Alexander Croke

Sir Alexander Croke by Robert Field

Sir Alexander Croke (July 22, 1758 – December 27, 1842) was a British judge, Colonial Administrator and author influential in Nova Scotia of the early nineteenth century.

Croke came from a wealthy family and attended Oriel College, Oxford, where he earned the degree of Doctor of Civil Law. Practicing maritime law, he earned a strong enough reputation for his work that in 1801 he was offered his choice of appointments to the newly established vice-admiralty courts in Nova Scotia or the West Indies.

Croke's bench in Nova Scotia had considerable jurisdiction; over all maritime cases in a colony based largely on fishing and where smuggling was commonplace. Since the population and the Assembly was highly sympathetic to smuggling, the court, which denied jury trials to the accused was unpopular. During the War of 1812, the ever-conservative Croke even found guilty merchants who had been granted licences by colonial authorities to engage in the slave trade with New England, on the grounds that he could not support an illegal policy.

As the highest-ranking justice, Croke administered the colony while the lieutenant governor was away, from 6 Dec. 1808 to 15 April 1809 and again from 25 August to 16 Oct. 1811. His administration was marked with conflict with the Assembly, whose budget he vetoed.

Croke influenced the development of educational institutions in Nova Scotia. He was on the first board of King's College and was primarily responsible for drafting its statutes, which required students to subscribe to the Anglican faith (as only a quarter of Nova Scotians did). When a strong movement to establish inter-denominational education appeared a few years later, Croke was among its most vocal opponents.

Croke published works of satirical poetry (which exacerbated his unpopularity in certain circles), a book on the genealogy of his family, and many letters.

He left Nova Scotia in 1815 and was knighted on July 5, 1816.

See also

• List of lieutenant governors of Nova Scotia
• Decline of Slavery in Nova Scotia

References

• Carol Anne Janzen, Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, 2000

Lieutenant Governors of Nova Scotia
Post-Confederation (1867–present)	Williams Doyle Howe Archibald Richey McLelan Daly Jones D. Fraser McGregor MacKeen M. Grant Douglas Tory Stanfield Covert Irwin Mathers Kendall McCurdy A. Fraser Plow MacKeen Oland Gosse Shaffner Abraham Crouse Kinley Freeman Francis J. Grant LeBlanc
Lieutenant-Governors before Confederation (1786–1867)	Parr Bulkeley Wentworth Prévost (Croke) Sherbrooke Smyth Dalhousie Kempt Jeffrey Maitland Jeffrey C. Campbell Falkland Dickson Harvey Bazalgette Le Marchant Phipps Doyle MacDonnell Williams
Lieutenant-Governors of Cape Breton Island (1784–1820)	Desbarres Macarmick Mathews Ogilvie Murray Despard Nepean Swayne Ainslie
Governors before Confederation (1710–86)	Vetch Nicholson Caulfeild Vetch Caulfeild Philipps Doucett Armstrong Cosby Mascarene Cornwallis Hopson Lawrence Ellis Belcher Wilmot W. Campbell Green Francklin Legge Francklin Arbuthnot Hughes Hamond Parr
Lieutenant-Governors who served in the absence of Governors are listed in parentheses. Acting administrators are listed in italics.