Alès

Alès
Subprefecture and commune


Coat of arms
Alès

Coordinates: 44°07′41″N 4°04′54″E / 44.1281°N 4.0817°E / 44.1281; 4.0817Coordinates: 44°07′41″N 4°04′54″E / 44.1281°N 4.0817°E / 44.1281; 4.0817
Country France
Region Occitanie
Department Gard
Arrondissement Alès
Canton Alès-1, Alès-2, Alès-3
Intercommunality Alès Agglomération
Government
 • Mayor (2014-2020) Max Roustan
Area1 23.16 km2 (8.94 sq mi)
Population (2014)2 39,993
 • Density 1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 30007 /30100
Elevation 116–356 m (381–1,168 ft)
(avg. 150 m or 490 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Alès (French pronunciation: ​[a.lɛs]; Occitan: Alès) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region in southern France. It is one of the sub-prefectures of the department. It was formerly known as Alais.

Geography

Alès lies 40 kilometres (25 miles) north-northwest of Nîmes, on the left bank of the Gardon River, which half surrounds it. It is located at the foot of the Cévennes, near the Cévennes National Park.

History

Fountain

Alès may be the modern successor of Arisitum, where, in about 570, Sigebert, King of Austrasia, created a bishopric. In his campaign against the Visigoths, the Merovingian king Theudebert I (533–548) conquered part of the territory of the Diocese of Nîmes. His later successor Sigebert set up the new diocese, comprising fifteen parishes in the area controlled by the Franks, which included a number of towns to the north of the Cevenne: Alès, Le Vigan, Arre, Arrigas, Meyrueis, Saint-Jean-du-Gard, Anduze, and Vissec. The diocese disappeared in the 8th century with the conquest of the whole of Septimania by the Franks.[1][2] No longer a residential bishopric, Arisitum is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[3]

After the Edict of Nantes, Alès was one of the places de sûreté given to the Huguenots. Louis XIII took back the town in 1629, and the Peace of Alès, signed on 29 June of that year, suppressed the political privileges of the Protestants, while continuing to guarantee toleration.[4]

At the request of Louis XIV, a see was again created at Alais by Pope Innocent XII, in 1694. The future Cardinal de Bausset, Bossuet's biographer, was Bishop of Alais from 1784 to 1790.[4] It was suppressed after the French Revolution, and its territory was divided between the diocese of Avignon and the diocese of Mende.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1793 10,020—    
1800 8,944−10.7%
1806 9,387+5.0%
1821 9,906+5.5%
1831 12,077+21.9%
1836 13,566+12.3%
1841 15,884+17.1%
1846 17,838+12.3%
1851 18,871+5.8%
1856 20,084+6.4%
1861 20,257+0.9%
1866 19,964−1.4%
1872 19,230−3.7%
1876 20,893+8.6%
1881 22,255+6.5%
1886 22,514+1.2%
1891 24,356+8.2%
1896 24,382+0.1%
1901 24,940+2.3%
1906 27,435+10.0%
1911 29,831+8.7%
1921 36,455+22.2%
1926 42,021+15.3%
1931 43,248+2.9%
1936 41,385−4.3%
1946 34,731−16.1%
1954 36,893+6.2%
1962 41,360+12.1%
1968 42,818+3.5%
1975 44,245+3.3%
1982 43,268−2.2%
1990 41,037−5.2%
1999 39,282−4.3%
2008 40,520+3.2%
2012 41,031+1.3%

Economy

Alès is the center of a mining district and hosts the École des mines d'Alès.

Historically, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911):

"The town is one of the most important markets for raw silk and cocoons in the south of France, and the Gardon supplies power to numerous silk-mills. It is also the centre of a mineral field, which yields large quantities of coal, iron, zinc and lead; its blast-furnaces, foundries, glass-works and engineering works afford employment to many workmen."[4]

Personalities

Statue of Pasteur

Pasteur did his research on the silkworm disease (pébrine and flacherie) at Alès, and the town dedicated a bust to his memory. There is also a statue of the chemist J.B. Dumas.[4] Alphonse Daudet was master study at the College of Ales and was written "le petit chose".

Sights

Historically, according to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

"The streets are wide and its promenades and fine plane-trees make the town attractive; but the public buildings, the chief of which are the Saint-Jean-Baptiste cathedral, a heavy building of the 18th century, and the citadel, which serves as barracks and prison, are of small interest."[4]

Alès was the birthplace of:

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Alès is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Louis Saltet, L'évêché d'Arisitum, in Bulletin de littérature ecclésiastique, publié par l'Institut Catholique de Toulouse, nn. 7-8 (1902), pp. 220-231
  2. ↑ Louis Duchesne, Fastes épiscopaux de l'ancienne Gaule, vol. I, Paris 1907, pp. 316-317
  3. ↑ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 839
  4. 1 2 3 4 5  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Alais". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 468.
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