Alexei Turchaninov

Turchaninov's marble gravestone at the Lazarev Cemetery (in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra).

Alexei Fedorovich Turchaninov, née Vasilyev (Russian: Алексей Фёдорович Турчанинов; 1704/1705–March 21, 1787) was a business magnate in the Russian Empire, grandfather of Pavel and Dmitry Solomirsky, the member of the wealthy Turchaninov family.

Biography

Alexei Vasilyev served the Turchaninov family since childhood. His origin is unknown. He proved himself a capable salesman and eventually got more important tasks to perform. In 1737 he married the daughter of Michail Turchaninov, Fedosya, and took his wife's surname.[1] He took control of their fortune when he as about 20 years old. He placed high emphasis on metallurgy at the Troitsky Copper Smelting Plant, constantly seeking to improve the product quality.[1]

Alexei Turchaninov's heron on the coat of arms of Sysert.

He supplied high-quality copper cookware to the court and gained favour with the Empress Elizabeth. In 1758 he used his connections at the court and became the owner of the three plants in the Ural region. He was permitted to purchase the Gumyoshevsky mine along with the Polevskoy Copper Smelting Plant, Seversky Pipe Plant and Sysertsky Plant for 145,5 thousand rubles. These factories represented the so-called Sysert Mining District (Russian: Сысертский горнозаводской округ, tr. Sysertskij gornozavodskoj okrug). They were extremely profitable.[2]

Turchaninov reorganized the production process and changed the focus from producing metal only to making other products, such as flat iron, roofing iron, household items and so on. The Mining Commission that supervised the plants in 1766 was very satisfied with the result. They said in their report that Turchaninov multiplied the performance capabilities of the plants.

Turchaninov engaged in philanthropy. He was known for caring about his workers. He ordered to give away timber, poles, firewood to local populace for free. Once a year the workers had a month's holiday, fully paid. Medicines, health care and schooling were free as well. Turchaninov built the zoo, the botanical garden, two museums, and the library in Sysert. He founded several settlements in the Ural region.[1] He started the mining of malachite and managed to create a high demand for the product.

During Pugachev's Rebellion (1773—1775) he organized the defences and led the people himself. Turchaninov managed to repel all the attacks by the rebel forces, preventing them from advancing further to Yekaterinburg. Mostly due to these acts of bravery Catherine the Great granted him nobility in 1783.[3] His new coat of arms included "a silver heron holding a stone". The image of a heron was used as a brand of the metallurgical plants in the Sysert Mining District till the 20th century.

Children

In 1763 Turchaninov's first wife Fedosya died, leaving him with no heirs. He remarried Filatseta Stepanovna, a woman of common birth. They had 8 children together.[1]

The 1777 portraits of Alexey and Pyotr Turchaninov.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alexey Turchaninov's tombstone (Martos).
  1. 1 2 3 4 Irina Mudrova, ed. (2015). "Turchaninov Alexei Fedorovich". Русские предприниматели. Двигатели прогресса (in Russian). Litres. ISBN 9785457875951.
  2. Prikazchikova, Yelena (2003). "Kamennaja sila mednykh gor Urala" Каменная сила медных гор Урала [The Stone Force of The Ural Copper Mountains] (PDF). Izvestiya of the Ural State University (in Russian). The Ural State University. 28: 12.
  3. The Union of Soviet Writers (1991). "Alexei Turchaninov". Ural (in Russian). Sverdlovsk Publishing House. 6–8: 156.
  4. "Pyotr Alekseyevich Turchaninov" (in Russian). Geni.com. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  5. "Alexander Alekseyevich Turchaninov" (in Russian). Geni.com. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  6. "Natalya Alekseyevna Koltovskaya" (in Russian). Geni.com. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
  7. "Yelizaveta Alekseyevna Titova" (in Russian). Geni.com. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
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