Aiglun, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence

Aiglun
Commune

Coat of arms
Aiglun

Coordinates: 44°03′16″N 6°08′28″E / 44.0544°N 6.1411°E / 44.0544; 6.1411Coordinates: 44°03′16″N 6°08′28″E / 44.0544°N 6.1411°E / 44.0544; 6.1411
Country France
Region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Department Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Arrondissement Digne-les-Bains
Canton Digne-les-Bains-2
Intercommunality Provence-Alpes Agglomération
Government
 • Mayor (2014-2020) Daniel Jugy
Area1 14.89 km2 (5.75 sq mi)
Population (2014)2 1,356
 • Density 91/km2 (240/sq mi)
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
INSEE/Postal code 04001 /04510
Elevation 507–900 m (1,663–2,953 ft)
(avg. 700 m or 2,300 ft)

1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Aiglun is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

Geography

Aiglun is located about 6 km southeast of Digne following Route nationale N85, which runs mostly parallel to the Bléone river which forms the southeastern border of the commune. Highway N85 continues through the southern part of the commune towards the next town of Malijai. The village lies about 3 km north of the N85 along a country road, the Avenue Marius Autric, which loops through the commune to intersect with Highway D17 outside the southwestern border of the commune. No other major roads run through the commune, and access is via country roads and lanes. Much of the commune is forested, with patches of farmland.[1]

Hydrography

A large number of streams cover all parts of the commune, most of which flow into the Bléone river on the southeastern border, which is itself a tributary of the Durance river.[1]

Localities and hamlets

In addition to the village, the town has three other hamlets:

Neighbouring communes

Adjacent places of Aiglun, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
 Chateau-Arnoux-Saint-Auban Barras Champtercier
Mirabeau Digne
   Aiglun  
Mallemoisson Le Chaffaut-Saint-Jurson Entrages

Natural and technological hazards

All of the 200 communes of the department are in some seismic risk. The canton of Digne-les-Bains-2, to which Aiglun belongs, is zoned 1b (low risk) according to the classification of 1991, based on historical earthquakes,[2] and in Zone 4 (medium risk) according to the probability classification EC8 of 2011.[3] The commune of Aiglun is exposed to three other natural hazards:[3]

Aiglun is also exposed to a risk of technological origin: the transport of hazardous materials by rail, road and pipeline.[5] As regards the railway, the St. Auban to Digne line is closed and so there is no traffic. The National Highway 85 can be used for the road transport of dangerous goods.[6] Finally, the pipeline for feeding natural gas to Digne passes through the commune and is thus an additional risk factor.[7]

The prevention plan for foreseeable natural risks (PPR) of the commune was approved in 2006 for flood risk, landslide and earthquake[5] and the Dossier of communal information on major risks (DICRIM) has existed since 2011.[8]

The commune has been the site of several natural disasters: an earthquake in 1984, floods and mudslides in 1996 and 2001, drought in 1989, 1990, and 1998, and landslides in 1996.[3][9]

The earthquake of 19 June 1984 had its epicentre in Aiglun and a macro-seismic intensity of VI on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale (MSK).[9] On 25 July 2001 a storm with hail and rainfall of 150mm in three hours caused floods.[10]

Toponymy

The name of the town appears for the first time in texts of 1195 (according to Rostaing and Nègre) in the form: Aiglezino (and Aygladuno in 1319). The term is based on the Latin aquila meaning "eagle" and the Gallic dunum meaning "height" and would therefore mean "height of the eagle".[11][12] According to Fénié, it has two oronymic roots: *akw-il plus the Celtic dunum.[13]

History

In ancient times, the Bodiontiques (or Bodiontici) inhabited the valley of the Bléone, and so it was Gallic people who lived in what is now the commune of Aiglun. The Bodiontiques, who were defeated by Augustus Caesar at the same time as other people living in the area of the Tropaeum Alpium (from 14 BC to 14 AD), were attached to the Roman province of Alpes-Maritimes at its creation.[14] The Roman road linking Sisteron to Vence crossed the territory of the present commune.[15] Some Gallo-Roman tombs have been found.[16]

The community of Aiglun was under the Viguerie of Digne[15] and the church of the Bishop of Digne who received income related to the church. In return he provided his canons.[17] On the secular side, the village was divided between multiple lords (similar to feudal barons) which by 1315 had reached 22 in number.[18] The village was an ancient fortress called castrum de Aglenio in the Middle Ages.[16]

War Memorial of the Commune of Aiglun

At the end of the Second World War, the Liberation of Aiglun was marked by the passage of a column of the U.S. 36th Infantry Division on 19 August 1944, coming from Malijai as reinforcements to secondary column stopped at Digne, to outflank the German garrison at Digne.[19]

Until the middle of the 20th century, grapevines were cultivated in the commune on 55 hectares of land for local consumption. Part of the production was sold to Digne. This activity has now disappeared.[20]

Heraldry

 Blazon:

Azure, Fess of Or charged with three eagles of sable.[21]

Transport

The old railway line

The railway line from Saint-Auban to Digne passed through the town, but has been closed since 1991.

Economy

In 2009, the labour force was 589 persons,[22] with 55 unemployed.[23] The workers are mostly employed (86.6%) and mostly work outside the county (86.2%).[24] Most of those employed in the commune are employed in services and administration (64.3% in 2009).[25] Industry and construction employ 26.6%% of workers, and agriculture a little over 9%.[25]

At 1 January 2011, companies based in the municipality were mainly shops and services (32 of 60 establishments) and 14 companies in the construction sector.[26]

Agriculture

At the end of 2010 the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, and fisheries) had nine different establishments.[27]

The number of farms has increased only slightly in the 2000 decade, from 7 to 8 in 10 years, including four field crop farms, sheep farms, and polyculture farms.[28] From 1988 to 2000, the agricultural area has increased from 267 to 415 hectares, of which only 56 hectares are for cereals, and almost none for livestock.[29] During the course of this change the amount of agricultural land used doubled in the 2000s to 886 hectares.[28]

There were no olive trees in the commune at the beginning of the 19th century. Currently, there are a few small areas with olive groves with less than 1,000 plants.[30]

Industry

Bléone area, the main industrial zone of Aiglun

In late 2010, the secondary sector (industry and construction) had 26 different establishments, employing a total of 162 employees.[27]

Two of the largest employers in the town within this sector are:

Service activities

Carmelite Hospital at Aiglun

In 2009, the tertiary sector (trades and services) had 50 establishments (with 151 employees), plus 13 administrative establishments and public services (employing 223 people).[27]

According to the departmental Tourism Observatory, tourism is of secondary importance to the commune, with less than 1 tourist per inhabitant[33] and a limited capacity for accommodation.[34] Buildings to accommodate tourists are rare in the commune:

Finally, the secondary homes (holiday homes) are quite marginal compared to the total housing (less than 3%[25]).

Two of the largest employers in the commune are responsible for service activities:

Administration

The modern Town Hall at Aiglun

List of mayors

The mayoral election was an innovation of the French Revolution of 1789. From 1790 to 1795, mayors were elected by suffrage for 2 years. From 1795 to 1800 there was no mayor, the town simply designated a municipal official who was delegated to the Municipality of the canton.

In 1799-1800, the Consulate returned to the election of mayors who were then appointed by the central government. This system was maintained by the following regimes, with the exception of the Second Republic (1848-1851). After maintaining the authoritarian system, the Third Republic by liberalizing the law for the administration of communes on 5 April 1884: the municipal council was to be elected by universal suffrage and they to elect the mayor from among their members.

List of Successive Mayors of Aiglun[41]

From To Name Party Position
2001 2020[42] Daniel Jugy UMP

(Not all data is known)

Intercommunality

Aiglun has been a member of the Community of communes Asse Bléone Verdon since 1 January 2013.

Budget and taxation

The taxation of households and businesses in Aiglun in 2009[43]
Tax Communal portion Inter-communal portionDepartmental portion Regional portion
Residential Tax (TH) 11.07% 0.00% 5.53% 0.00%
Property Tax on Buildings (TFPB) 29.00% 0.00% 14.49% 2.36%
Property Tax on Empty Land (TFPNB) 60.00% 0.00% 47.16% 8.85%
Business Tax (TP) 13.87%* 0.00% 47.16% 8.85%

The regional share of the property tax is not applicable. The business tax was replaced in 2010 by:

(both of these form the territorial economic contribution).

Education

The town has a primary school.[44]

Population

In 2010, the commune had 1,278 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses conducted in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger towns that have a sample survey every year.[Note 1][Note 2]

Population change (See database)
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
313 343 340 374 360 352 345 360
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
358 349 337 325 298 293 268 259 231
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
239 220 218 187 174 158 173 251 233
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2010 -
162 174 371 713 1,011 1,038 1,174 1,278 -

Sources : Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1962, INSEE database from 1968 (population without double counting and municipal population from 2006)

Sights

The town hall has a vase (19th century)[45] which is listed as an historical object.

The Romanesque church of Saint Mary Magdalene, whose nave is dated to 1555,[46] is at Old Aiglun. Its construction used anachronistic techniques such as:

The church contains many items which have been listed as historical objects:

The cemetery church contains many items that are listed as historical objects:

The chapel of Saint John is on the road leading to Saint John, connecting the town centre to Old Aiglun. This was probably the first parish church in the community during the High Middle Ages.[15] It was abandoned in the second half of the 19th century.[15]

The modern village had a new church in 1974, whose patron saint is Saint Delphine.[15]

the Chateau of Villeneuve

The chateau of Villeneuve in Aiglun dates to the 17th century. It is a large rectangular building with turrets at each corner. A clinic was installed there in 1935. In the village, the old castle is in a state of disrepair.[63]

In the village, a few houses date to the 17th century.[64]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ At the beginning of the 21st century, the methods of identification have been modified by law No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002 Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine., the so-called "law of local democracy" and in particular Title V "census operations" which allow, after a transitional period running from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with a population greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is conducted annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is taken into account at the end of the period of five years. The first "legal population" after 1999 under this new law came into force on 1 January 2009 and was based on the census of 2006.
  2. ↑ In the census table and the graph, by convention in Wikipedia, and to allow a fair comparison between five yearly censuses, the principle has been retained for subsequent legal populations since 1999 displayed in the census table and the graph that shows populations for the years 2006, 2011, 2016, etc., as well as the latest legal population published by INSEE

References

  1. 1 2 Google Maps
  2. ↑ Préfecture des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Départmental Dossier on Major Risks in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence] (DDRM), 2008, p. 39 (in French)
  3. 1 2 3 Minister of Ecology, development, transport, and lodgings, Communal Notice on the Gaspar database created on 7 February 2012, consulted on 25 June 2012 (in French)
  4. ↑ Préfecture, DDRM, p. 37 (in French)
  5. 1 2 Préfecture of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Départmental Dossier on major risks in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, op. cit., p. 95 (in French)
  6. ↑ Préfecture, DDRM, p. 80 (in French)
  7. ↑ Préfecture, DDRM, p. 81 (in French)
  8. ↑ Dicrim for Aiglun, base Dicrim, consulted on 25 June 2011 (in French)
  9. 1 2 BRGM,Fiche 40176 Archived 2015-04-13 at the Wayback Machine., Sisfrance, consulted on 10 May 2013 (in French)
  10. ↑ Préfecture des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, DDRM, op. cit., p. 62
  11. ↑ Charles Rostaing, Essay on the toponymy of Provence since its beginning until the barbarian invasions, Laffite Reprints, Marseille, 1973 (1st edition 1950), p 39-40 (in French)
  12. ↑ TGF1, § 2725, p 173 (in French)
  13. ↑ Bénédicte Fénié, Jean-Jacques Fénié, Provincial Toponymy, Éditions Sud-Ouest, 2002 (réédition), ISBN 978-2-87901-442-5, p. 40 (in French)
  14. ↑ Brigitte Beaujard, The Cities of Southern Gaul of the 3rd to 7th centuries, Gallia, 63, 2006, CNRS éditions, p. 22 (in French)
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 Daniel Thiery, Aiglun Archeo Provence, published on 22 December 2011, consulted on 25 June 2012 (in French)
  16. 1 2 Michel de La Torre, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence : The complete Guide to 200 communes, Paris, Deslogis-Lacoste, coll. "Towns and Villages of France", 1989, Relié, 72 p. (non-paginated), ISBN 2-7399-5004-7 (in French)
  17. ↑ Daniel Thiery, Dating Essay », Archeo Provence, published on 7 February 2012, consulted on 25 June 2012 (in French)
  18. ↑ Thierry Pécout, Provincial Nobility and the power of the Lords, North Mediterranean Coast, Aspects of baronial power from Catalonia to Italy (9th–14th centuries), put online on 22 July 2005. Consulted on 26 January 2008 (in French)
  19. ↑ Henri Julien (Director of publication), Guide to the invasion of Provence, 15 August 1944, Digne-les-Bains, Éditions de Haute-Provence, 1994, ISBN 2-909800-68-7, p. 126 (in French)
  20. ↑ André de Réparaz, p. 56 and 59 (in French)
  21. ↑ Louis de Bresc Arms of the communes of Provence 1866. Re-edited - Marcel Petit CPM - Raphèle-lès-Arles 1994 (in French)
  22. ↑ Insee, Local Dossier - Aiglun Commune, p. 5 (in French)
  23. ↑ Insee, Local Dossier, p. 8 (in French)
  24. ↑ Insee, Local Dossier, p. 7 (in French)
  25. 1 2 3 INSEE Chiffres-clés: commune of Aiglun (04001), link corrected on 10 May 2013 (Fr)
  26. ↑ Insee, Local Dossier, p. 14 (in French)
  27. 1 2 3 Insee, Local Dossier, p. 16 (in French)
  28. 1 2 Minister of Agriculture, "Technical-economic Orientation of cultivation", Agricultural Census 2010 and 2000. (lien: N.B. Fiche done on 4,4 Mio) (in French)
  29. ↑ Insee, Agricultural Cultivation in 1988 and 2000, Insee, 2012 (Fiche of 24,6 Mio) (in French)
  30. ↑ Réparaz, Land lost, Land unchanged, Land won: grapevines and olives in Haute-Provence 19th-21st centuries, Mediterranean, 109p, 2007, p. 58 (in French)
  31. ↑ Chamber of Commerce and industry of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Cosepi France, consulted on 20 September 2012 (in French)
  32. ↑ Chamber of Commerce and industry of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, SARL Transports Martin, consulted on 24 September 2012 (in French)
  33. ↑ Departmental Observatory of tourism, Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, December 2008, p. 6 (in French)
  34. ↑ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 7 (in French)
  35. ↑ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 11 (in French)
  36. ↑ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 16 (in French)
  37. ↑ Insee, Local Dossier, p. 17 (in French)
  38. ↑ Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 32 (in French)
  39. ↑ Chamber of Commerce and industry of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Office Centre, consulted on 24 September 2012 (in French)
  40. ↑ Groupe IGH Official site (in French)
  41. ↑ List of Mayors of France (in French)
  42. ↑ Préfecture des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, List of Communes Aiglun to Braux (List 1), consulted on 10 March 2013 (in French)
  43. ↑ Local Taxes at Aiglun, Ed. taxes.com
  44. ↑ Academic Inspection of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, List of Schools in the district of Digne Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine., published on 6 April 2010, consulted on 31 October 2010 (in French)
  45. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002872 Vase (in French)
  46. ↑ Collier-Haute-Provence, p 151 (in French)
  47. ↑ Raymond Collier, p 180-181 (in French)
  48. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002868 Baptismal font (in French)
  49. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002867 Painting: Virgin and child with a bishop and a clerk in a scene of healing (in French)
  50. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002866 Statue: Saint Joseph (in French)
  51. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002865 Retable (in French)
  52. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002871 Cope (in French)
  53. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002870 Chasuble, Stole, and Maniple (in French)
  54. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04002869 Huméral Veil (in French)
  55. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04000887 Painting with frame: Bishop (in French)
  56. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04000886 Statue: Saint Joseph (in French)
  57. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04000885 Statue: Retable on the main altar and its painting: the Crucifixion (in French)
  58. ↑ Raymond Collier, p 470 (in French)
  59. ↑ Raymond Collier, p 477 (in French)
  60. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04000884 Processional Cross (in French)
  61. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04000883 Crucifix (in French)
  62. ↑ Ministry of Culture, Palissy PM04000888 Crucifix (in French)
  63. ↑ Raymond Collier, p 258 (in French)
  64. ↑ Raymond Collier, p 362 (in French)
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