Castlevania

Castlevania

The current logo of the Castlevania series, introduced with 2003's Lament of Innocence.
Genres Action-adventure
Developers Konami
Publishers Konami
Platforms
First release Castlevania
September 26, 1986 (1986-09-26)
Latest release Pachislot Akumajō Dracula: Lords of Shadow
April 6, 2017 (2017-04-06)

Castlevania[lower-alpha 1] is a series of horror-themed action-adventure video games created and developed by Konami, centered on the Belmont family, a clan of vampire hunters, and their fight with Dracula. The series debuted in Japan on September 26, 1986, with the release of the original game for the Family Computer Disk System, followed by an alternate version for the MSX2 platform on October 30. Although the MSX2 port (localized in Europe and South America as Vampire Killer) was released first outside Japan, the series did not receive wide attention outside Japan until the FDS version was ported to cartridge format for the Nintendo Entertainment System and localized for North American and European releases of Castlevania in 1987 and 1988, respectively.[2][3]

The first title, as well as the majority of sequels were a side scrolling platform game. The sequels Vampire Killer and Castlevania II introduced non-linear exploration. Symphony of the Night made a return to non-linear gameplay and focused more on exploration than linear platforming. Along with Super Metroid, it popularized the Metroidvania genre.[4] Games developed in the Metroidvania genre continued on the Game Boy Advance and Nintendo DS from 2001 to 2008. The first two 3D titles in the series were on the Nintendo 64 in 1999. 2010 saw the release of Lords of Shadow, a reboot of the series featuring 3D action and developed in Spain.

The Castlevania titles have been released on various platforms, from early systems including the Nintendo Entertainment System to modern consoles. It has also been released for Pocket PCs and mobile phones.[5][6]

Games

1986 – – Castlevania
– Vampire Killer
1987 – – Castlevania II: Simon's Quest
1988 – – Haunted Castle
1989 – – Castlevania: The Adventure
– Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse
1991 – – Castlevania II: Belmont's Revenge
– Super Castlevania IV
1993 – – Castlevania (1993 video game)
– Castlevania: Rondo of Blood
1994 – – Castlevania: Bloodlines
1995 – – Castlevania: Dracula X
1997 – – Castlevania: Symphony of the Night
– Castlevania Legends
1999 – – Castlevania (1999 video game)
– Castlevania: Legacy of Darkness
2001 – – Castlevania: Circle of the Moon
– Castlevania Chronicles
2002 – – Castlevania: Harmony of Dissonance
2003 – – Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow
– Castlevania: Lament of Innocence
2005 – – Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow
– Castlevania: Curse of Darkness
2006 – – Castlevania: Portrait of Ruin
2007 – – Castlevania: Order of Shadows
– Castlevania: The Dracula X Chronicles
2008 – – Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia
2009 – – Castlevania: The Adventure ReBirth
2010 – – Castlevania: Lords of Shadow
2013 – – Castlevania: Lords of Shadow – Mirror of Fate
2014 – – Castlevania: Lords of Shadow 2

The first console title, Castlevania, released for the NES in 1986 by Konami, is a typical platform game in which the player takes the role of Simon Belmont, a descendant of the Belmont clan, a family of vampire hunters. He travels to Dracula's demonic castle, Castlevania, and fights his way through the castle annihilating Dracula himself and the castle. Belmont's main weapon is a whip called "Vampire Killer", while the secondary weapons are powered by Hearts, collected by destroying candles and killing monsters. Secondary weapons available are Daggers, Holy Water (Fire Bomb), Flying Axe, Stop Watch and the Cross (Boomerang). Hidden items such as power-ups and food (health replenishment) items are also found by attacking walls within the levels, a feature inspired by Nintendo's Super Mario Bros. with countless hidden items across the game's levels.

Vampire Killer, released in 1986 for the MSX computer, took a departure from the traditional platform gameplay of Castlevania, instead introducing an open-ended form of gameplay.[7] The game's non-linear design had a similar structure to Metroid released that same year.[8] Castlevania II: Simon's Quest, released in 1987, featured non-linear gameplay more open-ended than that of Vampire Killer and Metroid, with several exclusive elements such as a world map the player was free to explore and revisit.[9] The player could also purchase supplies, equipment and weapon upgrades in several different towns, making it more like an action role-playing game. It also introduced a persistent world with its own day-night cycle that affects when certain NPCs appear in certain locations and offered three possible endings depending on the time it took to complete the game.[10] Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse, released for the NES in 1989, while having more in common with the original NES Castlevania, added new features, including non-linear elements such as alternate branching paths with different stages and alternate endings depending on the player's choices, as well as multiple player characters.[11]

A major turning point in the gameplay mechanics of the series was Castlevania: Symphony of the Night, released in 1997 for the Sony PlayStation and for the Sega Saturn in 1998. Expanding on the open-ended style of gameplay previously used in Castlevania II: Simon's Quest,[9] Symphony of the Night's style of gameplay has been termed "Metroidvania" due to its similarities with the non-linear and exploration-focused side-scrolling games of the Metroid series.[12] It also used role-playing video game elements, such as collectible weapons, armor and hidden orbs. Many subsequent Castlevania games have since followed this template.

Ayami Kojima's art was introduced in Symphony of the Night, and has been featured in a few other titles. Years later, the first two Castlevania games for the Nintendo DS returned to the anime style used in the original Castlevania: Rondo of Blood, among other titles, in hopes of broadening the player demographic by not discouraging slightly younger Nintendo DS owners to be put off by Kojima's art.[13] Dawn of Sorrow was the first game to do this, and the second DS release Portrait of Ruin followed with the same style.[14]

The first games in the series to employ 3D graphics were Castlevania and Castlevania: Legacy of Darkness for the Nintendo 64 in 1999. In 2003, the next 3D Castlevania title featured combat-oriented hack and slash gameplay that drew comparisons to the 2001 title Devil May Cry, though Lament of Innocence introduced several unique features to set itself apart from Capcom's title.[15] The game has also drawn comparisons to the 2002 release Rygar: The Legendary Adventure and 2005's God of War, both of which used similar chained-blade weapons, while the latter also used similarly flashy and smooth attacks that could change direction in the middle of a combo.[16] In 2007, Koji Igarashi stated that, if The Dracula X Chronicles did well, the series may return to the more traditional style of the original games.[17] Trivia about the series has also been mentioned in the Guinness World Records: Gamer's Edition 2008.[18][19]

Common elements

Plot

Castlevania series fictional chronology
Original series

1094 – Lament of Innocence
1476 – Dracula's Curse
1479 – Curse of Darkness
1576 – The Adventure / The Adventure ReBirth
1591 – Belmont's Revenge
1691 – Castlevania / Vampire Killer / Haunted Castle / Super Castlevania IV / Chronicles
1698 – Simon's Quest
1748 – Harmony of Dissonance
1792 – Rondo of Blood / Dracula X / The Dracula X Chronicles
1797 – Symphony of the Night
1800s – Order of Ecclesia
1897 – Dracula
1917 – Bloodlines
1944 – Portrait of Ruin
2035 – Aria of Sorrow
2036 – Dawn of Sorrow

Lords of Shadow series

1046 – Lords of Shadow – Mirror of Fate (Gabriel Belmont)
1047 – Lords of Shadow
1073 – Lords of Shadow – Mirror of Fate (Trevor Belmont)
1101 – Lords of Shadow – Mirror of Fate (Simon Belmont and Alucard)
 1102–2057 – Lords of Shadow 2

Sources:[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]

The earliest games borrowed source material from motifs in iconic horror cinema and other monsters from the Universal Horror and Hammer era of films. Examples include werewolves, Frankenstein's monster, The Mummy, Medusa, the Grim Reaper and Count Dracula himself. The earlier games paid homage to these films. The staff roll of the original Castlevania mentioned parody names modeled after famous people associated with the horror genre, such as "Vram Stoker" – a play on Bram Stoker, writer of the original Dracula novel. Later games also include many monsters from mythological sources.

Most of the Castlevania video game franchise has been about the vampire hunting family of the Belmonts and Dracula. Almost every hundred years, Dracula is resurrected and generally the Belmonts must defeat him. Though most games in the series involve the Belmonts or their descendants, some protagonists, such as Soma Cruz and Alucard, are unrelated. The series is loosely based on Bram Stoker's novel Dracula. The novel is included in the official timeline of the series, with Castlevania: Bloodlines taking place shortly afterwards.[28] The connection even goes so far as to claim that Quincey Morris, a character from the novel, is in fact a distant Belmont descendant.

The most iconic weapon of the series is a whip called Vampire Killer. It is the legendary weapon used by the Belmonts in the fights against Count Dracula, although it is sometimes passed through other families as well. The story of its origin is shown in Castlevania: Lament of Innocence, where its prototype form is created by Rinaldo Gandolfi for Leon Belmont, through the use of alchemy. This whip is later fused with the soul of Leon's betrothed, Sara Trantoul, giving birth to Vampire Killer.[29] A similar, but different whip is used by the main character, Nathan Graves, in Castlevania: Circle of the Moon; this "Hunter's Whip" can be augmented with magic to enhance its capabilities and the wielder depending on what is equipped. There are extra weapons available, such as fire, knives, and axes.

According to Portrait of Ruin, only those possessing the "Belmont Warlord Chromosomes" are able to use the whip's full potential without paying a price, for the whip simply drains the life of users who are not of the Belmont lineage. This was learned by John Morris, for after his battle with Dracula, he noticed that his injuries never healed. Unable to fully utilize the Vampire Killer whip's powers without harming his own life, he soon succumbed and died. However, his son, Jonathan Morris, was able to receive the whip's full power for a short time through a ritual that was performed by the Lecarde sisters. The ritual required Jonathan to defeat the whip's memory of the previous owner, which was an entity bearing the likeness of Richter Belmont.[30] After Jonathan defeated a vampire by the name of Brauner who was utilizing Dracula's power, the whip was soon returned to the Belmont family.

An official timeline in English was released along with the Castlevania 20th anniversary edition of Portrait of Ruin in 2006 available through pre-order. This timeline includes Circle of the Moon, Legacy of Darkness and Castlevania for the Nintendo 64 in the canon. [31] Another timeline released by Konami on their Japanese website in 2007 excludes these games.[20]

Castlevania: Lords of Shadow is a reboot of the franchise, and features Gabriel Belmont on a quest to defeat the eponymous Lords of Shadow. While it does indeed feature the usual Castlevania motifs of vampires, werewolves and the undead, the plot is set before the rise of Dracula.[32]

Development

Localization

In Japan, the series is known as Akumajō Dracula (悪魔城ドラキュラ, Akumajō Dorakyura, translated Devil's Castle Dracula).[1] However, not every installment of the franchise had that title. For example, the first two installments for the Game Boy were released under the title Dracula Densetsu and the game known in North America as Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse was originally released in Japan as Akumajō Densetsu. Castlevania: Bloodlines was also released as Vampire Killer in Japan. Starting with the release of Castlevania: Harmony of Dissonance for the Game Boy Advance, the Japanese games adopted the Castlevania (キャッスルヴァニア, Kyassuruvania) name for a brief period. According to series producer Koji Igarashi, the developers chose to adopt the Castlevania title as a way to involve scenarios that do not solely revolve around Dracula himself.[33] After some demand from fans in Japan, Konami returned to the Akumajō Dracula title with the Japanese release of Castlevania: Dawn of Sorrow. However, Konami chose to not using Akumajō Dracula on the Japanese title of Castlevania: Lords of Shadow series for the lack of involvement of Dracula, though this was returned with the Japanese release of Lords of Shadow 2 where Dracula was portrayed as a central character.

The series is also known for the differences between the Japanese and English language versions. Particularly in earlier installments, the localization process usually censored a heavy share of violence, nudity and religious imagery. Removal of such material is prevalent in titles released for Nintendo platforms such as Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse, Super Castlevania IV and Castlevania: Dracula X, because of Nintendo of America's censorship policies at the time.[34][35] Castlevania: Bloodlines, for the Genesis, was retitled Castlevania: The New Generation for European and Australian releases to avoid the reference to blood used in the North American title.[36] In addition, blood was re-colored, the gore was removed and the death scene of a character was changed in the European version.[37]

Music

The music for the first Castlevania game was composed by Satoe Terashima and Kinuyo Yamashita,[38][39] of Konami's Kukeiha Club of composers, shortly after graduating from college. Yamashita was credited under the pseudonym James Banana for her work on the Disk System version of the game.[40]

Most of Castlevania's music changes from game to game, but some themes recur often. These include Vampire Killer, composed by Terashima, Bloody Tears (血の涙, Chi no Namida), first composed by Kenichi Matsubara, and Beginning by Jun Funahashi. These three tracks first appeared in Castlevania, Castlevania II: Simon's Quest and Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse respectively. Several songs, including both Vampire Killer and Bloody Tears were also featured in the soundtracks of other Konami games, including Konami Wai Wai World, Contra: Hard Corps, and Konami Krazy Racers. Rap group Army of the Pharaohs also used a sample of the song as a background for their song, also called Bloody Tears.[41]

Reception

Aggregate review scores
Game GameRankings Metacritic
Castlevania
70.92% (GBA)[42]
—
Simon's Quest
—
—
The Adventure
55.07%[43]
—
Dracula's Curse
—
—
Belmont's Revenge
83.50%[44]
—
Super Castlevania IV
82.06%[45]
—
Bloodlines
83.50%[46]
—
Dracula X
71%[47]
—
Symphony of the Night
93.03%[48]
93 [49]
Legends
52.88%[50]
—
Castlevania 64
72.71%[51]
78 [52]
Legacy of Darkness
63.80%[53]
—
Circle of the Moon
88.32%[54]
91 [55]
Chronicles
73.53%[56]
69 [57]
Harmony of Dissonance
85.12%[58]
87 [59]
Aria of Sorrow
87.86%[60]
91 [61]
Lament of Innocence
78.72%[62]
79 [63]
Dawn of Sorrow
90.35%[64]
89 [65]
Curse of Darkness
70.37% (PS2)[66]
70 (PS2)[67]
Portrait of Ruin
84.98%[68]
85 [69]
The Dracula X Chronicles
81.40%[70]
80[71]
Judgment
51.59%[72]
49 [73]
Order of Ecclesia
85.67%[74]
85 [75]
The Adventure ReBirth
81.10%[76]
82 [77]
Encore of the Night
74.88% (iOS)[78]
80 (iOS)[79]
Harmony of Despair
70.96% (Xbox 360)[80]
66.88% (PS3)[81]
68 (PS3)[82]
67 (Xbox 360)[83]
Lords of Shadow
82.70% (Xbox 360)[84]
83.33% (PS3)[85]
77.40% (PC)[86]
85 (PS3)[87]
83 (Xbox 360)[88]
81 (PC)[89]
Lords of Shadow – Mirror of Fate
71.81% (3DS)[90]
74.00% (Xbox 360)[91]
63.75% (PS3)[92]
72 (3DS) [93]
73 (Xbox 360)[94]
70 (PS3)[95]
Lords of Shadow 2
71.00% (Xbox 360)[96]
63.12% (PS3) [97]
58.10% (PC)[98]
70 (Xbox 360)[99]
63 (PS3)[100]
60 (PC)[101]

The Castlevania franchise has received significant amount of critical acclaim, with the most acclaimed game being Symphony of the Night for the PlayStation and the most panned being Judgment, with aggregate scores of 93 and 49, respectively, on Metacritic and 93.38% and 52.71%, respectively, on GameRankings.

Many of the games have appeared on lists of "best games ever". Symphony of the Night appeared at #16 on IGN "Top 100 games" and was one of the first to be introduced on the GameSpot "The Greatest Games of All Time". Both acclaimed the game to successfully making a game in 2D while the industry was moving to 3D.[102][103] Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse was named the 9th best 8-bit game by GameTrailers.[104] Super Castlevania IV was named the 11th best game of the SNES by ScrewAttack on their "Top 20 SNES Games".[105] The series as a whole was also named one the 4th best franchises in game ever by IGN, behind only Final Fantasy, The Legend of Zelda and Mario, and citing Super Castlevania IV and Symphony of the Night as highlights.[106] Aria of Sorrow was also named the 2nd best game on the Game Boy Advance and one of the must buys for the system, according to the same website.[107][108] Castlevania and Circle of the Moon appeared on Nintendo Power's "Top 200 Games" list.

In other media

Simon Belmont was one of the stars in the animated series Captain N: The Game Master.[109] He was a member of the N-Team, a group of mostly video game characters who defended Videoland against the antagonist Mother Brain from Metroid. Dracula, referred to only as "the Count", also appeared as a villain in Captain N. Alucard appeared in one episode, though he was portrayed as a rebellious skateboarding teenager. Several other Castlevania monsters had minor roles, including Frankenstein's Monster, the Mummy, the Wolf Man, and the Skull Knight. Simon is portrayed as egotistical on the show and his physical appearance differs from his design in the video game series.

The franchise also has its own toy line manufactured by NECA which consists of six figures of Simon Belmont, Alucard, Dracula (available in two variants with one variant with its mouth closed and another one with its mouth open showing Dracula's vampire fangs), Succubus and a Pixel Simon mini figure which was exclusively available as a promotional item at Comic-Con 2007 where the figures were first shown in full form.[110][111]

In 2005 IDW Publishing released a comic book adaptation, Castlevania: The Belmont Legacy, written by Marc Andreyko with art by E. J. Su. It was based on Castlevania: The Adventure.[112] In 2008, a graphic novel adaption of Curse of Darkness was released by Tokyopop in English.[113]

The franchise also consists of a calendar of Lament of Innocence available with the limited edition of the game and containing seven illustrations[114] and another released as a promotion for Castlevania Judgment from April 2009 – March 2010 containing images of various Castlevania characters from the game.[115] Artbooks of many games[114] have also been released. The franchise also contains comics, prize collection artworks of Symphony of the Night and Judgment as part of its print media.

Two collector cards series have also been released. One is available with Simon's Quest and the other with Symphony of the Night. Soundtracks of various games have also been released separately.

Film

In November 2005, Crystal Sky Pictures acquired the rights to adapt the video game series into a motion picture. The company attached Paul W. S. Anderson to write and direct the film adaptation, with production slated to begin in mid-2006.[116] Later in the month, Dimension Films entered negotiations with Crystal Sky for North American distribution of Castlevania. The film adaptation was estimated to have a budget of $50 million.[117] In July 2006, producer Jeremy Bolt explained that Castlevania will "integrate a Dracula origin story... with the story of the Belmonts". Bolt also said that the film would refer back to early versions of the games.[118] Director Anderson reiterated Bolt's description, adding that Dracula and Simon Belmont would be key characters in the film. Anderson also indicated that the "very lush, Romantic, Gothic look" of the 3D incarnations of the Castlevania series would be used in the film. He also expressed his hope in using the games' composer, Michiru Yamane, to score the film's soundtrack.[119]

In November 2006, Rogue Pictures replaced Dimension Films, who reneged over script differences, in handling North American distribution of Castlevania, with Crystal Sky Pictures handling international distribution. Paul W. S. Anderson described Castlevania to take place in many time periods, but primarily in 15th century Transylvania. The director and producer Jeremy Bolt had scouted locations in Hungary and Romania, with plans to build castle interiors in Budapest. Principal photography was slated to begin in spring 2007.[120]

In January 2007, director Anderson said the studio was still finalizing the film's budget, and filming would begin in fall or winter in Transylvania and Hungary. According to the director, the filming was postponed because production had desired snow on the ground for the film's forest scenes. Anderson described the locations: "It was like discovering Mordor as a real location — epic, dramatic, and above all scary. These locations haven't been shot properly in a mainstream movie, so that is always extra exciting... to put something on camera that hasn't been seen before." The director also revealed that post-production and effects work for Castlevania would be done in London.[121]

In June 2007, Anderson conceded directing duties to Sylvain White in order to take on the project Death Race, a remake of Death Race 2000. White, who played the Castlevania video game in the early 1990s, was attracted to the prospect of filming a vampire film. White explained: "Most of the vampire films have been present or set in the future, from Blade to Underworld, and I was attracted by the chance to make a dark, epic period movie that almost has an anime feel to it". The new director, who negotiated a salary of seven figures, will rewrite the script with Anderson's assistance. The premise will follow Trevor Belmont and his younger brother Christopher as they are ordered into service to the church, to take the cursed castle of Dracula and live up to the legend set by their ancestor Leon. Production of Castlevania was slated to begin in late fall 2007 in South Africa and Romania. Castlevania was planned for a late 2008 release.[122] In October 2007, Anderson said that he hoped to have a script within two or three weeks before the onset of the 2007 Writers Guild of America strike. Producer Jeremy Bolt said that production was intended to begin in spring 2008.[123]

In December 2007, Rogue Pictures halted active development of Castlevania due to the writers' strike and, later, the sale of the studio to Relativity Media and possibility of a screen actors' guild strike. Despite the shelving, White remains committed to direct the film.[124] On May 27, 2009, the Castlevania film was reported as officially canceled.[125] However, on July 22, horror website Bloody Disgusting broke the news that Saw co-creator James Wan had been signed to pen a new draft, as well as to direct.[126] A few months later it was reported that Paul W. S. Anderson is still circling the project.[127] In 2012, while promoting Resident Evil: Retribution, Paul W. S. Anderson stated that he would like to make it; however, the rights are an issue.[128]

TV series

An American animated series has been announced by the streaming service Netflix as part of its original programming.[129] The show is being showrun by Adi Shankar,[130] who had previously teased plans for an animated mini-series based on Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse in 2015,[131][132] and is written by Warren Ellis.[133] Fred Seibert and Kevin Kolde also co-produce.[130] The series is animated by Seibert's Frederator Studios and Powerhouse Animation Studios,[130] under Michael Hirsh's Wow Unlimited Media company. Two seasons have been planned, with the first season released on July 7, 2017 and the second season planned for release in 2018.[130] The first season is four episodes long at 23 minutes each, while the second season will run for eight episodes.[134][130][135]

Notes

  1. ↑ Known in Japan as Akumajō Dracula (悪魔城ドラキュラ Akumajō Dorakyura, lit. Devil's Castle Dracula)[1] and also as Castlevania (キャッスルヴァニア Kyassuruvania)

References

  1. 1 2 Konami (2007-10-23). Castlevania: The Dracula X Chronicles. Konami. Japanese: 悪魔城の城主、邪心の神、ドラキュラ伯爵の復活であった。 Konami translation by Ken Ogasawara: Dracula, lord of darkness, master of the devil's castle, walks among us.
  2. ↑ "Castlevania Release Information for NES". GameFAQs. CBS Interactive. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
  3. ↑ "Castlevania (1986) NES release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
  4. ↑ "'Castlevania' Creator Koji Igarashi: 'I Don't Feel That I'm a Big Deal'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
  5. ↑ "Windows Mobile – PocketGear.com: Mobile Apps, Software & Games for Windows Mobile, Symbian, Blackberry, Android, Palm and Java devices!". Classic.pocketgear.com. Archived from the original on 2008-08-04. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
  6. ↑ "Konami Mobile". Konami Mobile. Archived from the original on 2008-06-03. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
  7. ↑ Jeremy Parish, Famicom 25th, Part 17: Live from The Nippon edition, 1UP.com, August 1, 2008
  8. ↑ Kurt Kalata and William Cain, Castlevania 2: Simon's Quest (1988), Castlevania Dungeon, accessed 2011-02-27
  9. 1 2 Jeremy Parish, Metroidvania Chronicles II: Simon's Quest, 1UP.com, June 28, 2006
  10. ↑ Mike Whalen, Giancarlo Varanini. "The History of Castlevania – Castlevania II: Simon's Quest". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 2008-07-25. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
  11. ↑ Jeremy Parish (2005-10-26). "Hidden Gems". 1UP.com. p. 2. Retrieved 2011-04-14.
  12. ↑ "The Top 25 Videogame Franchises". 2006.
  13. ↑ "Whip Smart: Konami's Koji Igarashi On Mastering Castlevania". 2005. Retrieved 2010-12-06.
  14. ↑ "Castlevania: Portrait of Ruin Updated Hands-On". 2006.
  15. ↑ Kurt Kalata and William Cain, Castlevania: Lament of Innocence (2003), Castlevania Dungeon, accessed 2011-02-27
  16. ↑ God of War (PS2), 1UP.com, accessed 2011-02-27
  17. ↑ "Castlevania: the mega-interview". Game Radar. 2007. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  18. ↑ Emma Boyes (January 30, 2008). "Spot On: Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition". GameSpot. CBS Corporation. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  19. ↑ Matthew Price (April 30, 2008). "Guinness brings gaming records to the masses". NewsOK. OPUBCO Communications Group. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  20. 1 2 "Konami Castlevania timeline 2007" (in Japanese). Konami. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
  21. ↑ "Castlevania The Timeline". 20th Anniversary Pre-Order Bundle. Konami Digital Entertainment Co. Ltd. December 2006.
  22. ↑ "Lords of Shadow Interview for PS3". VideoGamer.com. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
  23. ↑ Kurt Kalata (2006-07-26). "Tales from the Crypt: Castlevania's 20th Anniversary Blow-out". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
  24. ↑ Vasconcellos, Eduardo. "Castlevania: Order of Shadows Q&A". IGN.
  25. ↑ Fletcher, JC. "Castlevania's last 'Rebirth' – as a pachinko machine". Joystiq.
  26. ↑ "Konami Parlor Entertainment's blog – February 28, 2012". Konami Parlor Entertainment. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  27. ↑ From Konami Parlor Entertainment's blog (120288: Posted on February 28, 2013) ｢悪魔城ドラキュラ 闇の呪印｣が元となっています (Pachislot Akumajo Dracula is based on Curse of Darkness). ラルフ側から見たもうひとつの物語が､ パチスロ版の悪魔城ドラキュラI･Ⅱのストーリーとなっています (Pachislot Akumajo Dracula I&II story is "another story" from Ralph's perspective).
  28. ↑ "Castlevania Storyline". The Castlevania Dungeon]. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  29. ↑ Ciolek, Todd (February 25, 2014). "IGN Presents the History of Castlevania". IGN. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
  30. ↑ Jonathan: The vampire's control seems to be fading. It's a success! / Charlotte: Well, of course. "No problem", as you would say. / Loretta: We... What have we been doing? / Stella: ... The heir to the Vampire Killer. Jonathan Morris, correct? I apologize for all that we have put you through. / Jonathan: Huh? Oh sure. N-No problem. / Stella: And Miss Charlotte, thank you so much for setting us free. / ... / Stella: One more thing. It's about the Vampire Killer. / Loretta: We can perform a ritual to unlock the power of the whip. Konami (2006-12-05). Castlevania: Portrait of Ruin. Nintendo DS. Konami.
  31. ↑ "Castlevania The Timeline". 20th Anniversary Pre-Order Bundle. Konami Digital Entertainment Co. Ltd. December 2006.
  32. ↑ Tennant, Dan. "Konami announces Castlevania: Lords of Shadow at E3 press conference". Gamepro.com. Archived from the original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2010-08-11.
  33. ↑ "New 3D Castlevania on GameCube?". GamesAreFun]. 2002. Retrieved 2008-06-13.
  34. ↑ "Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse regional comparison". Movie-Censorship.com. November 29, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
  35. ↑ Michael Thomsen (March 25, 2009). "GDC 09: Confronting Censorship in Videogames". IGN. Retrieved December 7, 2013.
  36. ↑ David Houghton (March 10, 2010). "Hilariously stupid game censorship". GamesRadar. Future plc. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  37. ↑ Martin Tsang (September 19, 2011). "Castlevania: The New Generation (aka Bloodlines)". Movie-Censorship.com. Retrieved August 11, 2014.
  38. ↑ Personal site of Kinuyo Yamashita, Work
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