Annals of Essenbæk

The Annals of Essenbæk are annals with historical notices regarding the years 1020-1323, which until the 1260s were referred from the Annals of Ryd.

In the Annals of Essenbæk there is described a society which from ca. 1262 to 1323 is characterized by conflicts between kings and archbishops, imprudent warfare, large tax burdens, ruin, peasant revolts and outlaws in Jutland. Whoever wrote the annals favored peace between the king and the Church, as well as with foreign countries, but also the king's counterpart in the conflict from 1314 to 1320.

Whoever wrote the annals was interested in the peasants' circumstances, but several of the notices in the annals are ecclesiastical. In 1773 J. Langebek therefore deemed, with reference to the notices regarding Essenbæk Abbey and Randers, that the annals are from Essenbæk Abbey.^[1] That the first notice in the annals is in regards to the establishment of the Cluniac Order, indicates that Essenbæk Abbey was Cluniac when the annals were written.^[2]

The first edition is lost,^[3] but four later editions are known. One is perhaps referred from a Medieval manuscript, and the three others are referred from a since lost manuscript by Hans Svanning.^[4] An edition in Uppsala University Library is translated to Danish and published by Ellen Jørgensen in Annales Danici.^[3]

In the annals is e.g. noted down that:

in 1020 the Cluniac Order was established.
in 1084 the Carthusian Order was established.
in 1099 the Cistercian Order was established.
in 1115 Clairvaux Abbey was established.
in 1120 the Premonstratensian Order was established.^[5]
in 1151 Stig Hvide, who established Essenbæk Abbey, was killed.^[2]
in 1180 Essenbæk Abbey was modified.^[6]
in 1187 Jerusalem was conquered by the heathens, and the Danish breviarium was written.
in 1190 the Order of Preachers was established.
in 1198 the Trinitarian Order was established.
in 1200 the Order of Friars Minor was established.
in 1208 Emperor Philip was killed, and succeeded as emperor by Otto.
in 1215 there was a Lateran council, and the bishop in Aarhus was replaced.
in 1220 Jerusalem and the Holy Land were reconquered by the Christians.
in 1229 Jerusalem was conquered from the heathens.
in 1230 there was epidemic and rinderpest.
in 1237 there was devastating storm.
in 1240 Jerusalem and the Holy Land were conquered by the heathens, and the bishop in Aarhus was replaced.
in 1244 Randers burned.
in 1245 there was Lateran council in Lyon.
in 1247 there was general war in Denmark, and Germans burned Odense.
in 1251 the former emperor Frederick died, and King Louis of France was captured.
in 1256 King William of Saxony was killed.
in 1259 Jacob Erlandsen was imprisoned.
in 1260 Jacob Erlandsen was released.
in 1262 Randers burned.
in 1263 the bishop in Aarhus was replaced.
in 1266 Cardinal Guido was in Denmark, and Bishop Eilif of Børglum was murdered in Hvidbjerg Church by Jens Glob.
in 1267 Bishop Niels of Viborg died.
in 1268 there was devastating storm, and cottagers were all mad with clubs.
in 1272 the bishop in Aarhus was replaced.
in 1281 there was rinderpest.
in 1283 there was famine.
in 1284 Norwegians ravaged at Skagen.
in 1285 Norwegians ravaged at Horsens.
in 1286 the king was killed.
in 1287 Stig Andersen fled.
in 1288 the bishop in Aarhus was replaced.
in 1290 Norwegians ravaged on Langeland, and there was built a fortress on Hjælm.
in 1293 Stig Andersen died.
in 1294 Jens Grand was imprisoned.
in 1295 there was truce (The Hindsgavl Settlement).
in 1299 there was imposed interdict.
in 1300 there was great indulgence in Rome, and rinderpest.
in 1305 there was epidemic.
in 1306 the bishop in Aarhus was replaced, the winter was hard, and the price of six skæpper rye was six ørtug.
in 1310 the bishop in Aarhus was replaced.
in 1311 there was Pope Clement’s council.
in 1315 there were daily heavy rains.
in 1316 there was summoned leding to Stralsund – one mark of silver for each plow.
in 1317 the nobles gave tithe of their estates.
in 1318 people gave to the king a half mark of silver for each plow.
in 1319 there was famine.
in 1320 it was decided by charter to tear down the forced fortress Kalø.
in 1322 the winter was hard well into the spring.
in 1323 the winter was so hard that people crossed the ice on horse.

In the annals are also noted when prominent foreign churchmen died and prominent foreign monasteries were established, and the annals include a list of the popes until then.^[7]

References

↑ Skov, Sigvard Preben (1937). Essenbækaarbogen in Jyske Samlinger. Aarhus, Denmark; Jysk Selskab for Historie, Sprog og Litteratur, pp. 100-103
1 2 Lorenzen, Vilhelm (1933). De danske benediktinerklostres bygningshistorie. Copenhagen, Denmark: G. E. C. Gad, p. 95
1 2 Jexlev, Thelma (1977). VEJLEDENDE ARKIVREGISTRATURER XVIII. LOKALARKIVER TIL 1559. GEJSTLIGE ARKIVER II: Odense stift, jyske stifter og Slesvig stift. Copenhagen, Denmark; Rigsarkivet, p. 226
↑ Knudsen, Anders Leegaard (2010). Annales Danici. Bergen, Norway; Universitety of Bergen https://wiki.uib.no/medieval/index.php/Annales_Danici#Annales_Essenbecenses [Retrieved 2016-12-11]
↑ Skov, Sigvard Preben (1937). Essenbækaarbogen in Jyske Samlinger. Aarhus, Denmark; Jysk Selskab for Historie, Sprog og Litteratur, p. 102
↑ Daugaard, Jacob Brøgger (1830). Om de danske klostre i middelalderen. Copenhagen, Denmark; Andreas Seidelin, p. 407
↑ Skov, Sigvard Preben (1937). Essenbækaarbogen in Jyske Samlinger. Aarhus, Denmark; Jysk Selskab for Historie, Sprog og Litteratur, pp. 100-104

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