Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora

Alfonso La Màrmora
6th Prime Minister of Italy
In office
28 September 1864 – 20 June 1866
Monarch Victor Emmanuel II
Preceded by Marco Minghetti
Succeeded by Bettino Ricasoli
Personal details
Born (1804-11-18)18 November 1804
Turin, French Empire
Died 5 January 1878(1878-01-05) (aged 73)
Florence, Kingdom of Italy
Political party Independent
Military service
Allegiance  Kingdom of Sardinia
 Kingdom of Italy
Service/branch  Royal Italian Army
Years of service 1823–1866
Battles/wars First Italian War of Independence
Crimean War
Second Italian War of Independence
Brigantaggio
Third Italian War of Independence

Alfonso Ferrero, Cavaliere La Marmora (Italian pronunciation: [alˈfɔnso la ˈmarmora]; 18 November 1804 – 5 January 1878) was an Italian general and statesman. His older brothers include soldier and naturalist Alberto della Marmora and Alessandro La Marmora, founder of the branch of the Italian army now called the Bersaglieri.

Biography

Garibaldi and General La Marmora
Portrait of La Marmora

Born in Turin, he entered the Sardinian army in 1823, and was a captain in March 1848, when he gained distinction and the rank of major at the siege of Peschiera. On 5 August 1848 he liberated Charles Albert of Sardinia from a revolutionary mob in Milan, and in October was promoted general and appointed Minister of War. After suppressing the revolt of Genoa in 1849, he again assumed in November 1849 the portfolio of war, which, save during the period of his command of the Crimean expedition, he retained until 1859.[1]

He took part in the war of 1859 against Austria; and in July of that year succeeded Cavour in the premiership. In 1860 he was sent to Berlin and Saint Petersburg to arrange for the recognition of the kingdom of Italy and subsequently he held the offices of governor of Milan and royal lieutenant at Naples, until, in September 1864, he succeeded Marco Minghetti as premier. In this capacity he modified the scope of the September Convention by a note in which he claimed for Italy full freedom of action in respect of national aspirations to the possession of Rome, a document of which Visconti-Venosta afterwards took advantage when justifying the Italian occupation of Rome in 1870.[1]

In April 1866 La Marmora concluded an alliance with Prussia against Austria-Hungary, and, on the outbreak of the Third Italian War of Independence in June, took command of an army corps.[1] He is largely credited[2] of the hesitant conduct of the first phases of the Italian invasion, which, despite the large Italian superiority, led to the defeat in the battle of Custoza on 23 June. Accused of treason by his fellow countrymen, in particular by other high rank generals, and of duplicity by the Prussians, he eventually published in defence of his tactics (1873) a series of documents entitled Un po' più di luce sugli eventi dell'anno 1866 ("More light on the events of 1866") a step which caused irritation in Germany, and exposed him to the charge of having violated state secrets.[1]

Meanwhile, he had been sent to Paris in 1867 to oppose the French expedition to Rome, and in 1870, after the occupation of Rome by the Italians, had been appointed lieutenant-royal of the new capital. He died in Florence on 5 January 1878. La Marmora's writings include Un episodio di risorgimento italiano (1875) and Il segreto di stato nel governo costituzionale (1877).[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "La Marmora, Alfonso Ferrero". Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 102. This cites G. Massani, Il generale Alfonso La Marmora (Milan, 1880)
  2. ↑ Quirico, Domenico. "I piemontesi". Generali (in Italian). Mondadori.
Preceded by
Marco Minghetti		 Prime Minister of Italy
1864–1866 		Succeeded by
Bettino Ricasoli
Preceded by
Emilio Visconti-Venosta		 Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs
1864–1866 		Succeeded by
Emilio Visconti-Venosta
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