Anil Potti

Anil Potti is a physician and former Duke University medical researcher, focusing on oncogenomics. He, along with Joseph Nevins, are at the center of a research fabrication scandal at Duke University[1][2][3] and many of his scientific publications have been retracted. On November 9, 2015, the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) found that Potti had engaged in research misconduct.[4] According to Potti's voluntary settlement agreement with ORI, Potti can continue to perform research with the requirement of supervision till year 2020, while he "neither admits nor denies ORI's findings of research misconduct".[4]

Biography

Anil Potti graduated from Christian Medical College, Vellore, India in 1995.[5] He finished an internship in Internal Medicine at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine in 1999.[5] In 2006 Potti completed training in hematology and oncology at Duke University.[5]

Potti resigned from Duke in 2010, following the discovery of flaws in the genomics research conducted at Duke and allegations of embellishments in his resume, assuming responsibility for the anomalies in the scientific research.[6]

Scientific misconduct

According to the Office of Research Integrity (ORI), Potti engaged in scientific misconduct[4] while a cancer researcher at both Duke University's Medical Center and School of Medicine. He resigned in November 2010 after Duke put him on administrative leave, terminated the clinical trials based on his research and retracted his published data.[6][7][8]

Potti and his team were accused of falsifying data regarding the use of microarray genetic analysis for personalised cancer treatment, which was published in various prestigious scientific journals. While there were questions concerning Potti's work beginning in 2007, notably two Bioinformatic Statisticians Keith Baggerly and Kevin Coombes at MD Anderson Cancer Center,[9][10] 2010 brought further and more widespread scrutiny when it was discovered by Paul Goldberg and reported in The Cancer Letter[11][12] that Potti had claimed on his curriculum vitae that he had been a "Rhodes Scholar (Australian Board)".[7][13] He said he was referring to the Association of Rhodes Scholars in Australia Scholarships,[14] an award granted by an organisation of former Rhodes Scholars to bring Commonwealth citizens who attend overseas institutions in to Australia.[13][15][16] The Potti scandal prompted the Institute of Medicine to conduct a study of the proper use of genomics in clinical trials.[17] The Institute of Medicine's report, entitled "Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward", was published on 23 March 2012 and made detailed specific recommendations for clinical trials that incorporate "omics".[18][19][20] In February 2012, Dr. Joseph Nevins (Potti's mentor at Duke), stated that it was "abundantly clear" that there was "manipulated data" that could not have occurred by chance.[2] This was confirmed by the 2015 ORI report.[4]

Consequences

The American Cancer Society stopped payments of a five-year grant which totalled $729,000 as Potti had received the grant based on his credentials.[21] Duke University later reimbursed the American Cancer Society for the full amount of the grant. Healthcare companies cut ties with Potti after evidence surfaced that Potti had fabricated awards on his resume.[22]

Three clinical trials at Duke University Medical Center based on Potti's research came under scrutiny in 2009 and were temporarily suspended, then were permanently stopped in 2010.[23][24] The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) reviewed one of the studies in 2009, several years after its initiation, and concluded that the study would require an Investigational New Drug application, which had not been submitted.[25] An FDA audit in 2011 further showed that an Investigational Device Exemption application had not been filed, but otherwise found "no significant deficiencies" in Duke's IRB conduct.[2][26] Potti's medical license record with the North Carolina Medical Board shows eleven settlements, each of at least $75,000, for incidents that appear to be related to these trials.[27][28]

In late 2011, the North Carolina Medical Board reprimanded Potti[29][30] but he retains his medical license. The board issued its disciplinary action against Potti but imposed no sanctions. In its consent order, the North Carolina Medical Board stated that the board has no evidence from which it could conclude that Potti received funding for medical research as a result of the inaccuracies that he would not have otherwise received, but concluded that "...Potti's conduct as described herein constitutes unprofessional conduct..."[31] In separate action on Potti's medical license, the North Carolina Medical Board reviewed 11 payments made to settle malpractice claims and posted on its website that "no public action was warranted".

In January 2011 Potti applied for a medical license in South Carolina, which was approved in April 2011.[32] Potti was employed as a practicing physician at the Coastal Cancer Center[33] in Loris from March 2011 until 21 February 2012.[32][34][35][36] Potti was also issued a medical license in Missouri on 1 February 2011; on 6 March 2012, the Missouri medical board (known as the Board of Registration for the Healing Arts) issued a reprimand on the basis of actions taken by the North Carolina Medical Board.[37][38]

In addition to the settlements, two lawsuits also have been filed against Potti, as well as against Duke and other medical personnel there, charging medical negligence among other claims.[39][40] In his response to the lawsuits, Potti stated that he was "not aware that false or improper data was included in the research."

Robert Califf of Duke testified that they had looked at 40 of Potti's publications and that two-thirds of them would be retracted in whole or in part. Science reported this as "The fallout from the Duke case includes 27 papers that Duke expects to be partially or completely retracted". As of February 2012, ten scientific papers authored by Potti and others have been retracted.[41][42][43][44]

After leaving Duke, Potti hired Online Reputation Manager, a reputation management company, to improve search results for his name.[45]

In February 2013, WordPress received DMCA takedown notices for Retraction Watch blog posts critical of Potti and the posts were removed. Retraction Watch alleges that these DMCA take-down notices were based on false claims.[46] In November, 2013, Automattic, provider of the WordPress webhost service that hosts Retraction Watch, filed suit against the filer of the takedown notice, saying that he had made those false claims in violation of the DMCA.[47]

Research questions and Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on 'Omics'

Following questions raised about genomics research that was led by Potti and Nevins at Duke between 2004 and 2010,[19][48] the National Cancer Institute requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. The IOM's recommendations released in March 2012 spoke to the many parties responsible for discovery and development of omics-based tests, including investigators, their institutions, sponsors of research, the FDA, and journals.[19][48] The report identified best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.[19][48] The IOM's recommendations aimed to ensure that progress in omics test development is grounded in sound scientific practice and is reproducible, resulting not only in improved health care but also in continued public trust.[19][48]

The IOM report further added that "failure by many parties [at Duke] to detect or act on problems with key data and computational methods … led to the inappropriate enrollment of patients in clinical trials, premature launch of companies and retraction of dozens of research papers.[19][48] The report specifically called for scientific investigators to make the data, computer codes and computational procedures used to develop their clinical tests "publicly accessible for independent review" and to ensure that their data and research steps are presented comprehensibly.[19][48] The report also found that so-called "omics" tests – such as genomics and proteomics, which are diagnostic tools based on molecular patterns – are in general highly prone to errors. IOM committee chair Gilbert Omenn, a computational biologist at the University of Michigan, said the problems could have been avoided. But he noted, as well, that those kind of problems were not unique to Duke."There are a lot of lessons here that surely apply to other places," Omenn said.

Continuing controversy

One question that neither Duke nor people involved in the research have been able to explicitly answer thus far is how data corruption or manipulation that would require thorough knowledge of microarray data warehouse (large specialised databases) as well as bioinformatics occurred. Dr. Robert Califf's comments about TMQF[49] only addresses data provenance, adequate quantitative collaboration, accountability and open dialogue about issues beyond the individual lab and systems to deal with conflict of interest.

In a curt exchange with committee member Thomas Fleming, a professor of biostatistics at the University of Washington, Dr. Joseph Nevins refused to say how he believed the data problems occurred. When Fleming pointed out that because the problems in the data improved the experimental results, it seemed that they were introduced intentionally. "I can't address it," Nevins responded. "I just can't get into a position of speculating on how it happened.[50]

Retracted papers

The following ten papers that Potti coauthored were retracted for varying reasons.

A Genomic Approach to Colon Cancer Risk Stratification Yields Biologic Insights into Therapeutic Opportunities

This article was published by PNAS. Gene expressions could allow the researchers to see if tumors are uniform throughout. This could also be used with colon cancer. They also can help predict how a person will respond to treatment and improve prognosis.[51] The authors said they wanted to retract this article because "…we have been unable to reproduce certain key experiments described in the paper regarding validation and use of the colon cancer prognostic signature. This includes the validation performed with dataset E-MEXP-1224, as reported in Fig. 2A, as well as the generation of prognostic scores for colon cancer cell lines, as reported in Fig. 4…"[52]

Validation of Gene Signatures that Predict the Response of Breast Cancer to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

This article was published in Lancet Oncology. This study involved patients with oestrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer. The researchers wanted to confirm their previous studies of gene-expression signatures in predicting the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs.[53] The article was retracted because the validity of the results was beginning to be questioned and because predictions were made off of the Nature Medicine article that was retracted.[54]

Genomic Signatures to Guide the Use of Chemotherapeutics

This article was published in Nature Medicine. Gene expression signatures were developed with in vitro drug sensitivity data and Affymetrix microarray data. These were used to help predict response and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs as well as corresponding drugs.[55] This article was retracted after being corrected because many key experiments could not be reproduced.[55]

Gene Expression Signatures, Clinicopathological Features, and Individualized Therapy in Breast Cancer

This article was published in JAMA (Journal of American Medicine Association). The patients had early-stage breast carcinoma. The study's main point was to find if gene expression signatures could refine breast cancer prognosis. This article talks about cancer, genomic technology, and chemotherapy and radiation.[56] This article was retracted because a large part of the article was based on another article that Potti had written and had published in Nature Medicine. The article in Nature Medicine had been retracted because of failure to reproduce results.[57]

Pharmacogenomic Strategies Provide a Rational Approach to the Treatment of Cisplatin-Resistant Patients with Advanced Cancer

This article was published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Usually, platinum-based chemotherapy is used to treat non-small cell lung cancer, but how patients respond is highly variable. This article also talks about predicting how individuals will respond to cisplatin and pemetrexed.[58] This article was retracted because experiments could not be reproduced.[59]

Gene-expression Patterns Predict Phenotypes of Immune-mediated Thrombosis

This article was published in the journal Blood. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) affects about 3 in 1000 Americans. Out of the three, 10% have aPLAs. This study consisted of 129 patients. Out of those 129, 57 had APS and VTE, 32 had VTE without aPLA, 32 had aPLA, and 8 were healthy. Gene-expression profiles identify and predict individuals with APS from patients with VTE without aPLA. It is important to be able to predict APS and venous thrombosis because it will help with the management of the disease.[60] This article was retracted because the other authors were unable to reproduce the data Potti cited.[61]

A Genomic Strategy to Refine Prognosis in Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

This article was published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The patients of this study were in stage IB, II, or IIIA of non-small cell lung cancer. Many patients receive surgery, but the risk of relapse is high. Others receive toxic chemotherapy unnecessarily. This study used gene-expressions to evaluate what form of treatment would be best.[62] This article was retracted by the authors because they could not reproduce the results from the article.[63]

An Integrated Approach to the Prediction of Chemotherapeutic Response in Patients with Breast Cancer

This article was published in PLoS ONE. It is important for cancer patients to receive the most effective treatment while also hopefully having the best quality of life possible. The researchers developed mRNA and microRNA profiles. They tested the mRNA profiles on 133 breast cancer patients. These breast cancer patients had been treated with TFAC chemotherapy treatment.[64] This article was retracted as some of the information used in it derived from the Nature Medicine article which had been retracted. As that article had been retracted, it was felt that this article should be, as well.[65]

An Integrated Genomic-Based Approach to Individualized Treatment of Patients With Advanced-Stage Ovarian Cancer

This paper was published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in February 2007. The research studied ovarian cancer patient responses to platinum-based therapy. This marks the latest in a series of about 13 expected Potti retractions, with another 13 expected partial retractions.[66][67]

Characterizing the Clinical Relevance of an Embryonic Stem Cell Phenotype in Lung Adenocarcinoma

This paper was published in Clinical Cancer Research on 15 December 2009. The study purportedly found a common gene expression pattern between lung adenocarcinomas and normal human embryonic stem cells that was associated with a shorter survival of patients with the lung cancer.[68] On 21 February 2012, the manuscript was retracted.[69] The retraction statement was signed by all authors and indicated "that clinical information from a data set ... available at the time of the signature development, was incorrect". Further, that statement indicated that "Drs. Anil Potti and Marvaretta Stevenson take full responsibility for this error".

Paper under suspicion

Retracted manuscripts

References

  1. ↑ Debruyn, Jason (10 February 2012). "60 Minutes to delve into Potti case (Triangle Business Journal, February 10, 2012". Bizjournals.com.
  2. 1 2 3 "Deception at Duke", 60 Minutes, CBS, 12 February 2012
  3. ↑ "Misconduct in science An array of errors". Economist. Sep 10, 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 4 https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2015/11/09/2015-28437/findings-of-research-misconduct Findings of Research Misconduct
  5. 1 2 3 "North Carolina Medical Board". Pps.ncmedboard.org.
  6. 1 2 "Anil Potti, Duke Cancer Researcher Accused of Misconduct, Resigns", Duke Chronicle
  7. 1 2 Singer, Natasha (20 July 2010). "Duke Scientist Suspended Over Rhodes Scholarship Claim". New York Times. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  8. ↑ "Suspended cancer trials terminated", Duke Chronicle
  9. ↑ Kolata, Gina (7 July 2011). "How Bright Promise in Cancer Testing Fell Apart". New York Times. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
  10. ↑ Kilday, Patricia (18 February 2012). "Houston docs found leak in Holy Grail of cancer treatment. Houston Chronicle, 2/18/12)". Houston Chronicle.
  11. ↑ "Prominent Duke Scientist Claimed Prizes He Didn't Win, Including Rhodes Scholarship.". cancerletter.com. 16 July 2012.
  12. ↑ "Duke scientist Anil Potti’s different CVs: version 1, version 2, and version 3.". cancerletter.com. 16 July 2012.
  13. 1 2 "Resume reveals inconsistencies". Duke Chronicle. 29 August 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  14. ↑ "Potti letter addresses scandal: Former researcher calls Rhodes controversy a misunderstanding | The Chronicle". Dukechronicle.com. 11 January 2012.
  15. ↑ "Rhodes scholars – Research Grants and Contracts". Research.unimelb.edu.au. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  16. ↑ "Ninth Potti paper to date gets retracted – Duke Chronicle, Feb 7, 2012". Dukechronicle.com.
  17. ↑ "An array of errors". The Economist. 10 September 2011.
  18. ↑ "Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward – Institute of Medicine". Iom.edu.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kaiser, Jocelyn. "Panel Calls for Closer Oversight of Biomarker Tests". News.sciencemag.org.
  20. ↑ "Lapses in oversight compromise omics results : Nature News & Comment". Nature.com. 23 March 2012.
  21. ↑ Singer, N (20 July 2010). "Duke Scientist Suspended Over Rhodes Scholar Claims.%7C2010". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  22. ↑ "Health care companies cut ties with Potti", Duke Chronicle
  23. ↑ http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110111/full/469139a.html
  24. ↑ "Cancer research questioned", Duke Chronicle
  25. ↑ http://www.cancerletter.com/downloads/20120127_1/download
  26. ↑ "NBC-17 Investigates FDA findings in Duke audit". NBC17.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012.
  27. ↑ Debruyn, Jason (13 March 2011). "Payouts mount for ex-Duke doc for malpractice – Triangle Business Journal". Bizjournals.com. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  28. ↑ "Disgraced Duke researcher settles malpractice claims". WRAL.com. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  29. ↑ "Anil Potti reprimanded by North Carolina state medical board, as lawsuit settlements surface "Retraction Watch". Retractionwatch.wordpress.com. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  30. ↑ "Tainted doctor working in S.C. (Charleston Post and Courier)". Postandcourier.com.
  31. ↑ "NCMB Action Revised".
  32. 1 2 "Troubles continue for former Duke oncologist (Charleston Post and Courier, February 23, 20120)". Postandcourier.com.
  33. ↑ "Coastal Cancer Center". Coastal Cancer Center. Archived from the original on 16 February 2012.
  34. ↑ "Anil Potti resurfaces at South Carolina cancer center "Retraction Watch". Retractionwatch.wordpress.com. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  35. ↑ Debruyn, Jason (22 February 2012). "Cancer researcher Potti loses his S.C. job".
  36. ↑ "Updated: Anil Potti out at Coastal Cancer Center; practice blames Duke for glowing recommendations". Retractionwatch.wordpress.com. Retrieved 22 February 2012.
  37. ↑ "Board of Registration for the Healing Arts". Pr.mo.gov. 28 August 2011.
  38. ↑ "Potti reprimanded by Missouri medical board (The Chronicle, March 12, 2012)". Dukechronicle.com.
  39. ↑ "Duke sued over clinical trials". ABC News. 8 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  40. ↑ "Second lawsuit filed against Duke for Potti's research". The Herald Sun. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  41. ↑ "New in PNAS: Potti retraction number seven, and a Potti correction". Retractionwatch.wordpress.com. 5 October 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  42. ↑ "Potti and colleagues retract 2008 JAMA paper "Retraction Watch". Retractionwatch.wordpress.com. 2 April 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  43. ↑ "Anil Potti and colleagues retract ninth paper, this one in JCO " Retraction Watch". Retractionwatch.wordpress.com.
  44. ↑ "Tenth Potti retraction appears, in Clinical Cancer Research " Retraction Watch". Retractionwatch.wordpress.com.
  45. ↑ "Potti hires online reputation manager". The Chronicle. 14 April 2011. Archived from the original on 28 February 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  46. ↑ "Site plagiarizes blog posts, then files DMCA takedown on originals". ArsTechnica. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  47. ↑ "Wordpress Goes Legal: Sues Over Two Egregiously Bogus DMCA Notices That Were Designed To Censor". Techdirt. 2013-11-21. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Evolution of Translational Omics: Lessons Learned and the Path Forward". Iom.edu. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014.
  49. ↑ "TMQ Framework". Duke Medical School. 1 May 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015.
  50. ↑ "Nevins exchange with Committee". Duke Chronicle. Archived from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  51. ↑ Mostertz, W; Stevenson, M; Acharya, C; Chan, I; Walters, K; Lamlertthon, W; Barry, W; Crawford, J; Nevins, J (10 February 2010). "Age- and sex-specific genomic profiles in non-small cell lung cancer". JAMA. 303 (6): 535–43. PMID 20145230. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.80.
  52. ↑ Garman, K. S.; Acharya, C. R.; Edelman, E.; Grade, M.; Gaedcke, J.; Sud, S.; Barry, W.; Diehl, A. M.; Provenzale, D. (2 December 2008). "A genomic approach to colon cancer risk stratification yields biologic insights into therapeutic opportunities". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (49): 19432–37. PMC 2592987 Freely accessible. PMID 19050079. doi:10.1073/pnas.0806674105.
  53. ↑ Bonnefoi, Hervé; Potti, Anil; Delorenzi, Mauro; Mauriac, Louis; Campone, Mario; Tubiana-Hulin, Michèle; Petit, Thierry; Rouanet, Philippe; Jassem, Jacek (December 2007). "RETRACTED: Validation of gene signatures that predict the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A substudy of the EORTC 10994/BIG 00-01 clinical trial". Lancet Oncology. 8 (12): 1071–78. PMID 18024211. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70345-5.
  54. ↑ Bonnefoi, Hervé; Potti, Anil; Delorenzi, Mauro; Mauriac, Louis; Campone, Mario; Tubiana-Hulin, Michèle; Petit, Thierry; Rouanet, Philippe; Jassem, Jacek (2011). "Retraction validation of gene signatures that predict the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a substudy of the EORTC 10994/BIG 00-01 clinical trial". The Lancet Oncology. 12 (2): 116. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70011-0.
  55. 1 2 Potti, Anil; Dressman, Holly K; Bild, Andrea; Riedel, Richard F; Chan, Gina; Sayer, Robyn; Cragun, Janiel; Cottrill, Hope; Kelley, Michael J (January 2011). "Retraction: Genomic signatures to guide the use of chemotherapeutics". Nature Medicine. 17 (1): 135. PMID 21217686. doi:10.1038/nm0111-135.
  56. ↑ Acharya, CR; Hsu, DS; Anders, CK; Anguiano, A; Salter, KH; Walters, KS; Redman, RC; Tuchman, SA; Moylan, CA (2 April 2008). "Gene expression signatures, clinicopathological features, and individualized therapy in breast cancer". JAMA. 299 (13): 1574–87. PMID 18387932. doi:10.1001/jama.299.13.1574.
  57. ↑ "Retraction: Acharya CR, et al. Gene expression signatures, clinicopathological features, and individualized therapy in breast cancer". Retrieved 13 January 2012.
  58. ↑ Hsu DS, Balakumaran BS, Acharya CR, Vlahovic V, Walters KS, Garman K, Anders C, Riedel RF, Lancaster J, Harpole D, Dressman HK, Nevins JR, Febbo PG, Potti A (1 October 2007). "Pharmacogenomic strategies provide a rational approach to the treatment of cisplatin-resistant patients with advanced cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 25 (28): 4350–7. PMID 17906199. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.11.0593.
  59. ↑ "Retraction. Pharmacogenomic strategies provide a rational approach to the treatment of cisplatin-resistant patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 25:4350–7, 2007.". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 28 (35): 5229. 10 December 2010. PMID 21148129. doi:10.1200/JCO.2010.33.7311.
  60. ↑ Potti, A; Bild, A; Dressman, HK; Lewis, DA; Nevins, JR; Ortel, TL (February 2006). "Gene-expression patterns predict phenotypes of immune-mediated thrombosis". Blood. 107 (4): 1391–96. PMC 1895419 Freely accessible. PMID 16263789. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-07-2669.
  61. ↑ Potti A, Bild A, Dressman HK, Lewis DA, Nevins JR, Ortel TL (20 October 2011). "Retraction. Gene-expression patterns predict phenotypes of immune-mediated thrombosis. Blood". Blood. 118 (16): 4497. PMC 4507035 Freely accessible. PMID 21856862. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-08-375030.
  62. ↑ Potti, Anil; Mukherjee, Sayan; Petersen, Rebecca; Dressman, Holly K.; Bild, Andrea; Koontz, Jason; Kratzke, Robert; Watson, Mark A.; Kelley, Michael; Ginsburg, Geoffrey S.; West, Mike; Harpole, David H.; Nevins, Joseph R. (10 August 2006). "A genomic strategy to refine prognosis in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer". New England Journal of Medicine. 355 (6): 570–80. PMID 16899777. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa060467.
  63. ↑ Potti A, Mukherjee S, Petersen R, Dressman HK, Bild A, Koontz J, Kratzke R, Watson MA, Kelley M, Ginsburg GS, West M, Harpole DH Jr, Nevins JR (24 March 2011). "Retraction: A genomic strategy to refine prognosis in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;355:570–80.". New England Journal of Medicine. 364 (12): 1176. PMID 21366430. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1101915.
  64. ↑ Salter KH, Acharya CR, Walters KS, Redman R, Anguiano A, Garman KS, Anders CK, Mukherjee S, Dressman HK, Barry WT, Marcom KP, Olson J, Nevins JR, Potti A (2 April 2008). "An Integrated Approach to the Prediction of Chemotherapeutic Response in Patients with Breast Cancer". PLoS ONE. 3 (4): e1908. PMC 2270912 Freely accessible. PMID 18382681. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001908.
  65. ↑ Salter, Kelly H.; Acharya, Chaitanya R.; Walters, Kelli S.; Redman, Richard; Anguiano, Ariel; Garman, Katherine S.; Anders, Carey K.; Mukherjee, Sayan; Dressman, Holly K. (2011). Ouchi, Toru, ed. "Retraction: An Integrated Approach to the Prediction of Chemotherapeutic Response in Patients with Breast Cancer". PLoS ONE. 6 (9). PMC 3166342 Freely accessible. PMID 21912632. doi:10.1371/annotation/8f94e479-4161-43a0-a28c-4c0460bb89a4.
  66. ↑ "Ninth Potti paper to date gets retracted". Dukechronicle.com. 7 February 2012. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
  67. ↑ Dressman, H.K.; Berchuck, A.; Chan, G.; Zhai, J.; Bild, A.; Sayer, R.; Craygun, J.; Clarke, J.; Whitaker, R.S. (2007). "An integrated genomic-based approach to individualized treatment of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 25 (5): 517–25. PMID 17290060. doi:10.1200/JCO.2006.06.3743.
  68. ↑ "Characterizing the Clinical Relevance of an Embryonic Stem Cell Phenotype in Lung Adenocarcinoma". Clincancerres.aacrjournals.org.
  69. ↑ "Retraction: Characterizing the Clinical Relevance of an Embryonic Stem Cell Phenotype in Lung Adenocarcinoma". Clincancerres.aacrjournals.org. 21 February 2012.
  70. ↑ Mostertz, W; Stevenson, M; Acharya, C; Chan, I; Walters, K; Lamlertthon, W; Barry, W; Crawford, J; Nevins, J (10 February 2010). "Age- and Sex-Specific Genomic Profiles in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer". JAMA. 303 (6): 535–43. PMID 20145230. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.80.
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