Ambulacraria

Ambulacrarians Temporal range: Late Ediacaran - Recent

Various sea stars and sea urchins among mussel shells in the rocky intertidal zone of Kachemak Bay.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Subkingdom:	Eumetazoa
(unranked):	Bilateria
Superphylum:	Deuterostomia
(unranked):	Ambulacraria
Phyla
Echinodermata (20,000 species) Hemichordata (71 species)

Ambulacraria or Coelomopora is a clade of invertebrate phyla which includes echinoderms and hemichordates; a member of this group is called an ambulacrarian. The Ambulacraria are part of the deuterostomes, a larger clade that also includes the Chordata and Vetulicolia.

The two living clades with representative organisms are:

Echinodermata (sea stars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers, feather stars, sea lilies, etc.)
Hemichordata (acorn worms, Pterobranchia, and possibly graptolites)

The group Xenoturbellida (two species of worm-like animals) has previously been considered to be in this clade, but is now considered to be placed more basally among Metazoans.^[1]

Fossil taxa that may lie on the stem lineage:

Superphylum Ambulacraria
- unranked clade Cambroernida
  - † unranked clade = Eldoniida
  - † Herpetogaster Caron, Conway Morris & Shu, 2010^[2] - with one species: † Herpetogaster collinsi Caron, Conway Morris & Shu, 2010^[2]
  - † Rotadisciidae

References

↑ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Giribet, Gonzalo; Dunn, Casey W.; Hejnol, Andreas; Kristensen, Reinhardt M.; Neves, Ricardo C.; Rouse, Greg W.; Worsaae, Katrine; Sørensen, Martin V. (June 2011). "Higher-level metazoan relationships: recent progress and remaining questions". Organisms, Diversity & Evolution. 11 (2): 151–172. doi:10.1007/s13127-011-0044-4.
1 2 Caron, J.; Conway Morris, S.; Shu, D. (2010). "Tentaculate fossils from the Cambrian of Canada (British Columbia) and China (Yunnan) interpreted as primitive deuterostomes". PLoS ONE. 5 (3): e9586. PMC 2833208 . PMID 20221405. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009586.

Extant phyla of kingdom Animalia

Domain

Archaea

Bacteria

Eukaryota

(Supergroup

Plant

Hacrobia

Heterokont

Alveolata

Rhizaria

Excavata

Amoebozoa

Opisthokonta

Animal

Fungi)

Basal	Porifera (sponges) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Placozoa (Trichoplax)

P
l
a
n
u
l
o
z
o
a

Cnidaria (jellyfish and relatives)

B
i
l
a
t
e
r
i
a

Xenacoelomorpha	Xenoturbellida (Xenoturbella) Acoelomorpha Acoels Nemertodermatids

N
e
p
h
r
o
z
o
a

Deuterostomia

Chordata lancelets tunicates craniates / vertebrates
Ambulacraria	Echinodermata (starfish and relatives) Hemichordata Acorn worms Pterobranchs

P
r
o
t
o
s
t
o
m
i
a

Basal / incertae sedis	Chaetognatha (arrow worms)

Ecdysozoa

Scalidophora	Kinorhyncha (mud dragons) Priapulida (penis worms) Loricifera
Nematoida	Nematoda (roundworms) Nematomorpha (horsehair worms)
Panarthropoda	Arthropoda (arthropods) Tardigrada (waterbears) Onychophora (velvet worms)

Lophophorata	Bryozoa (moss animals) Brachiozoa Brachiopoda or lamp shells Phoronida or horseshoe worms
Other clades	Annelida (ringed worms) Mollusca (molluscs) Nemertea (ribbon worms) Entoprocta (Kamptozoa)

Major groups
within phyla

Phyla with ≥5000 extant species bolded
See also: Parazoa and Eumetazoa; Radiata; Platyzoa; Monoblastozoa (nomen dubium)

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.