Albas, Aude

Albas

Commune

Coat of arms

Albas

Location within Occitanie region

Albas

Coordinates: 43°00′25″N 2°44′06″E / 43.0069°N 2.735°ECoordinates: 43°00′25″N 2°44′06″E / 43.0069°N 2.735°E

Country

Région Lézignanaise Corbières Minervois

Government

• Mayor (2014-2020)

Jean-Claude Montlaur

Area¹

22.69 km² (8.76 sq mi)

Population (2014)²

• Density

3.3/km² (8.7/sq mi)

Time zone

CET (UTC+1)

• Summer (DST)

CEST (UTC+2)

INSEE/Postal code

11006 /11360

Elevation

189–533 m (620–1,749 ft)
(avg. 343 m or 1,125 ft)

¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

² Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Albas (Albàs in Occitan) is a commune in the Aude department in the Occitanie region of southern France.

The inhabitants of the commune are known as Albassiens or Albassiennes^[1]

Geography

Location

Albas is located some 50 km south-east of Carcassonne and 25 km west of Port-la-Nouvelle. It can be accessed from the east by road D40 which runs north-west from Durban-Corbieres then turns left to enter the commune from the east. The D40 continues west to the town of Albas then continues to the west through the heart of the commune and on to Villerouge-Termenès. The commune can also be accessed from Cascastel-des-Corbieres in the south-east by road D106 which runs north-west to the town of Albas. There are numerous countries roads criss-crossing the commune. The landscape is unusual with farmland along the east-west central axis of the commune but most of the commune is forested hills.^[2]

The village is built at an average altitude 270 metres, the town hall is 250m above sea level. There are no other villages or hamlets in the commune.

There are numerous streams densely covering the commune. Those in the north flow north to the Nielle river which eventually flows to the Orbieu which joins the Aude near Saint-Nazaire-d'Aude. Those in the south flow south to the Berre river which flows to the sea.^[2]

Geology

The commune is in the Corbières mountains at the foot of Mount Tauch in the Corbières AOC.

The Albas sedimentary series has been the subject of numerous geological studies as the different layers extend from the Mesozoic to Quaternary periods and dinosaur fossil eggs have been found. The landscape varies from Garrigue or scrubland to Holly Oak forests.

Neighbouring communes and towns^[2]

Adjacent places of Albas, Aude

Villeseque-des-Corbieres

Albas

Maisons

Cascastel-des-Corbières

Durban-Corbieres

History

Dating from the late Iron Age, there is on the "Roc de Carla" a modest oppidum. Extraction of Iron Ore was being done in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. The Romans named the place ALBARES probably because of the silver poplar leaves they found in the vicinity of the present village.

In a deed from the year 963 concerning donations from the nearby village of Fontjoncouse at Aymeric, the Archbishop of Narbonne, wrote the words VILLA ALBARES (ALBAS). In 1196, the Viscountess Ermengarde of Narbonne donated in her will the castrum or "fortified place" of ALBAS to a military order. His nephew Pierre de Lara, however, would not give any part of Albas to the Templars or the Hospitallers orders. A Commander Saint Jean is mentioned at Albas in 1243. In 1226, Guillaume de Laroque de Carcassonne sold his possessions at Albas to the Abbey of Lagrasse. In the course of the 13th century, the Count of Foix was Lord then, in 1271, Aymeric, Viscount of Narbonne became the rightful lord of the Castrum of Albaribus Ferreriarum (the Albas Iron Mines).

The church is dedicated to Saint Paul, who evangelised in Narbonne.

In 1503 Jean de Cascastel of a neighbouring village was cited as lord. In 1523, Jean of Narbonne was said to hold the lordship of Albas from the King. During this century, Rogier de Lubes, Bailiff of Albas, organized an intercommunal association to defend the interests of the people ruined by the Franco-Spanish wars. The village built of adobe was destroyed and the residents resettled in the castrum.

In 1576, the Parliament of Toulouse distributed the property of the Bellisens family and Albas went to Pons Thomas Joseph Davisard. In the 17th century, Cardinal Richelieu decided to reclaim the Roussillon and Narbonne became a stronghold at the disposal of the French. In an order dated 6 May 1642, Louis XII put Albas on the list of localities dependent on Narbonne. At the beginning of the 18th century, Albas was part of the barony of Talairan and came under the spiritual authority of the Order of Malta. This is why the current crest of Albas is a white Maltese cross on red background.

During the Revolution, the property of the Davisard family was confiscated and the Albas Iron Works became a commune. In 1830, the farming of Garouille (a dwarf oak that provided vermilion dye) and charcoal production was the main economic activity of Albas, with alfalfa and livestock (goats for milk, sheep for meat, mules for travel). The iron mining which merely collected the unrefined ore (ferrières) in the Middle Ages gave way at the beginning of the 20th century to mining on the Lacamp plateau. Iron was carried by trolleys and the small railway linking Durban to Tuchan until 1930. The railway was abandoned in favour of the first trucks then the mines became too expensive to operate and they were abandoned in 1930. The mine shafts were closed and only a few insiders knew how to get in by entering discrete tunnels. The remains of a pink marble quarry can be seen on the road to Cascastel near the village.

Heraldry

	Blazon: Gules, a cross of Malta argent bordure Or.

Administration

The Town Hall

List of Successive Mayors of Albas^[3]

From	To	Name	Party	Position
2001	2020	Jean-Claude Montlaur	PS

(Not all data is known)

Demography

In 2010, the commune had 74 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.^{[Note 1]}

Population change (See database)

1793	1800	1806	1821	1831	1836	1841	1846	1851
197	210	241	296	346	391	387	357	328

1856	1861	1866	1872	1876	1881	1886	1891	1896
269	274	240	243	228	269	231	191	184

1901	1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954
170	164	174	153	136	175	161	125	112

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2009	2010
88	72	59	72	70	59	79	76	74

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Population: Winemakers, Animal husbandry, masons, retired from various countries of Europe, summer holiday families.

Economy

Two flocks of sheep have opened an alternative to wine which was the dominant activity of the 20th century.

At the end of the 19th century the village had 600 residents, a school, and three priests lived in the capélagne (Rectory). Before the vinesyards Cereals were grown and lucerne from Albas was renowned.

Notable People linked to the commune

Regis Barailla is a politician and a member of the Socialist party, general counsel for Aude, and a member from the second electoral district of Aude
Alain Montlaur was born on 27 March 1950 in Albas. A Rugby player. Champion of France in rugby in 1979 with Narbonne and finalist in 1974. A Flanker (1.83 m tall and 84 kg).

Notes and references

Notes

↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine., the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" which allow, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.

References

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Communes of the Aude department

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Albas, Aude