National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences

The National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences (NIMHANS; (Hindi: राष्‍ट्रीय मानसिक स्वास्थ्य एवं तंत्रिका विज्ञान संस्थान) is a medical institution located in Bangalore, India. Established in 1925, NIMHANS, the apex centre for mental health and neuroscience education in the country, operates autonomously under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.^[3]

Founding and history

The history of the institute dates back to 1847, when the Bangalore Lunatic Asylum was founded. In 1925, the Government of Mysore rechristened the asylum as the Mental Hospital. The Mysore Government Mental Hospital became the first institute in India for postgraduate training in psychiatry.^[4]

The National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) was the result of the amalgamation of the erstwhile State Mental Hospital and the All India Institute of Mental Health (AIIMH) established by the Government of India in 1954. The institute was inaugurated on 27 December 1974, establishing it as an autonomous body under the Societies Registration Act to lead in the area of medical service and research in the country.

On November 14, 1994, NIMHANS was conferred a deemed university status by the University Grants Commission with academic autonomy. The institute has been declared as an Institute of National Importance by an act of parliament in 2012.^[5] In March 2017, the Government of India passed the Mental Healthcare Bill 2016, which also proposes to set up NIMHANS-like institutions across the nation.^[6][7][8]

Organization and administration

National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences

National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences is a multidisciplinary institute for patient care and academic pursuit in the frontier area of mental health and neuro sciences. The priority gradient adopted at the Institute is service, manpower development and research. A multidisciplinary integrated approach is the mainstay of this institute, paving the way to translate the results from the bench to the bedside. Several national and international funding organisations provide resources for academic and research activities.

Departments

Centres

Controversy and criticism

• Criticism against Juvenile Justice Bill: Various experts hailing from NIMHANS, in May 2015, lodged criticism against the Juvenile Justice Bill, which was tabled in parliament. Preeti Jacob, from the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, was quoted as saying "Juveniles are less culpable and are much more amenable to rehabilitative efforts and thus should not be transferred to the adult criminal justice system. The assessments that are being proposed in the bill in order to ascertain the mental capacity to commit an offence are arbitrary and unscientific."^[11][12][13]
• Detention and evaluation of whistleblower: In December 2014, it was reported that a soldier from the Indian Navy was being held in NIMHANS for a month to evaluate whether he was suffering from mental illness, after acting as a whistleblower. After the month-long evaluation, NIMHANS concluded that the Navy person was not suffering from any mental illness.^[14][15]
• Disputing cause of death of civil servant: In March, 2015, NIMHANS's director commented in news outlets saying that a civil servant's cause of death was not suicide.^[16]
• Compelling producer to rename film: In February 2014, NIMHANS approached the Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce to complain about a movie to be released with the same name. Although initially, the institution was able to block the release of the film if it was named as such, subsequently, the film-maker was able to launch his film without renaming it, once the Censor Board and KFCC approved the name in its second round.^[17]
• Involvement with aiding investigative agency with interrogation techniques: In July 2013, NIMHANS came under controversy when it was revealed by Times of India that it was collaborating with the Central Bureau of Investigation to train its staff with interrogation techniques.^[18]
• Involvement with suppression of Koodankulam anti-nuclear protests: It was reported by prominent news sources that the central government approached NIMHANS to suppress anti-nuclear protests in regards to building of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant. The government asked NIMHANS to dispatch psychiatrists to Kudankulam to counsel protesters. To fulfill the plan, NIMHANS developed a team of six members, all of them from the Department of Social Psychiatry. The psychiatrists were sent to get a "peek a into the protesters' minds" and help them learn the importance of the plant according to one news source.^{[19][20][21][22][23]}
• Refusal to admit youth to intensive care unit: The New Indian Express reported that the family of a 21-year-old individual who died in NIMHANS complained that their request for him being admitted to the ICU, due to his worsening condition, was declined by the staff. The youth later died, after his condition started to deteriorate.^[24]
• Negligence of hospital staff regarding mentally disabled man: An intellectually disabled man who was admitted in NIMHANS for treatment was found to have leaped from the terrace of a building. It was reported that he was under round the clock supervision, but escaped without notice. He was found lying in a pool of blood, and was taken to the Emergency Section of the Hospital.^[25]
• Involvement in treatment of Bengal talent show contestant: In 2008, a reality show contestant, Shinjini Sen, after getting reprimanded by the TV show judges, temporarily lost her voice, and physical mobility. It was alleged by the media that the television show judges' behaviour caused such disability. To resolve her case, she was flown from Kolkata to Bangalore's NIMHANS to be treated for a neurobiological condition.^{[26][27][28][29]} The then medical superintendent told the press:

We can say at this juncture that she could be suffering from depression. Depression does not lead to permanent loss of speech or physical disability. We are diagnosing why that has happened. There could be complex neurological factors leading to such conditions.

— Dr B N Gangadhar, Times Of India^[28]

• Criticism of WHO report: In August, 2011, NIMHANS faculty criticized a report published by the World Health Organization. The head of the psychiatry department, S K Chaturvedi, said that the figures by the WHO were highly inflated. Where, in the report, it alleges that 36% of Indians suffer from depression, the highest among all the countries, the NIMHANS faculty state that the incidence of depression is much lower due to a stronger social support system and family structure.^[30] However, the lifetime prevalence of depression in India measured by the study was only 9%, and the figure of 36% was a different metric^[31] that was mistakenly reported as the prevalence rate by some media houses.

Notable people

References

External links

• Official website

Mental Healthcare in India
Psychiatric hospitals and Other In-Patient Units	National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, New Delhi Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi State Mental Health Institute, Uttarakhand IHBAS, New Delhi Antara, Kolkata PGIMER, Chandigarh Yerwada Mental Hospital, Pune Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Karnataka Mon, Kolkata Lumbini Park Mental Hospital, Kolkata Calcutta Pavlov Hospital, Kolkata Berhampore Mental Hospital, Kolkata Purulia Mental Hospital, Kolkata Institute of Psychiatry, Kolkata Mental Hospital, Varanasi Mental Hospital, Indore
Mental Health Organisations	Center for Advocacy in Mental Health (funded by Bapu Trust) AASRA Lifeline Foundation Vandrevala Foundation Manas Mon Foundation The Banyan Anjali ARDSI SCARF, India
Mental Health Professional Associations	Indian Association for Social Psychiatry Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS) Indian Association of Private Psychiatry (IAPP) Indian Association of Clinical Psychology (IACP) Indian Academy of Applied Psychology National Academy Of Psychology, India Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Mental Health Journals	Indian Journal of Psychiatry (IJP), Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine (IJPM) Mens Sana Monographs Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (JIACAM)
Key People	Bhargavi Davar (Bapu Trust) Aniruddh Kala (Founder of IAPP) Shekhar Sheshadri (Professor) Ajai Singh (Psychiatrist, Writer) Alok Sarin (Psychiatrist, Activist) Indira Sharma (Former President, IPS) Jai Ranjan Ram (Consultant Psychiatrist) T S S Rao (Editor, IJP) Nimesh Desai (Professor) Achal Bhagat (Psychiatrist, Activist)
Controversy & Criticism	Ervadi Tragedy Political abuse of psychiatry in India Covert medication