Albany, Georgia

Albany, Georgia
City

The Albany Government Center

Seal
Nickname(s): The Good Life City, The Artesian City, Egypt Of America
Motto: "There's only one Albany, Georgia"

Location in Dougherty County and Georgia
Coordinates: 31°34′56″N 84°9′56″W / 31.58222°N 84.16556°W / 31.58222; -84.16556Coordinates: 31°34′56″N 84°9′56″W / 31.58222°N 84.16556°W / 31.58222; -84.16556
Country United States
State Georgia
County Dougherty
Incorporated (city) December 27, 1838
Government
 • Mayor Dorothy Hubbard
Area
 • City 55.9 sq mi (144.7 km2)
 • Land 55.5 sq mi (144.8 km2)
 • Water 0.3 sq mi (0.9 km2)
Elevation 203 ft (62 m)
Population (2010)[1]
 • City 77,434
 • Estimate (2016)[2] 73,801
 • Density 1,386/sq mi (535.0/km2)
 • Urban 77,434
 • Metro 157,308 (US: 258th)
Demonym(s) Albanian
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code(s) 31701, 31705, 31707, 31721, 31763
Area code(s) 229
FIPS code 13-01052[3]
GNIS feature ID 0310424[4]
Website albany.ga.us

Albany is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia, and is the seat of Dougherty County. Located in southwest Georgia,[5] it is the principal city of the Albany, Georgia metropolitan area. The population was 77,434 at the 2010 U.S. Census, making it the eighth-largest city in the state.[1]

History

The area where Albany is located was formerly inhabited by the Creek Indians, who called it Thronateeska after their word for "flint" because of the mineral flint that was found near the river.[6] The Creeks used this flintstone to make tools and weapons such as arrowheads.

Nelson Tift (1810-1891), the founder of Albany

American settlement began with Nelson Tift, from Groton, Connecticut, who took land along the Flint River in October 1836 after Indian removal. The Creek were forced to relocate to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. Tift named his new town Albany after the capital of New York; both were located at the navigable heads of rivers. Alexander Shotwell laid out the town in 1836. It was incorporated as a city by an act of the General Assembly of Georgia on December 27, 1838.[7]

Tift for decades was the city's leading entrepreneur. An ardent booster, he promoted education, business, and railroad construction. During the Civil War he provided naval supplies and helped build two ships. He opposed Radical Reconstruction inside the state and in Congress, and was scornful of the Yankee carpetbaggers who came in. John Fair concludes that Tift became "more Southern than many natives." His pro-slavery attitudes before the war and his support for segregation afterward made him compatible with Georgia's white elite.[8]

The area was developed by planters using slave labor for clearing land and cotton cultivation. By 1840, Dougherty County's majority population was black, composed overwhelmingly of slaves. The market center for cotton plantations, Albany was in a prime location for shipping cotton to markets by steamboats on the river. In 1858, Tift hired Horace King, a former slave and bridge builder, to construct a toll bridge over the river. King's bridge toll house still stands.

Already important as a shipping port, Albany later became an important railroad hub in southwestern Georgia. Seven lines were constructed to the town. An exhibit on trains is located at the Thronateeska Heritage Center in the former railroad station.

While integral to the economic life of the town, the Flint River has flooded regularly. There was extensive property damage in 1841 and 1925. Some late twentieth-century floods were extreme. In 1994, a severe flood was caused by rainfall from Tropical Storm Alberto; it killed 14 people and displaced 22,000. The state supported a $150 million renovation of the Albany State University campus to repair storm damage and accomplish upgrades. New housing was built on the south side of town to replace what had been destroyed. In 1998, the Flint River crested at 35 feet (11 m) above its bed and flooded parts of the city.

Because of flooding, the city has decided against redeveloping areas along the riverfront floodplain for commercial or residential purposes. It is being improved for other uses, with a riverfront walkway and a new aquarium built over a tributary creek.

On February 10, 1940, a severe tornado hit Albany, killing eighteen people and causing large-scale damage.

On April 11, 1906, the Carnegie Library, created by matching funds from the philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, was opened downtown. Originally a segregated facility under Jim Crow laws, it was not open to African Americans until after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It functioned as a library through 1985. In 1992, after renovation, the building was reopened as the headquarters of the Albany Area Arts Council.

In 1912, the downtown U.S. Post Office and Courthouse building opened. Other federal projects have been important to the city and region. In 1937, Chehaw Park was constructed as a part of a New Deal program under the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression.

Major changes came with the expansion of military facilities in the city. A U.S. Army Air Corps training base was built near Albany on land owned by the city and leased to the Air Corps for $1 a year. Construction of the base and airfield by the Army Corps of Engineers began on March 25, 1941. The airfield was temporarily deactivated after World War II between August 15, 1946, and September 1, 1947.

After the beginning of the Cold War and the founding of the U.S. Air Force in late 1947, the airfield was reactivated and upgraded with runways for a U.S. Air Force base. It was named Turner Air Force Base. The Air Force used this base for heavy bomber jets, such as the B-52 Stratofortress. A number of other Air Force units were also housed at this base. [9] Among them were the 1370th Photomapping Group,[10] and refueling and maintenance functions.

In 1951, the U.S. Marine Corps established a logistics base on the eastern outskirts of Albany. During the 1950s and 1960s, so many white servicemen and associated workers arrived that the town briefly became majority white for the first time since 1870. In 1960, the population of Albany reached 50,000 people.

In 1961–1962, African Americans in Albany played a prominent role in the Civil Rights Movement (see the Albany Movement). They led protests and non-violent demonstrations to end segregation of public facilities, gain the ability to vote, and restore their dignity. Assisted by activists from SCLC, CORE, SNCC, and the NAACP, African Americans and supporters took a stand to fight segregation through nonviolence. The city repealed its Jim Crow laws in 1963, but it took federal legislation to secure the franchise.

In 1967, the Air Force closed all its operations at the base, which was transferred to the U.S. Navy and renamed Naval Air Station Albany. NAS Albany was used as the shore base of nearly all the Navy's RA-5C Vigilante twin-jet, carrier-based reconnaissance aircraft. The base was closed and the property was returned to the city in 1974.

In 1979, the Miller Brewing Company purchased part of the old naval base's property to build a new brewery.[11]

The decline in military bases and railroad restructuring led to job losses. Much of the remaining white population moved to suburbs and newer housing out of the city, which became majority African American in the 1970s. Struggling with a poor economy, in 1988, Albany made national headlines as the "Murder Capital of America," with the highest murder rate per capita in the United States. Other cities have since taken that title.

2017 tornado

During the mid afternoon of January 22, 2017, a large, violent tornado passed through the area again, claiming four lives and destroying mobile home parks in the process.

Geography

Albany is located at (31.582273, −84.165557).[12] It lies in a belt of historically rich farmland in the East Gulf coastal plain, on the banks of the Flint River.

Topography

Albany lies in the Upper Coastal Plain of Georgia.[13]

Location

Albany is located in southwestern Georgia, 78 mi (126 km) southeast of Columbus, 151 mi (243 km) south of Atlanta, 45 miles south of Americus, 93 mi (150 km) southwest of Macon, 39 mi (63 km) west of Tifton, 73 mi (117 km) northwest of Valdosta, 88 miles north of Tallahassee, Florida, 70 miles east of Eufaula, Alabama, and 84 miles east of Dothan, Alabama.

Tree canopy

As of 2010, the City of Albany had been a member of the Arbor Day Foundation's Tree City USA Program for 23 years.[14] Tree-lined streets are common, with large, mature oaks and other native trees. The city has a Tree Ordinance[15] and a certified arborist on staff.[16]

Parks, gardens, and trails

Parks

The new archway over Oglethorpe Boulevard at Front Street welcomes visitors to downtown Albany.

The City of Albany's Recreation and Parks Department provides a diverse and comprehensive system of 77 park facilities throughout the City of Albany, including the following:

[17]

Gardens

Albany's Garden Club was established in 1996 and is located on the northeast side of Hillsman Park in the Palmyra Heights neighborhood.[18]

Trails

Albany's Riverfront Trail is a 3.1-mile (5.0 km) paved trail along the Flint River that connects Riverfront Park in downtown Albany to the Cox Landing Boat Ramp in northeast Albany, near Chehaw Park. The Oxford Environmental Park Nature Trail is an offshoot of the trail, which provides information about the ecological features of the area.[19]

Shopping

Albany Mall opened in 1976.

Transportation

U.S. Route 19 and U.S. Route 82 are the major thoroughfares through the city. The two join together north of the city for a short freeway known as the Liberty Expressway. Other major highways that run through the city include Georgia State Route 91, Georgia State Route 133, Georgia State Route 234, and Georgia State Route 520.

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Albany has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[20] Albany receives well above the national average amount of precipitation. Much of this comes in the form of heavy showers and thunderstorms. According to "Cities Ranked and Rated" (Bert Sperling and Peter Sander), Albany reports thunder on 86 days per year. This is more than twice the national average.

Climate data for Albany, Georgia
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 83
(28)		 86
(30)		 93
(34)		 97
(36)		 102
(39)		 106
(41)		 107
(42)		 104
(40)		 106
(41)		 99
(37)		 97
(36)		 85
(29)		 107
(42)
Average high °F (°C) 60
(16)		 65
(18)		 72
(22)		 78
(26)		 85
(29)		 90
(32)		 93
(34)		 92
(33)		 88
(31)		 80
(27)		 71
(22)		 63
(17)		 78.1
(25.6)
Average low °F (°C) 35
(2)		 38
(3)		 45
(7)		 50
(10)		 59
(15)		 67
(19)		 70
(21)		 70
(21)		 65
(18)		 52
(11)		 44
(7)		 38
(3)		 52.8
(11.4)
Record low °F (°C) 1
(−17)		 11
(−12)		 10
(−12)		 27
(−3)		 39
(4)		 46
(8)		 57
(14)		 56
(13)		 37
(3)		 28
(−2)		 14
(−10)		 6
(−14)		 1
(−17)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 6.12
(155.4)		 4.78
(121.4)		 5.71
(145)		 3.54
(89.9)		 3.86
(98)		 4.88
(124)		 6.32
(160.5)		 4.38
(111.3)		 3.77
(95.8)		 2.46
(62.5)		 3.78
(96)		 3.80
(96.5)		 53.4
(1,356.4)
Source: [21]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18601,618—
18702,10129.9%
18803,21653.1%
18904,00824.6%
19004,60614.9%
19108,19077.8%
192011,55541.1%
193014,50725.5%
194019,05531.4%
195031,15563.5%
196055,89079.4%
197072,62329.9%
198074,4252.5%
199078,1225.0%
200076,939−1.5%
201077,4340.6%
Est. 201673,801[2]−4.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[22]

MSA

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Albany, Georgia Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) had an estimated population of 157,308 and ranked 252nd in the U.S. in 2010.[23] The MSA consists of Dougherty, Terrell, Lee, Worth, and Baker Counties.

City

The postmodern Albany Government Center downtown

As of the census of 2010, there were 77,434 people, 29,781 households, and 18,515 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,385.5 people per square mile (535.0/km²). There were 33,436 housing units at an average density of 577.3 per square mile (222.9/km²).

The racial makeup of the city was 71.6% African American and Black, 25.2% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population.

Of the 29,781 total households, 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.7% were married couples living together, 27.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. Households of individuals living alone made up 31.8% of the total, and 9.4% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.8% under the age of 18, 13.0% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.4 years. For every 100 females there were 85.6 males. For every 100 males age 18 and over, there were 116.7 females.

The median household income in the city was $25,191, and the median income for a family was $35,067. Males had a median income of $31,104 versus $27,407 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,117. About 31.9% of families and 39.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 55.4% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those persons age 65 and over.[24]

Economy

An M88 Recovery Vehicle at the Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany undergoes depot maintenance in 2005.

Today, although the city is surrounded by pecan groves, pine trees, farms and plantations, almost none of the population is employed in agriculture. It is heavily mechanized. The city itself, however, is surrounded by a river which separates the two divisions of Albany.

Health care, education and the Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany are the largest employers. Manufacturing, transportation, and retail trade are also important foundations of Albany's economy, and the city acts as a hub for commerce in southwest Georgia.

On December 17, 2008, Cooper Tire and Rubber, one of Albany's largest employers, announced plans to close the local manufacturing facility. Approximately 1,400 employees at the plant were projected to lose their jobs.

Business environment

As a result of the recent economic downturn, unemployment remains higher in Albany than the country average. Albany continues to add more new jobs while other portions of the state are trying to stem the tide of joblessness. [25]

Albany does provide opportunities to new businesses by providing a skilled workforce, continual upgrades to its infrastructure, improvements in public safety, such as its ISO fire rating of 2,[26] and numerous economic development initiatives, such as its Opportunity Zone which offers a $3,500 tax credit per job created.[27]


Top eight non-governmental employers in Dougherty County

(excludes the City of Albany, Dougherty County, and the Marine Corps Logistics Base Albany)

Companies

Arts and culture

In 1972 the manager of a local theater, Mr. Jenkins, was convicted of "distributing obscene material" for showing the film Carnal Knowledge, in Jenkins v. Georgia.

Museums and the arts

Albany Municipal Auditorium
Ray Charles statue, centerpiece of Ray Charles Plaza
Ray Charles Plaza in Downtown Albany
New Albany Hotel

Registered historic places

Sports

Club Sport League Venue
Georgia Firebirds Indoor Football National Arena League Albany James H. Gray, Sr. Civic Center

Memorials and sights

Astronauts Memorial, Albany
Amphitheater in Veterans Park, Albany

Festivals and events

City races include a 26.2-mile (42.2 km) full marathon or a 13.1-mile (21.1 km) half marathon, and is ranked as one of the top Boston qualifiers in the country, with almost 20% of all marathon finishers qualifying.[48]

The annual Mardi Gras Street Festival takes place in downtown Albany the first weekend of March. Starting at noon and running until midnight, the festival coincides with the marathon and half marathon.

Government

The new federal courthouse in downtown Albany is dedicated in honor of the civil rights attorney C.B. King of Georgia.

Elected officials include a mayor and six city commissioners, each of whom serves a four-year term. The commissioners represent the wards from which they are elected. An appointed city manager acts as the chief administrative officer. The city has been governed by a city commission and city manager since January 14, 1924.[49]

City departments include:

[50]

Education

Public schools

The Dougherty County School System operates a system of five learning centers, sixteen public elementary schools, six public middle schools, and four public high schools. All schools are accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) and the Georgia Accrediting Commission (GAC). The system had an enrollment in 2009–2010 of 15,838 students being taught by 1,070 teachers and 198 support and administrative personnel.[51]

The following schools have distinctions:

Private schools

Several private schools provide primary and secondary education, including:

Higher education

Albany State University

Albany is the location of the historically black Albany State University, founded as a pre-collegiate school in 1903, as part of the drive for the education of African-Americans. Albany State is notable as one of the few historically black colleges to be part of the University System of Georgia.

Darton State College

Albany is also home to the two-year Darton State College, which in 2011 was granted permission by the Georgia Board of Regents to begin offering a limited number of four-year degrees.[52]

Albany Technical College

Albany Technical College[53] is part of the Technical College System of Georgia and teaches post-secondary vocational and occupational training subjects.

Troy University

Albany is a site location of Troy University, one of many sites which Troy has throughout the Southeastern United States. For more than 20 years, Troy University, which is a public non-profit institution of Alabama, has taught classes both in-class and online in Albany. Troy's Albany site teaches criminal justice, psychology and various general studies in-class classes along with many other undergraduate and master's degrees online.[54]

Public libraries

Dougherty County Public Library Central Library

Dougherty County Public Library operates the public libraries serving Albany.

Media

The Rosenberg Brothers Department Store, now headquarters of The Albany Herald

Newspapers

Television stations

FM radio stations

AM radio stations

Infrastructure

Transportation

Air

Southwest Georgia Regional Airport (ABY) is a non-hub commercial service airport with service to Atlanta by ExpressJet, a regional carrier for Delta. Both UPS and DHL use the airport as a sorting facility. In 2010, a master plan was completed. It recommended moving forward with the Replacement Terminal Project.[72]

Rail

Freight rail service is provided by Georgia Southwestern Railroad, Georgia and Florida Railway/Omnitrax, and Norfolk Southern Railway. Georgia and Florida Railway has its headquarters in Albany.

Bus

There is a Greyhound bus station in downtown Albany. Albany Transit System (ATS) has been operated by the city since 1974 and provides fixed-route and para-transit services in Albany and Dougherty County, including service to the airport. All buses are wheelchair accessible and are equipped with bicycle racks. The main transfer station is in downtown Albany at the corner of Oglethorpe and Jackson.[73]

Roads

Albany is located on Georgia State Route 300 (Georgia-Florida Parkway), which provides easy access to Cordele, and Interstate 75 to the northeast and south to Camilla, and Thomasville. The Liberty Expressway spans 10 miles (16 km) serves as a bypass on Albany's north and east sides. Other highways that pass through Albany include US 19, US 82, and State Routes 3, 62, 91, 133, 234, and 520.[74]

Bridges

Albany's historic Broad Avenue Memorial bridge was constructed in 1920 and comprises three open spandrel concrete deck arch main spans and eight closed spandrel deck arch spans.[75] Deconstruction of the bridge was started in early 2013.

In the early 1970s, construction of the Liberty bypass bridges began. Construction of the bridges over the Flint River was completed far prior to the highway itself, and they are known as the bridges to nowhere.

Interesting facts

The intersection of Lonesome and Hardup was named the fourth wackiest street intersection name, according to a 2006 poll by the Car Connection website.[76]

Energy infrastructure

Georgia Power

Portions of Albany are serviced by Georgia Power, which operates two electrical power plants within Dougherty County: coal-fired Plant Mitchell and the hydroelectric dam at Lake Worth,[77] also known as Lake Chehaw.

Water Management Infrastructure

The Albany Water, Gas & Light Commission (WG&L) is a municipally-owned and operated utility system furnishing water, gas, and electricity to its broad–based customers. Albany WG&L, was founded in 1892 as the Albany Water Works, as the largest municipal user in Georgia.[78]

The public water supply source for Albany-Dougherty County is groundwater obtained from four aquifers:

The water quality is considered to be excellent, needing only chlorination and fluoridation treatment.[79]

Communications infrastructure

Both WG&L and AT&T offer communications infrastructure within the City of Albany.[78]

Solid waste management

Albany is served by the Dougherty County Landfill located at 900 Gaissert Road, approximately 7.5 miles (12.1 km) southeast of the City of Albany.[80]

Health care

Albany is the home of a not-for-profit regional health system with a 26-county cachement area with Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital[81] at its hub.

Public safety

Law enforcement

Albany is serviced by the Albany Police Department (APD) which is divided into three districts, each having its own police center. The Dougherty County Police Department is responsible for the unincorporated area of Dougherty County. The Dougherty County Sheriff's Department is a law-enforcement agency under the direction of the County Sheriff, an elected official.[82]

Fire protection

The Albany Fire Department consists of more than 150 assigned personnel operating 11 fire stations in Dougherty County, seven of which are within the city limits.[82]

EMS/EMT service

Dougherty County EMS has over 60 employees and services the county through one headquarters and five satellite stations.[82]

Notable people

Composer, pianist, and singer Ray Charles

Natives

Name Notability Reference
John Bahnsen United States Army Brigadier General and decorated veteran of the Vietnam War
Deion Branch Super Bowl MVP football player
Ray Charles pianist, songwriter and soul singer
Alice Coachman Olympic gold medal high jumper
William L. Dawson U.S. Representative from Illinois
Paula Deen celebrity chef
Leroy Gilbert Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard
Reginald D. Hunter stand-up comedian
Harry James Big Band leader and jazz trumpeter
Alexander Johnson professional basketball player
Hamilton Jordan former White House Chief of Staff
Alonzo King founder of the world renowned LINES Ballet, son of civil rights activist Slater King
Ray Knight World Series MVP, also managed the Cincinnati Reds
Ricardo Lockette Super Bowl XLIX football player
Russell Malone jazz guitarist
Phillip Phillips singer, Season 11 American Idol winner
Merritt Ranew Milwaukee Braves baseball player
Wallingford Riegger conductor and composer
Bobby Rush U.S. Representative from Illinois
Jack M. Sell Television and Film Director [83]
Daryl Smith professional football player
Harry Spilman professional baseball player
Montavious Stanley professional football player
Ray Stevens country music singer
Jodie Whire NFL player

Residents

Name Notability Reference
Nellie Brimberry became the first Postmistress of a major U.S. Post Office in 1910
Mary Francis Hill Coley midwife in Albany 1930–1966, inducted into Georgia Women of Achievement 2011 [84]
Paula Deen chef and host of Paula's Home Cooking on the Television Food Network
Field Mob rap duo signed to Disturbing Tha Peace Records
Jim Fowler animal expert and host of the television show Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom
Alice Hawthorne businesswoman, veteran, local community organizer, only victim of the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing
Lee James Olympic silver medalist weightlifter; attended Westover High School in Albany
Lionel James NFL player, San Diego Chargers; in 1985 broke record for all purpose yardage
Wadsworth Jarrell artist
Rob Jones 2010 Grammy Award-winning designer [85]
Alex Kendrick
Stephen Kendrick		 filmmakers and authors, reside in Albany
Haley Kilpatrick founder of Girl Talk Inc.
Nancy Lopez professional golfer
Kregg Lumpkin professional football player
Jo Marie Payton actress of Family Matters and The Proud Family
D. A. Powell poet, author of Chronic and Cocktails, born in Albany
Travis Richter record producer, dubstep producer of Modified Noise; guitarist and screamer/singer for From First To Last; lead singer of The Human Abstract
Stephen Tanner bassist for the band Harvey Milk
Angelo Taylor Olympic gold medal hurdler
Mark Taylor former Lieutenant Governor of Georgia

East Albany

East Albany District, Albany, Ga
East Albany
District
Coordinates: 31°35′00″N 84°07′50″W / 31.58333°N 84.13056°W / 31.58333; -84.13056
Country United States
State Georgia
County Dougherty
Elevation 203 ft (62 m)
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code 31705
Area code(s) 229

East Albany is a district of Albany.[86]

Geography

East Albany is located in a triangle between the Flint River, The Liberty Express Way, and Oglethorpe Boulevard. Its main road is East Broad Avenue.[86]

District statistics

It is segregated from the rest of the city by the Flint River and the large highways that surround it. The area has little economic activity, and thus poverty is widespread. As of 2000, the poverty rate was at 45.3%, and the median household income was $19,601.00. The population was 10,547 people, 90.9% of whom were African Americans. 33.9% of the people were under the age of 18, and 40.9% of these belonged to single parent households. The district supported 1.1% of the population who were born outside of the U.S. The education rate was low, with 41.0% of adults being without a high school diploma. Only 5.8% of people had a college degree. Unemployment was at 18.6%. Home ownership rate was at 36.7%.[87]

Subdivisions

East Albany's subdivisions include:

References

  1. 1 2 "Albany (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". Quickfacts.census.gov. Archived from the original on July 21, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  2. 1 2 "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  3. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  6. ↑ "http://www.heritagecenter.org/about.html". External link in |title= (help)
  7. ↑ Archived March 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ↑ Fair, John D. "Nelson Tift: A Connecticut Yankee in King Cotton's Court," Georgia Historical Quarterly (2004) 88#3 pp 338-374
  9. ↑ "Turner AFB". Archived from the original on May 13, 2006. Retrieved May 11, 2006.
  10. ↑ "1370th Photomapping and Charting Group". Archived from the original on May 17, 2006. Retrieved May 11, 2006.
  11. ↑ "History of Turner Field Albany Georgia". Archived from the original on May 24, 2006. Retrieved May 11, 2006.
  12. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  13. ↑ "accessed January 30, 2012". Georgiaencyclopedia.org. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  14. ↑ "accessed January 31, 2012". Arborday.org. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  15. ↑ "accessed January 31, 2012" (PDF). Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  16. ↑ "accessed January 31, 2012". Albany.ga.us. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  17. ↑ "accessed January 31, 2012". Albany.ga.us. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  18. ↑ Garden Club Center Federated. "accessed on January 31, 2012". Manta.com. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  19. ↑ "accessed on January 31, 2012". Traillink.com. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  20. ↑ Climate Summary for Albany, Georgia
  21. ↑ "Average Weather for Albany, GA – Temperature and Precipitation". Weather.com. July 2011. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
  22. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  23. ↑ Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Archived March 5, 2014, at the Wayback Machine., U.S. Census Bureau, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
  24. ↑ 2010 U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder Tables DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics, 2010 and DP03 Selected Economic Characteristics Accessed on January 31, 2012
  25. ↑ "accessed January 30, 2012". Albanyherald.com. January 21, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  26. ↑ "accessed January 30, 2012". Albany.ga.us. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  27. ↑ "accessed January 30, 2012". Dca.state.ga.us. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  28. ↑ albanyartscouncil.org
  29. ↑ albanychorale.org
  30. ↑ albanycivilrightsinstitute.org
  31. ↑ albanyconcert.org
  32. ↑ albanymuseum.com
  33. ↑ albanysymphony.org
  34. ↑ artparkonpine.com
  35. ↑ ballettheatresouth.org
  36. ↑ flintriverquarium.com
  37. ↑ chehaw.org
  38. ↑ Archived July 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  39. ↑ theatrealbany.com
  40. ↑ heritagecenter.org
  41. ↑ "Thronateeska Heritage Center". Heritagecenter.org. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  42. ↑ Archived June 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
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  44. ↑ http://www.downtownalbany.info/PHOTOS/BridgeHouse.jpg%5B%5D
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Further reading

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Albany (Georgia).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Albany, Georgia.


Adjacent places of Albany, Georgia
 Phenix City, Alabama Columbus Macon
Union Springs, Alabama Tifton
   Albany  
Eufaula, Alabama Thomasville Valdosta
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