List of murder convictions without a body

A murder conviction without a body is an instance of a person being convicted of murder despite the absence of the victim's body. Circumstantial and forensic evidence are prominent in such convictions. Hundreds of such convictions have occurred in the past, some of which have been overturned. In all cases, unless otherwise noted, the remains of the victims were never recovered.

  This color indicates convictions that were overturned

Australia

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Azaria Chamberlain Lindy Chamberlain-Creighton Uluru August 17, 1980 October 29, 1982 An infant who is now believed to have been killed by a dingo while on a camping trip with her parents. Her mother was convicted of the murder in 1982 and her father was convicted as an accessory to the crime. However, following the discovery of the baby's clothing in an area frequented by the animals, the charges were overturned in September 1988.[1] Evil Angels, journalist John Bryson's book about the case, was the basis for the eponymous film known as A Cry in the Dark internationally.
Samantha Knight Michael Guider Bondi, New South Wales August 19, 1986 August 28, 2002 A nine-year old girl abducted from her home. Guider, a pedophile who drugged his victims with Temazepam before molesting them, pled guilty to her manslaughter when he was already behind bars for other crimes. According to Guider, Knight never recovered after being drugged, and he later buried, dug up, and re-buried her body in two different Sydney locations to evade suspicion. It is believed that the body was ultimately removed or destroyed during the construction of a carpark.
Keith William Allan Sudo Cavkic, Costas Athanasi, Julian Michael Clarke Melbourne May 28, 2000 2007 A so-called "contract killing" in which three men were convicted of the crime.[2]
Peter Falconio Bradley John Murdoch Barrow Creek, Northern Territory July 14, 2001 December 13, 2005 A man murdered by a truck driver while vacationing with his girlfriend, Joanne Lees. Lees survived the ordeal and identified Murdoch as the killer.[3]

Belgium

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Edit Fintor, Ilona Sőrés; Andrea, Dániel, Zoltán and Tünde Pándy András Pándy, Ágnes Pándy Brussels 1986 - 1990 March 6, 2002 The two wives, two sons, and two of the step-daughters of András Pándy. The conviction relied heavily on the forgery of documents by Pándy aiming to prove that the disappeared had left the country, and the testimony of his eldest step-daughter Ágnes, who confessed to have helped Pándy murder the victims, dismember and partially dissolve the bodies in drain cleaner, and throw any remains in an Anderlecht slaughterhouse's dumpsite. Following Pándy's arrest, the skeletons of seven women and one man were discovered buried in concrete under one of his properties, but they did not belong to his family.

Brazil

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Eliza Samudio Bruno Fernandes da Souza Esmeraldas, Minas Gerais June 9, 2010 March 8, 2013 The convict's former mistress and mother of his illegitimate child, she disappeared after suing him for child support. The child also vanished, but was found in the care of Souza's wife. Souza's cousin and accomplice testified that Souza had dismembered Samudio after abducting and killing her, feeding some parts to his rottweilers and burying the rest in concrete.

Canada

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Elizabeth Bain Robert Baltovich Scarborough, Ontario June 19, 1990 March 31, 1992 The convict's girlfriend, Bain disappeared after telling her mother that she was going to check the tennis schedule on Scarborough campus. On June 22, Bain's car was found with a large bloodstain on the backseat. In his trial, Baltovich claimed his innocence and accused the at the time unidentified Scarborough Rapist of being the real murderer. After new evidence surfaced, Baltovich was granted a retrial and found innocent on April 22, 2008.
Lyle and Marie McCann Travis Vader Edson, Alberta July 3, 2010 September 15, 2016 An elderly couple who disappeared during a road trip; only the charred remains of their motorhome were found. Vader was convicted of second-degree murder after being arrested a second time, having spent four years in jail before the charges were dropped following his first arrest. Testimony at his second trial established that his blood was found mixed with that of the victims in the vehicle; prosecutors theorize that Vader, a meth addict, killed the McCanns in the course of a botched robbery attempt.[4]

France

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Jeanne-Marie and André Cuchet, Thérèse Laborde-Line, Marie-Angélique Gillin, Berthe-Anna Héon, Anne Collomb, Andrée-Anne Babelay, Célestine Buisson, Louis-Joséphine Jaume, Anne-Marie Pascal, Marie-Thérèse Marchadier Henri Désiré Landru Paris January 1915 - January 1919 November 1921 Ten World War I widows and one child who fell prey to the notorious lonely hearts killer. All evidence tying Landru to the victims was documentary. It is believed that he burned the bodies in a kitchen stove.
Pierre Quéméneur Joseph Marie Guillaume Seznec Between Finistère, Brittany and Paris May 25 - 26, 1923 November 4, 1924 Wood merchant vanished during a business trip with the convict. Seznec's heirs continue to claim his innocence.

Germany

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Rudolf Rupp Matthias E., Rupp's wife and two daughters Heinrichsheim, near Neuburg on the Danube, Bavaria October 13, 2001 May 13, 2005 Farmer last seen driving from another home, where he had been drinking. Rupp's family and the boyfriend of one of his daughters were found guilty of his murder despite the absence of any evidence and numerous contradictions in the testimonies of the accussed; the lack of a body was explained as the accussed dismembering and feeding it to the victim's dogs. However, Rupp's car was fished out of the Danube in February 2009, with his body still in the driving seat and no sign of foul play. Another man, Ludwig H., had been charged with stealing Rupp's vehicle.

India

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Chekannur Maulavi V. V. Hamsa Edappal, Kerala July 29, 1993 September 30, 2010 Progressive Islamic cleric abducted by two men in a car, outside his home. Nine other people were also charged but acquitted.

Malaysia

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Datuk Sosilawati Lawiya, Kamaruddin Shamsuddin, Noorhisham Mohamad, Ahmad Kamil Abdul Karim N. Pathmanabhan, T. Thilaiyalagan, R. Kathavarayan Banting, Selangor August 30, 2010 Juy 4, 2011 First murder conviction without a body in Malaysia. A cosmetics millionaire, her driver, banker and lawyer, respectively, went missing at the same time. The victims' blood and wristwatches were found at a farm in nearby Tanjung Sepat, property of local lawyer N. Pathmanabhan. It was determined that two farmhands (Thilaiyalagan and Kathavarayan) had murdered the victims, incinerated them, and thrown the ashes on a river under orders of Pathmanabhan. All three were sentenced to death.[5]

New Zealand

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Ben Smart, Olivia Hope Scott Watson Marlborough Sounds, South Island January 1, 1998 May 1999 A young couple last seen accepting an invitation to sleep in a private vessel by a man, later identified as Scott. He is believed to have disposed of the bodies in the ocean. All efforts to recover the remains were unsuccessful.[6]

Philippines

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Marijoy and Jacqueline Chiong Francisco Juan Larrañaga, six other men Cebu July 16, 1997 February 3, 2004 Daughters of an alleged Cartel member who was due to testify against his boss when they were abducted and never seen again. Authorities maintain that Larrañaga (who was in Quezon City at the time of the crime according to documentary evidence and the testimony of over thirty people) and six others abducted, raped and murdered the sisters, based solely on the word of a burglar who testified in return for immunity, did not know the accused, and was found to have lied about his own criminal record. This witness also claimed that one of the bodies was abandoned in a ditch, but the body found there did not belong to either of the sisters. All seven were sentenced to death, but the sentences were changed to life in prison when the Philippines abolished the death penalty in 2006. Larrañaga, as a dual Spanish-Filipino citizen, was allowed to serve his sentence in Spain from 2009, where he continues to claim his innocence.

Portugal

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Joana Cipriano João and Leonor Cipriano Figueira, Algarve 12 September 2004 2005 An eight-year-old girl last seen walking back to her house after running an errand at a local store. Her mother and uncle, whom she allegedly witnessed having sex, were the first defendants convicted of murder in Portugal without a body, based on their apparent confessions to the crime. Both have protested their innocence and alleged police misconduct; similarities to the disappearance of Madeleine McCann a short distance away in 2007 have been noted.

Spain

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Holy Child of La Guardia Alonso, Lope, García, Juan and Yosef Franco; Benito García, Moshe Abenamías La Guardia, Toledo Province 1475-1487 November 16, 1491 Six conversos and two Jews were arrested by the Spanish Inquisition and confessed under torture to have murdered a Christian child in La Guardia as part of a magic ritual; at least five were burned at an auto de fe in 1491. Because of constant contradictions and legal irregularities, the fact that the child was never named, no body was found, no child disappearance or murder was reported in La Guardia around that time, and obvious similarities with other European blood libels and antisemitic legends, historians agree that neither crime nor child actually existed. It is believed that the process was a sham to incite the expulsion of all Jews from Spain, which was decreed four months later.
José María Grimaldos López Gregorio Valero Contreras, León Sánchez Gastón Osa de la Vega, Cuenca Province August 20, 1910 May 25, 1918 A shepherd from nearby Tresjuncos who disappeared after an animal sale. His family accused local farm wardens Valero and Sánchez, who had a history of bullying Grimaldos, of murdering him to steal the money. The case was at first dismissed due to lack of evidence, but it was reopened in 1913 by a newly appointed examining magistrate, Emilio Isasa Echenique. Under Isasa's watch, Valero and Sánchez were arrested and extrajudicially tortured to make them confess. No body was found and the accused ended up claiming that they had fed it to pigs, then burned and grinded all remains left. Each was sentenced to 18 years in prison. After Grimaldos was found alive in Mira in 1926, the Supreme Court overturned the sentence and started proceedings against those responsible for the 1913 investigation. Isasa could not be judged because of his sudden death, officially attributed to a heart attack but suspected of being a suicide.
Marta del Castillo Casanueva Miguel Carcaño Delgado Seville January 24, 2009 October 17, 2011 A 17-year old girl who disappeared after "going to see friends." Her ex-boyfriend, Miguel Carcaño, was arrested on February 13 and confessed to the murder the next day. However, he soon recanted and produced several different versions of the murder and the fate of the body, which was never found. Carcaño was found guilty due to witness statements and the presence of Castillo's blood in his jacket.

United Kingdom

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
William Harrison John, Richard, and Joan Perry Chipping Campden, England August 16, 1660 Spring 1661 A wealthy 70-year old man last seen walking to Charingworth. After his hat, coat and neckband were found on the side of the road with a sharp cut and sprinkled in blood, his servant John Perry claimed that Perry's own brother and mother had murdered Harrison to rob him, and subsequently dumped the body in a pond. The pond was drained but no body was found. The Perrys then alternated between pleading guilt and innocence, until they were all found guilty and hanged. However, Harrison reappeared in 1662, claiming to have been abducted by Barbary pirates. It has been said that this case caused British courts to not give murder sentences without a body for the next 250 years.
William Moore William Kidd Indian Ocean October 30, 1697 May 23, 1701 Privateer's gunner murdered at sea after making a disrespectful remark to Kidd, his captain.
William, Donald and Amy McSwann; Archibald and Rosalie Henderson, Olive Durand-Deacon John George Haigh London September 9, 1944 - February 19, 1949 August 10, 1949 Victims of con artist and serial killer John George Haigh, who dissolved the bodies in acid under the belief that he couldn't be prosecuted for murder without a corpse; the resulting liquified remains were disposed of in a manhole. There was ample documentary evidence tying him to his victims however, and a search found remains of human fat, three gallstones and a couple of dentures in the vat he had used to dissolve the body of his last victim.
Malika Maria de Fernandez Peter Reyn-Bardt Wilmslow, England June 1961 December 1983 The estranged wife of the convict. When the bog body later known as the Lindow Woman was found in a bog behind his home in 1983, police questioned Reyn-Bardt, whose wife had been missing for over two decades. Reyn-Bardt, also believing that the partial body was that of his wife, admitted to have murdered her when she blackmailed him under threat of revealing his homosexuality. Afterward, he dismembered the body and buried the pieces in a trench leading to the bog. Carbon 14 dating later showed that the body was nearly 1,800 years old. While Malika's own body was not found, the detailed confession was enough to pronounce her husband guilty.[7]
Terence Eve, Robert Brown, George and Terry Brett, Frederick Sherwood, Ronald Andrews John Childs London November 1974 - October 1978 December 4, 1979 The six claimed victims of confessed hitman John Childs, who said he carried the killings on behalf of the other convicted, and that he dismembered and burned the bodies in his apartment's fireplace. No evidence ever existed besides Childs's testimony. Pinfold and MacKenney's convictions were overturned in 2003 after Childs was ruled to be a "pathological liar."
Terry Pinfold, Harry MacKenney November 28, 1980
Robert Nairac Liam Townson Dromintee, Northern Ireland May 14, 1977 November 1977 British Army Captain murdered by the IRA during the course of an undercover operation.
Gerard Fearon, Thomas Morgan 1978
Mark Tildesley Leslie Bailey Wokingham, England June 1, 1984 December 9, 1992 A seven-year-old boy who disappeared while visiting a funfair in Wokingham, Berkshire. He was lured away from the fair and his bicycle was found chained to railings nearby.[8] In 1990 it emerged that Mark had been abducted, drugged, tortured, raped and murdered by a London-based paedophile gang on the night he disappeared.[8][9]
Helen McCourt Ian Simms Billinge, England February 9, 1988 March 1989 A 22-year old woman last seen walking towards the pub owned by the convict, who had previously made rejected advances on her, and had also banned her from the pub after she had an argument with another patron. Forensic evidence included McCourt's blood found in Simms's car; a plastic binfold left by a river, that contained McCourts's clothes, hair and a flex with toothmarks that were matched to one of Simms's dogs; and a set of clothes and two towels, property of Simms and sprinkled with McCourt's blood, that were found abandoned near the Manchester Ship Canal.
Arlene Fraser Nat Fraser Elgin, Scotland April 28, 1998 January 29, 2003, May 30, 2012 A woman murdered by her husband, who maintains innocence of the crime. He was given a new trial in 2012, but he was convicted.[10]
Danielle Jones Stuart Campbell East Tilbury, England June 18, 2001 December 19, 2002 The convict's niece, disappeared while walking to a bus stop. A pair of stockings with blood from both Jones and Campbell, and lip gloss used by Jones were found in Campbell's apartment. In addition, Campbell claimed to have received a text message from Jones after she disappeared, but it didn't match Jones's texting style, and Mobile Switching Center records showed that both Campbell's and Jones's cell phones were in the same place when the message was sent.[11]
Suzanne Pilley David Gilroy Edinburgh, Scotland May 4, 2010 March 15, 2012 A woman believed to have been murdered by her ex-boyfriend.[12]
April Jones Mark Bridger Machynlleth, Wales October 1, 2012 May 30, 2013 A girl murdered in 2012. The convict stated he had deposited the body in both the Afon Dulas and River Dovey, although authorities presume the remains are near the man's home.[13][14]

United States

Victim(s) Convicted Location Disappeared Conviction date Description
Priscilla Rulloff Edward H. Rulloff Lansing, New York June 23, 1844 1858 The convict's infant daughter, disappeared along with her mother. Rulloff was suspected of murdering both, but he was only tried and sentenced to ten years for the kidnapping of his wife. Upon his release in 1856, he was charged, tried and convicted for the murder of his daughter, but he escaped and was acquitted on appeal in 1859. Rulloff was hanged for an unrelated murder in 1870.
Grace Budd Albert Fish New York City May 28, 1928 March 1935 A nine-year old girl abducted by Fish after he lied to her parents about taking her to another child's birthday party. In a 1934 letter to Budd's mother, Fish claimed that he killed the girl on June 3 and ate her whole body over the course of nine days.
Evelyn Scott Robert Leonard Ewing Scott Los Angeles May 16, 1955 1957 The convict's wife. The crime was believed to have been motivated by money. Scott's conviction was overturned in 1978.[15]
Rosemary Calandriello Robert Zarinsky Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey August 25, 1969 1975 A teenage girl believed to have been abducted and murdered by a truck driver. Zarinksy, a suspected serial killer, denied knowing the victim until after his conviction, claiming her death was an accident. He died in 2008, never having disclosed the location of her body. It was the first-ever bodyless-murder conviction in New Jersey.[16][17]
Donald Shea Charles Manson, Bruce M. Davis, Steve "Clem" Grogan, Tex Watson Chatsworth, California August 26, 1969 December 13, 1971 Spahn Ranch foreman murdered by the Manson Family because they believed he had turned them to the police. Grogan helped locate Shea's remains in 1977.
Mary Kitts Clarence Ray Allen, Eugene "Lee" Furrow[18] Fresno, California July 1974 November 1977 A teenager murdered in 1974. Her body was apparently weighed down and thrown into a river.[19]
Melvin "Ricky" Pittman, Ernest Taylor, Alvin Turner, Randy Johnson and Michael McDowell Philander Hampton Newark, New Jersey August 20, 1978 August 2011 Five teenagers who were presumably lured by at least one subject who was convicted. One suspect was eventually acquitted, and one other had died.[20]
Etan Patz Pedro Hernandez New York City May 25, 1979 February 14, 2017 A boy abducted in 1979. He was the first child to appear on milk cartons. Patz was never located.[21]
Karen and Michael Reinert Bill Bradfield Philadelphia June 22, 1979 1983 Brother and sister who vanished along with their mother, Susan Reinert, after she received a phone call from Bradfield. Susan's body was found three days later in the trunk of her car, which had been abandoned in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, but the children never appeared. Bradfield, who was Susan's lover and the sole beneficiary of her life insurance, was convicted of conspiracy to commit murder and died in prison in 1998. Smith, the principal at the high school where both Bradfield and Susan Reinert were teachers, was found guilty of carrying out the murders and sentenced to death, but the sentence was overturned by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court due to prosecutorial misconduct.[22][23][24]
Jay C. Smith 1986
Lucinda Schaefer, Andrea Hall Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris Glendora, California June - July, 1979 February, 1981 First victims of serial killers Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris, who kidnapped, raped, tortured, and murdered a total of five teenage girls in California in 1979. Although the bodies of Schaefer and Hall were never found, Norris confessed that he and Bittaker had murdered them. In 1981, Bittaker was sentenced to death, while Norris was sentenced to life in prison.
Paula Godfrey, Lisa Stasi, Catherine Clampitt John Edward Robinson Kansas City, Missouri 1984 - 1987 2002 - October 2003 All disappeared after being offered jobs by the convict. The conviction for Stasi's murder was overturned on a technicality.
Gail Katz-Bierenbaum Robert Bierenbaum New York City July 7, 1985 October 2000 The convict's wife. It is believed that the body was deposited in the ocean off of the coast of New Jersey, where he reportedly had flown a plane.[25]
Michelle Dorr Hadden Clark Silver Spring, Maryland May 24, 1986 1999 A six-year old girl who disappeared from her father's backyard while he was taking a nap. The father confessed to the murder in a psychotic episode, but was later exonerated. The real murderer was serial killer Hadden Clark, who offered to disclose the body's location as part of a plea deal. Though this deal was not made, Clark still showed police where to find Dorr's body, after his conviction.[26]
Helle Crafts Richard Crafts Newton, Connecticut November 19, 1986 November 21, 1989 A Danish-American woman murdered by her husband, in a case popularly known as the "wood-chipper murder". It is believed Crafts had been beaten to death and was then dismembered, frozen and placed in a wood chipper aimed over a bridge. Fragments of a body were found, yet only a tooth with a filling as well as hair consistent with the victim's indicated the body was Crafts'. Despite this, the case is often referred to as a conviction without a body, as the remains could not be definitively proven to be that of Crafts. It was the first bodyless murder conviction in Connecticut history.[27][28] Initially, a trial in 1987 was mistrialed.[19]
James Doxtator, Richard Guerrero, Edward Smith, David Thomas Jeffrey Dahmer Various January 16, 1988 - September 24, 1990 February 15 - May 22, 1992 The bodies were dismembered and taken out with the trash, pulverized and scattered in the woods, or dissolved in acid.
Kiplyn Davis Timmy Brent Olsen Spanish Fork, Utah May 2, 1995 February 11, 2011 15-year old girl last seen taking lunch at Spanish Fork High School, which she attended. Though Olsen pled guilty to her manslaughter, he claimed that it was other person who killed her with a rock, and that he only helped conceal the body. However, he refuses to reveal the other person's identity or the body's location.
Diane van Reeth John "Jack" Kalhauser Arizona August 10, 1995[29] 1999 The wife of the convict, a serial killer.
Justina Morales Luis Santiago New York City December 31, 1995 1997 The abused eight-year old daughter of the convict's girlfriend. Her disappearance wasn't reported nor investigated until more than a year after her death.
Robert Wykel Myron C. Wynn Burien, Washington February 21, 1996 April 2011 A man murdered and robbed by someone who had accompanied him to look at an old car he was considering purchasing. Wynn consistently changed his account of the time he spent with Wykel whenever he was confronted with new information; police later linked him to the crime through a distinctive diamond very similar to one from a ring Wykel wore and an incriminating remark he made to a friend that contradicted what he had earlier told police.[30]
Anne Marie Fahey Thomas Capano Philadelphia June 27, 1996 January 17, 1999 A woman murdered by her lover, the former attorney general of Delaware, after she was last seen dining with him outside their native state. It is believed that her body was dumped in the ocean near New Jersey.[31] Capano was having an affair with the victim prior to her murder.[19]
Janet Levine March Perry March, Arthur March Nashville, Tennessee August 15, 1996 August 16, 2006 A woman who disappeared after supposedly having an argument with her husband, who moved to Mexico with their children several years later. Perry was convicted after ten years due to inconsistencies in his story and incriminating statements made to fellow jail inmates. Arthur March, his father, confessed to placing Janet's body in a pile of cleared brush where it was burned.[32]
Irene Silverman Kenneth and Sante Kimes New York City June 1998 2000 A woman killed by a mother-son con artist team as part of an identity-theft scheme. At trial he testified to disposing of her body.
Katie Poirier Donald Blom Moose Lake, Minnesota May 26, 1999 2000 A woman abducted from her job at a local convenience store. Bone chips and a tooth found in a fire pit on Blom's property were linked to her, although DNA could not be tested; surveillance video also suggested he was the abductor. It was the first bodyless murder conviction in Minnesota history.[33]
Girly Chew Hossencofft Diazien Hossencofft, Linda Henning Albuquerque, New Mexico September 9, 1999 2002 A Malaysian-American woman murdered by her husband and his mistress. Blood matched to the victim was in a large quantity which proved she could not have survived the attack.[34]
Logan Tucker Katherine Rutan Woodward, Oklahoma June 23, 2002 2007 A six-year-old boy who vanished in 2002. His mother was eventually convicted of his death.[35]
Thomas Hawks, Jackie Hawks Skylar Julius Deleon, Jennifer Henderson, John Kennedy, Alonso Machain Prescott, Arizona November 15, 2004 November 17, 2006 – May 1, 2009 A couple believed to have been murdered for monetary reasons. Their bodies are believed to have been thrown into the body of water on which their vessel was traveling.[19][36]
Nina Reiser Hans Reiser Oakland, California September 3, 2006 April 28, 2008 The convict's wife.[37] He was given a reduced charge of second degree murder in exchange for disclosing the location of the victim's remains, which were recovered in 2008.[38]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Reference Under s.433A of the Criminal Code by the Attorney-General for the Northern Territory of Australia of Convictions of Alice Lynne Chamberlain and Michael Leigh Chamberlain No. CA2 of 1988 Courts and Judges – Criminal Law – Statute [1988] NTSC 64". AustLII. 15 September 1988. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  2. ↑ Morton, James (2005), Gangland. The Contract Killers, Sphere, London, p.327. ISBN 0-7515-3609-1
  3. ↑ "Outback murder trial begins". The Sydney Morning Herald. October 17, 2005. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  4. ↑ Blais, Tony (September 15, 2016). "Bret McCann says justice served with Travis Vader second-degree murder conviction". Edmonton Journal. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  5. ↑ http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/03/17/conviction-for-sosilawatis-murder-upheld-three-to-hang-one-walks-free/
  6. ↑ "Murder, they said". The Listener (January 5–11, 2008 Vol 212 No 3530)
  7. ↑ "Ancient Skull Leads Man to Confess to Wife's Murder". The Courier. 14 December 1983. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  8. 1 2 "Cooke: The predatory paedophile". BBC News. 17 December 1999. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  9. ↑ "Paedophile gets life for killing boy, 7, at orgy: Homosexual ring abducted children and drugged them for group sex". The Independent. 23 October 1992. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  10. ↑ Robertson, John; Smoth, Claire (31 May 2012). "Arlene Fraser trial: Family fear Nat Fraser will prolong legal battle". The Scotsman. Johnston PRess. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  11. ↑ "High Court setting of minimum terms for mandatory life sentences under the Criminal Justice Act 2003". Her Majesty's Courts Service. 9 December 2005. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  12. ↑ "Suzanne Pilley: Father hopes to find her body". BBC News. 17 April 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  13. ↑ Malone, Sam (30 May 2013). "Mark Bridger sentenced for life for murder of April Jones". Wales Online. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  14. ↑ Sam Malone (30 May 2013). "April Jones murder: Mark Bridger told prison chaplain he dumped body in river". Wales Online. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  15. ↑ "Case File 2476DFCA". doenetwork.org. The Doe Network. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  16. ↑ "Case File 2422DFNJ". doenetwork.org. The Doe Network. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  17. ↑ "Rosemary K. Calandriello". The Charley Project. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  18. ↑ "Mary Sue Kitts". The Charley Project. October 8, 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Dibiase, Thomas A; Moore, Paula; Smith, Alexander; Good, Meaghan; Banic, Steve. ""No-body" Murder Trials in the United States" (PDF). nobodmurderycases.com. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  20. ↑ Dorell, Oren (2010-03-24). "Two arrested in case of teens missing since '78". Usatoday.Com. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
  21. ↑ Peltz, Jennifer; Long, Colleen (14 February 2017). "Man convicted of killing Etan Patz, boy missing since 1979". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  22. ↑ https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7707739
  23. ↑ https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7707755
  24. ↑ https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8150150
  25. ↑ Robinson, Bryan (11 September 2000). "A-Z Guide to Murder Cases Without a Body". ABC News Go. ABC. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  26. ↑ Dowling, Paul, and Vince Sherry, prods. "Dressed to Kill." Forensic Files. Dir. Vince Ellis and Michael Jordan. TruTV. 29 March 2003. Television.
  27. ↑ "Sentence". The New York Times. 1990-01-09. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  28. ↑ Stapley, Garth. "No-body murder cases often reach jury some win". The Modesto Bee. Retrieved 14 July 2015.
  29. ↑ http://www.charleyproject.org/cases/v/vanreeth_diane.html
  30. ↑ Clarridge, Christine (May 13, 2011). "Texas man sentenced to 20 years for murder". Seattle Times. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
  31. ↑ Barrish, Chris (September 19, 2011). "Tom Capano found dead in prison cell". Delaware Online. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  32. ↑ "Janet Gail Levine March". The Charley Project. 12 October 2004. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
  33. ↑ Robinson, Bryan (September 11, 2000). "A-Z Guide to Murder Cases Without a Body". ABC News. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
  34. ↑ "Alien Love Queen: Desert Murder Mystery". poeticjustice.com. 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  35. ↑ "Arrest made in Tucker case: Mother charged with first-degree murder of six-year-old son". Woodward News. 25 February 2006. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
  36. ↑ "Skylar Deleon gets death sentence in Newport Beach yacht murders". latimes.com. April 10, 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  37. ↑ Lee, Henry K. (October 10, 2006). "Husband of missing Oakland mom arrested on suspicion of murder". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  38. ↑ Lee, Henry K. (2008-08-29). "Reiser confesses to strangling estranged wife". SFGate. p. B-1. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
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