List of Governors of Alabama

Governor of Alabama
Seal of the Governor
Flag of the Governor
Incumbent Kay Ivey since April 10, 2017
Style	The Honorable
Residence	Alabama Governor's Mansion
Term length	Four years, can succeed self once
Inaugural holder	William Wyatt Bibb
Formation	December 14, 1819
Deputy	Lieutenant Governor of Alabama
Salary	$119,950 (2013)^[1]
Website	http://www.governor.state.al.us

The Governor of Alabama is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Alabama. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Alabama's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Alabama Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment.^[2] The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

There have officially been 54 governors of the state of Alabama; this official numbering skips acting and military governors.^[3] The first governor, William Wyatt Bibb, served as the only governor of the Alabama Territory. Five people have served as acting governor, bringing the total number of people serving as governor to 59, spread over 63 distinct terms. Four governors have served multiple non-consecutive terms: Bibb Graves, Jim Folsom, and Fob James each served two, and George Wallace served three non-consecutive periods. Officially, these non-consecutive terms are numbered only with the number of their first term. William D. Jelks also served non-consecutive terms, but his first term was in an acting capacity.

The longest-serving governor was George Wallace, who served 16 years over four terms. The shortest term for a non-acting governor was that of Hugh McVay, who served four and a half months after replacing the resigning Clement Comer Clay. Lurleen Wallace, wife of George Wallace, was the first woman to serve as governor of Alabama, and the third woman to serve as governor of any state. The current governor is Republican Kay Ivey, who took office on April 10, 2017. She is the second female governor of Alabama.

Governors

Governor of the Territory of Alabama

For the period before Alabama Territory was formed, see the list of Governors of Mississippi Territory.

Alabama Territory was formed on March 3, 1817, from Mississippi Territory. It had only one governor appointed by the President of the United States before it became a state; he became the first state governor.

Governor		Term in office	Appointed by
	William Wyatt Bibb	March 6, 1817^{[lower-alpha 1]} – December 14, 1819	James Monroe

Governors of the State of Alabama

Seal for use by the Governor-Elect

Governor's Flag 1868–1939

Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14, 1819. It seceded from the Union on January 11, 1861, and was a founding member of the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861; there was no Union Alabama government in exile, so there was a single line of governors. Following the end of the American Civil War, Alabama during Reconstruction was part of the Third Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. Alabama was readmitted to the Union on July 14, 1868.

The first Alabama Constitution, ratified in 1819, provided that a governor be elected every two years, limited to serve no more than four out of every six years.^[5] This limit remained in place until the constitution of 1868, which simply allowed governors to serve terms of two years.^[6] The current constitution of 1901 increased terms to four years,^[7] but prohibited governors from succeeding themselves.^[8] Amendment 282 to the constitution, passed in 1968, allowed governors to succeed themselves once; a governor serves two consecutive terms can run again after waiting out the next term.^[9] The constitution had no set date for the commencement of a governor's term until 1901, when it was set at the first Monday after the second Tuesday in the January following an election.^[8]

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868,^[10] abolished in 1875,^[11] and recreated in 1901.^[12] According to the current constitution, should the governor be out of the state for more than 20 days, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor, and if the office of governor becomes vacant the lieutenant governor ascends to the governorship.^[13] Earlier constitutions said the powers of the governor devolved upon the successor, rather than them necessarily becoming governor,^[14] but the official listing includes these as full governors.^[3] The governor and lieutenant governor are not elected on the same ticket.

Alabama was a strongly Democratic state before the Civil War, electing only candidates from the Democratic-Republican and Democratic parties. It had two Republican governors following Reconstruction, but after the Democratic Party re-established control, 112 years passed before voters chose another Republican.

#^{[lower-alpha 2]}	Governor		Term in office	Party	Election	Lt. Governor^{[lower-alpha 3]}^{[lower-alpha 4]}
1		William Wyatt Bibb	December 14, 1819 – July 10, 1820	Democratic- Republican	1819 ^{[lower-alpha 5]}	Office did not exist
2		Thomas Bibb	July 10, 1820 – November 9, 1821	Democratic- Republican	1819 ^{[lower-alpha 5]}
3		Israel Pickens	November 9, 1821 – November 25, 1825	Democratic- Republican	1821
3		Israel Pickens	November 9, 1821 – November 25, 1825	Democratic- Republican	1823
4		John Murphy	November 25, 1825 – November 25, 1829	Jackson Democrat	1825
4		John Murphy	November 25, 1825 – November 25, 1829	Jackson Democrat	1827
5		Gabriel Moore	November 25, 1829 – March 3, 1831	Jackson Democrat	1829 ^{[lower-alpha 6]}
6		Samuel B. Moore	March 3, 1831 – November 26, 1831	Democratic	1829 ^{[lower-alpha 6]}
7		John Gayle	November 26, 1831 – November 21, 1835	Democratic	1831
7		John Gayle	November 26, 1831 – November 21, 1835	Democratic	1833
8		Clement Comer Clay	November 21, 1835 – July 17, 1837	Democratic	1835 ^{[lower-alpha 7]}
9		Hugh McVay	July 17, 1837 – November 30, 1837	Democratic	1835 ^{[lower-alpha 7]}
10		Arthur P. Bagby	November 30, 1837 – November 22, 1841	Democratic	1837
10		Arthur P. Bagby	November 30, 1837 – November 22, 1841	Democratic	1839
11		Benjamin Fitzpatrick	November 22, 1841 – December 10, 1845	Democratic	1841
11		Benjamin Fitzpatrick	November 22, 1841 – December 10, 1845	Democratic	1843
12		Joshua L. Martin	December 10, 1845 – December 16, 1847	Independent^{[lower-alpha 8]}	1845
13		Reuben Chapman	December 16, 1847 – December 17, 1849	Democratic	1847
14		Henry W. Collier	December 17, 1849 – December 20, 1853	Democratic	1849
14		Henry W. Collier	December 17, 1849 – December 20, 1853	Democratic	1851
15		John A. Winston	December 20, 1853 – December 1, 1857	Democratic	1853
15		John A. Winston	December 20, 1853 – December 1, 1857	Democratic	1855
16		Andrew B. Moore	December 1, 1857 – December 2, 1861	Democratic	1857
16		Andrew B. Moore	December 1, 1857 – December 2, 1861	Democratic	1859
17		John Gill Shorter	December 2, 1861 – December 1, 1863	Democratic	1861
18		Thomas H. Watts	December 1, 1863 – May 1, 1865	Democratic	1863 ^{[lower-alpha 9]}
—	Vacant		May 1, 1865 – June 21, 1865	—
19		Lewis E. Parsons	June 21, 1865 – December 13, 1865	Democratic
20		Robert M. Patton	December 13, 1865 – July 24, 1868	Pre-War Whig	1865 ^{[lower-alpha 10]}
—		Wager Swayne	March 2, 1867 – January 11, 1868	Military	1865 ^{[lower-alpha 10]}
21		William Hugh Smith	July 24, 1868 – November 26, 1870	Republican	1868
							Andrew J. Applegate (took office August 13, 1868) (died August 21, 1870)
						Vacant
22		Robert B. Lindsay	November 26, 1870 – November 17, 1872	Democratic	1870 ^{[lower-alpha 11]}		Edward H. Moren
23		David P. Lewis	November 17, 1872 – November 24, 1874	Republican	1872		Alexander McKinstry
24		George S. Houston	November 24, 1874 – November 28, 1878	Democratic	1874		Robert F. Ligon
24		George S. Houston	November 24, 1874 – November 28, 1878	Democratic	1876	Office did not exist
25		Rufus W. Cobb	November 28, 1878 – December 1, 1882	Democratic	1878
25		Rufus W. Cobb	November 28, 1878 – December 1, 1882	Democratic	1880
26		Edward A. O'Neal	December 1, 1882 – December 1, 1886	Democratic	1882
26		Edward A. O'Neal	December 1, 1882 – December 1, 1886	Democratic	1884
27		Thomas Seay	December 1, 1886 – December 1, 1890	Democratic	1886
27		Thomas Seay	December 1, 1886 – December 1, 1890	Democratic	1888
28		Thomas G. Jones	December 1, 1890 – December 1, 1894	Democratic	1890
28		Thomas G. Jones	December 1, 1890 – December 1, 1894	Democratic	1892
29		William C. Oates	December 1, 1894 – December 1, 1896	Democratic	1894
30		Joseph F. Johnston	December 1, 1896 – December 1, 1900	Democratic	1896
30		Joseph F. Johnston	December 1, 1896 – December 1, 1900	Democratic	1898
—		William D. Jelks	December 1, 1900 – December 26, 1900	Democratic	1900 ^{[lower-alpha 12]}
31		William J. Samford	December 1, 1900 – June 11, 1901	Democratic
32		William D. Jelks	June 11, 1901 – January 14, 1907	Democratic
32		William D. Jelks	June 11, 1901 – January 14, 1907	Democratic	1902 ^{[lower-alpha 13]}^{[lower-alpha 14]}		Russell M. Cunningham (acted as governor April 25, 1904–March 5, 1905)
33		B. B. Comer	January 14, 1907 – January 17, 1911	Democratic	1906		Henry B. Gray
34		Emmet O'Neal	January 17, 1911 – January 18, 1915	Democratic	1910		Walter D. Seed, Sr.
35		Charles Henderson	January 18, 1915 – January 20, 1919	Democratic	1914		Thomas Kilby
36		Thomas Kilby	January 20, 1919 – January 15, 1923	Democratic	1918		Nathan Lee Miller
37		William W. Brandon	January 15, 1923 – January 17, 1927	Democratic	1922 ^{[lower-alpha 15]}		Charles S. McDowell (acted as governor July 10, 1924–July 11, 1924)
38		Bibb Graves	January 17, 1927 – January 19, 1931	Democratic	1926		William C. Davis
39		Benjamin M. Miller	January 19, 1931 – January 14, 1935	Democratic	1930		Hugh Davis Merrill
38		Bibb Graves	January 14, 1935 – January 17, 1939	Democratic	1934		Thomas E. Knight (died May 17, 1937)
38		Bibb Graves	January 14, 1935 – January 17, 1939	Democratic	1934	Vacant
40		Frank M. Dixon	January 17, 1939 – January 19, 1943	Democratic	1938		Albert A. Carmichael
41		Chauncey Sparks	January 19, 1943 – January 20, 1947	Democratic	1942		Leven H. Ellis
42		Jim Folsom	January 20, 1947 – January 15, 1951	Democratic	1946		James C. Inzer
43		Gordon Persons	January 15, 1951 – January 17, 1955	Democratic	1950		James Allen
42		Jim Folsom	January 17, 1955 – January 19, 1959	Democratic	1954		William G. Hardwick
44		John M. Patterson	January 19, 1959 – January 14, 1963	Democratic	1958		Albert Boutwell
45		George Wallace	January 14, 1963 – January 16, 1967	Democratic	1962		James Allen
46		Lurleen Wallace	January 16, 1967 – May 7, 1968	Democratic	1966 ^{[lower-alpha 16]}		Albert Brewer (acted as governor July 25, 1967)
47		Albert Brewer	May 7, 1968 – January 18, 1971	Democratic	1966 ^{[lower-alpha 16]}	Vacant
45		George Wallace	January 18, 1971 – January 15, 1979	Democratic	1970 ^{[lower-alpha 17]}		Jere Beasley (acted as governor June 5, 1972–July 7, 1972)
45		George Wallace	January 18, 1971 – January 15, 1979	Democratic	1974		Jere Beasley (acted as governor June 5, 1972–July 7, 1972)
48		Fob James	January 15, 1979 – January 17, 1983	Democratic	1978		George McMillan
45		George Wallace	January 17, 1983 – January 19, 1987	Democratic	1982		Bill Baxley
49		H. Guy Hunt	January 19, 1987 – April 22, 1993	Republican	1986		Jim Folsom, Jr.^{[lower-alpha 18]}
49		H. Guy Hunt	January 19, 1987 – April 22, 1993	Republican	1990 ^{[lower-alpha 19]}		Jim Folsom, Jr.^{[lower-alpha 18]}
50		Jim Folsom Jr.	April 22, 1993 – January 16, 1995	Democratic	1990 ^{[lower-alpha 19]}	Vacant
48		Fob James	January 16, 1995 – January 18, 1999	Republican	1994		Don Siegelman^{[lower-alpha 18]}
51		Don Siegelman	January 18, 1999 – January 20, 2003	Democratic	1998		Steve Windom^{[lower-alpha 20]}
52		Bob Riley	January 20, 2003 – January 17, 2011	Republican	2002		Lucy Baxley^{[lower-alpha 18]}
52		Bob Riley	January 20, 2003 – January 17, 2011	Republican	2006		Jim Folsom, Jr.^{[lower-alpha 18]}
53		Robert J. Bentley	January 17, 2011 – April 10, 2017	Republican	2010		Kay Ivey
53		Robert J. Bentley	January 17, 2011 – April 10, 2017	Republican	2014 ^{[lower-alpha 21]}		Kay Ivey
54		Kay Ivey	April 10, 2017 – present	Republican	2014 ^{[lower-alpha 21]}	Vacant

Notes

↑ Records are scarce as to when Bibb was actually appointed. The territory was formed on March 3, 1817, but he was appointed by President James Monroe, who did not take office until the next day. Other resources indicate that other major appointments for the territory were made on March 6, 1817.^[4]
↑ Repeat governors are officially numbered only once; subsequent terms are marked with their original number italicized.
↑ The office of Lieutenant Governor was created in the 1868 constitution,^[10] abolished in the 1875 Constitution,^[11] and recreated in the 1901 Constitution.^[12]
↑ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
↑ William Wyatt Bibb died in office; as president of the senate, Thomas Bibb succeeded him.
↑ Gabriel Moore resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as president of the senate, Samuel B. Moore succeeded him.
↑ Clay resigned to take an elected seat in the United States Senate; as president of the senate, McVay succeeded him.
↑ Martin was a Democrat who opposed party leaders and ran as an independent.^[15]
↑ Watts was arrested by Union forces soon after the American Civil War ended; he was released a few weeks later.^[16] Parsons was appointed provisional governor by the Union occupation. Between Watts's arrest and Parsons's appointment, Alabama had no governor, and was under the direct rule of General George Henry Thomas.^[17]
↑ The United States Congress stripped Patton of most of his authority in March 1867, after which time the state was effectively under the control of Major General Swayne.^[18] The start date given for Swayne is the date of the first Reconstruction Act, which placed Alabama into the Third Military District; all references only say "March 1867"^[18] and "when the Reconstruction Acts were passed".^[19] In December 1867, President Andrew Johnson ordered the removal of General Swayne, and he was replaced on January 11, 1868, by General Julius Hayden.^[20]
↑ Lindsay was sworn into office on November 26, 1870, but William Hugh Smith refused to leave his seat for two weeks, claiming Lindsay was fraudulently elected; he finally left office on December 8, 1870, when a court so ordered.^[21]
↑ At the start of Samford's term, he was out of state seeking medical treatment; as president of the senate, Jelks acted as governor in his absence. Samford later died in office, and Jelks succeeded him.^[22]
↑ Terms were lengthened from two to four years beginning with this term.
↑ Jelks was out of state for medical treatment for nearly a year; as lieutenant governor, Cunningham acted as governor in his absence.^[23]
↑ Brandon was out of state for 21 days as a delegate to the 1924 Democratic National Convention; as lieutenant governor, McDowell acted as governor for two days.^[3]
↑ Wallace was out of state for 20 days for medical treatment; as lieutenant governor, Brewer became acting governor on July 25, 1967; Wallace returned to the state later that day.^[3]^[24] Wallace later died in office, and Brewer succeeded her.
↑ Wallace was out of state for 52 days for medical treatment following an assassination attempt while campaigning for President of the United States; as lieutenant governor, Beasley acted as governor for 32 days.^[3]
1 2 3 4 Represented the Democratic Party.
↑ Hunt was removed from office upon being convicted of illegally using campaign and inaugural funds to pay personal debts; he was later pardoned by the state parole board based on innocence.^[25] As lieutenant governor, Folsom succeeded him.
↑ Represented the Republican Party.
↑ Bentley resigned from office as part of a plea deal involving campaign violations.^[26] As lieutenant governor, Ivey succeeded him. Governor Ivey's first term expires on January 14, 2019.

References

General

"Alabama Governors". Alabama Department of Archives & History. Retrieved August 1, 2007.
"Alabama: Past Governors Bios". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 3, 2015.

Constitutions

"Constitution of the State of Alabama". Alabama Legislature. 1901. Archived from the original on 2006-09-23.
"Constitution of the State of Alabama". Alabama Legislature. 1875.
"Constitution of the State of Alabama". Alabama Legislature. 1868.
"Constitution of the State of Alabama". Alabama Legislature. 1865.
"Constitution of the State of Alabama". Alabama Legislature. 1861.
"Constitution of the State of Alabama". Alabama Legislature. 1819. Archived from the original on 2014-04-15.

Specific

↑ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
↑ AL Const., art. V.
1 2 3 4 5 "Alabama Governors". Alabama Department of Archives and History. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
↑ Shearer, Benjamin. The Uniting States – The Story of Statehood for the Fifty United States, Volume 1: Alabama to Kentucky. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 41. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
↑ 1819 Const. art. IV, § 4
↑ 1868 Const. art. V, § 2
↑ AL Const. art. V, § 114
1 2 AL Const. art. V, § 116
↑ AL Const. amendment 282
1 2 1868 Const. art. V, § 1
1 2 1875 Const. art. V, § 1
1 2 AL Const. art. V, § 112
↑ AL Const. art. V, § 127
↑ 1819 Const. art. IV, § 18; 1861 Const. art. IV, § 18; 1865 Const. art V, § 19; 1868 Const. art. V, § 15; 1875 Const. art. V § 15
↑ "Joshua Lanier Martin". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
↑ "Thomas Hill Watts". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
↑ "Lewis Eliphalet Parsons". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
1 2 "Robert Miller Patton". National Governors Association. Retrieved September 3, 2015.
↑ "Alabama Governor Robert Patton". Alabama Department of Archives & History. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
↑ "Wager T. Swayne". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
↑ White, James Terry (1900). The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. James T. White & Company. p. 435. Retrieved January 18, 2008.
↑ "Alabama Governor William Jelks". Alabama Department of Archives & History. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
↑ "Alabama Governor Russell Cunningham". Alabama Department of Archives & History. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
↑ Owen, Thomas McAdory (1979). Alabama Official and Statistical Register. Alabama Department of Archives & History. p. 17. Retrieved September 28, 2008.
↑ Nossiter, Adam (12 June 1997). "Ex-Gov. Hunt of Alabama Cleared by Pardon Board". The New York Times. p. 18. Retrieved September 28, 2008.
↑ Blinder, Alan (10 April 2017). "Robert Bentley, Alabama Governor, Resigns Amid Scandal". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2017.

External links

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Office of the Governor of Alabama

Governors and Lieutenant Governors of Alabama
Governors	W. Bibb T. Bibb Pickens Murphy G. Moore S. Moore Gayle Clay McVay Bagby Fitzpatrick Martin Chapman Collier Winston A. Moore Shorter Watts Parsons Patton Swayne Smith Lindsay Lewis Houston Cobb E. A. O'Neal Seay T. Jones Oates Johnston Samford Jelks Comer E. O'Neal Henderson Kilby Brandon Graves Miller Graves Dixon Sparks Folsom Sr. Persons Folsom Sr. Patterson G. Wallace L. Wallace Brewer G. Wallace James G. Wallace Hunt Folsom Jr. James Siegelman Riley Bentley Ivey
Lieutenant Governors	Applegate Moren McKinstry Ligon Cunningham Gray Seed Kilby Miller McDowell Davis Merrill Knight Carmichael Ellis Inzer Allen Hardwick Boutwell Allen Brewer Beasley McMillan B. Baxley Folsom Siegelman Windom L. Baxley Folsom Ivey

Chief executives of the United States
Federal	President of the United States
State governors (current list)	Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Territorial (current list)	American Samoa District of Columbia Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands
Defunct	Pre-state territories Panama Canal Zone Cuba Philippine Islands (until 1935) Philippine Commonwealth (until 1946) Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands

State of Alabama
Montgomery (capital)
Topics	Index Aviation Climate Delegations Geography Geology Government Governors History National Register of Historic Places Media Newspapers Radio TV People Sports Symbols Transportation
Society	Crime Culture Demographics Economy Education Elections Politics
Regions	North Alabama Central Alabama South Alabama Birmingham District Black Belt Canebrake Cumberland Plateau Eastern Shore Gulf Coastal Plain Piedmont Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians Tennessee Valley Wiregrass
Flora and fauna	Amphibians Gardens Mammals Reptiles Trees
Largest cities	Birmingham Montgomery Mobile Huntsville Tuscaloosa Hoover Dothan Auburn Decatur Madison
Metros	Birmingham–Hoover Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa Daphne-Fairhope-Foley Decatur Auburn-Opelika Dothan Florence-Muscle Shoals Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville Gadsden
Counties	Autauga Baldwin Barbour Bibb Blount Bullock Butler Calhoun Chambers Cherokee Chilton Choctaw Clarke Clay Cleburne Coffee Colbert Conecuh Coosa Covington Crenshaw Cullman Dale Dallas DeKalb Elmore Escambia Etowah Fayette Franklin Geneva Greene Hale Henry Houston Jackson Jefferson Lamar Lauderdale Lawrence Lee Limestone Lowndes Macon Madison Marengo Marion Marshall Mobile Monroe Montgomery Morgan Perry Pickens Pike Randolph Russell Shelby St. Clair Sumter Talladega Tallapoosa Tuscaloosa Walker Washington Wilcox Winston

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