Apiocera

Apiocera
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Brachycera
Infraorder: Asilomorpha
Superfamily: Asiloidea
Family: Apioceridae
Genus: Apiocera
Westwood, 1835
Subgenera
  • Apiocera
  • Pyrocera
  • Ripidosyrma
  • Anypenus

The Apioceridae, or flower-loving flies, are a small (about 150 species) family of flies, all in the single genus Apiocera. They occur mostly in dry, sandy habitats in the deserts of North America, South America, and Australia. Other genera formerly placed in Apioceridae are now in Mydidae.[1]

Diversity and biogeography

The roughly 150 species of Apiocera are divided into four subgenera, each restricted to a different continent. Apiocera is found in Australia, Ripidosyrma in southern Africa, Pyrocera in North America, and Anypenus in South America.[1]

Biology

Apiocera species are found in sandy, arid and semiarid habitats. Despite the common name, most Apiocera species never visit flowers, but rather are found running on the ground near sparse vegetation, or feeding on honeydew beneath aphid-infested plants. They are often seen drinking from damp sand with their sponge-like mouthparts. The larvae of Apiocera maritima are found in sand near the high-water mark of coastal beaches.

Species

This section contains a list of 138 species:

  • Apiocera acuticauda Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera acutipalpis Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera afacialis Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera alastor (Walker, 1849)
  • Apiocera albanyana Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera aldrichi Painter, 1936
  • Apiocera aliena Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera alleni Cazier, 1941
  • Apiocera ammophila Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera angusta Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera antennata Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera arena Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera arnaudi Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera asilica Westwood, 1835
  • Apiocera asiloides Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera augur Osten Sacken, 1886
  • Apiocera aurelia Artigas, 1970
  • Apiocera auripilosa Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera australis Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera badipeniculata Yeates, 1994
  • Apiocera barri Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera basivillosa Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera beameri Painter, 1936
  • Apiocera bibula Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera bigelowi Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera bigotii (Macquart, 1847)
  • Apiocera bilineata Painter, 1932
  • Apiocera braunsi Melander, 1907
  • Apiocera brevicornis (Wiedemann, 1830)
  • Apiocera caboae Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera calida Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera caloris Painter, 1936
  • Apiocera campbelli Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera canuta Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera cerata Paramonov, 1961
  • Apiocera chiltonae Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera chrysolasia Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera clavator Painter, 1936
  • Apiocera commoni Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera constricta Cazier, 1985
  • Apiocera contrasta Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera convergens Painter, 1936
  • Apiocera davidsonorum Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera deforma Norris, 1936
  • Apiocera deserticola Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera draperae Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera elegans Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera englishae Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera excepta Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera exta Cazier, 1941
  • Apiocera fallax Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera fasciata Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera femoralis Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera ferruginea Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera fisheri Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera flabellata Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera foleyi Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera franckei Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera fullerae Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera goerlingi Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera hamata Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera hardyi Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera haruspex Osten Sacken, 1877
  • Apiocera helenae Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera hispida Cazier, 1941
  • Apiocera horticolis Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera immedia Hardy, 1940
  • Apiocera imminuta Hardy, 1940
  • Apiocera infinita Cazier, 1941
  • Apiocera interrupta Painter, 1936
  • Apiocera intonsa Cazier, 1941
  • Apiocera latifrons Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera latipennis Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera lavignei Cazier, 1985
  • Apiocera linsleyi Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera longicauda Paramonov, 1961
  • Apiocera longitudinalis Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera lugubris Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera mackerrasi Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera macswaini Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera maritima Hardy, 1933
  • Apiocera maxima Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera melanura Cazier, 1941
  • Apiocera mexicana Cazier, 1954
  • Apiocera minckleyi Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera minor Norris, 1936
  • Apiocera moderata Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera moerens Westwood, 1841
  • Apiocera monticola Artigas, 1970
  • Apiocera mortensoni Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera mulegeae Cazier, 1985
  • Apiocera newmani Norris, 1936
  • Apiocera nicholsoni Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera norrisi Hardy, 1940
  • Apiocera norrisiana Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera notata Painter, 1936
  • Apiocera oblonga Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera obscura (Philippi, 1865)
  • Apiocera ogradyi Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera omniflava Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera ordana Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera orientalis Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera ornata Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera painteri Cazier, 1963
  • Apiocera pallida Norris, 1936
  • Apiocera parahydra Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera parkeri Cazier, 1941
  • Apiocera pearcei Cazier, 1941
  • Apiocera philippii Brethes, 1924
  • Apiocera pica Norris, 1936
  • Apiocera picoides Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera pilosoris Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera powelli Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera pruinosa Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera pulcherrima Paramonov, 1961
  • Apiocera pulchra Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera reginae Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera rockefelleri Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera rubrifasciata Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera septentrionalis Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera similis Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera sonorae Cazier, 1954
  • Apiocera spectabilis Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera striativentris Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera swani Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera sylvestris Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera tonnoiri Norris, 1936
  • Apiocera trimaculata Painter, 1936
  • Apiocera tropica Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera unicolor Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera varia Cazier, 1985
  • Apiocera vespera Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera victoriae Paramonov, 1953
  • Apiocera volucra Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera voragocolis Cazier, 1982
  • Apiocera vulpes Hermann, 1909
  • Apiocera warneri Cazier, 1985
  • Apiocera wilcoxi Cazier, 1982

References

  1. 1 2 David K. Yeates & Michael E. Irwin (1996). "Apioceridae (Insecta: Diptera): cladistic reappraisal and biogeography". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 116 (3): 247–301. doi:10.1006/zjls.1996.0020.
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