Admetus

Herkules entreißt Alkestis dem Totengott Thanatos und führt sie dem Admetus zu by Johann Heinrich Tischbein (circa 1780)

In Greek mythology, Admetus (/ædˈmiːtəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἄδμητος Admetos, "untamed", "untameable")[1][2] was a king of Pherae in Thessaly.

Biography

Admetus succeeded his father Pheres after whom the city was named. His mother was identified as Periclymene or Clymene. He was one of the Argonauts and took part in the Calydonian Boar hunt.[3] Admetus' wife Alcestis offered to substitute her own death for his. The most famous of Admetus's children was Eumelus, who led a contingent from Pherae to fight in the Trojan War. He also had a daughter Perimele.

Mythology

Apollo and the Cattle of Admetus by Cornelius van Poelenburgh (1620)

Divine herdsman

Admetus was famed for his hospitality and justice. When Apollo was sentenced to a year of servitude to a mortal as punishment for killing Delphyne, or as later tradition has it, the Cyclops, the god chose Admetus' home and became his herdsman.[4] Apollo in recompense for Admetus' treatment—the Hellenistic poet Callimachus of Alexandria[5] makes him Apollo's eromenos—made all the cows bear twins while he served as his cowherd.[6]

Apollo also helped Admetus win the hand of Alcestis, the daughter of Pelias, king of Iolcus. Alcestis had so many suitors that Pelias set an apparently impossible task to the suitors—to win the hand of Alcestis, they must yoke a boar and a lion to a chariot. Apollo harnessed the yoke with the animals[7] and Admetus drove the chariot to Pelias, and thus married Alcestis.

Admetus, however, neglected to sacrifice to Artemis, Apollo's sister. The offended goddess filled the bridal chamber with snakes and again, Apollo came to Admetus' aid. Apollo advised Admetus to sacrifice to Artemis, and the goddess removed the snakes.

Heroism of Alcestis

Hercules Wrestling with Death for the Body of Alcestis by Frederic Lord Leighton, England (c. 1869-1871)

The greatest aid Apollo gave to Admetus was persuading the Fates to reprieve Admetus of his fated day of death. According to Aeschylus Apollo made the Fates drunk, and the Fates agreed to reprieve Admetus if he could find someone to die in his place.[8] Admetus initially believed that one of his aged parents would happily take their son's place of death. When they were unwilling, Alcestis instead died for Admetus.

The scene of death is described in Euripides' play Alcestis, where Thanatos, the god of death, takes Alcestis to the Underworld. As Alcestis descends, Admetus discovers that he actually does not want to live:

"I think my wife's fate is happier than my own, even though it may not seem so. No pain will ever touch her now, and she has ended life's many troubles with glory. But I, who have escaped my fate and ought not to be alive, shall now live out my life in sorrow."

The situation was saved by Heracles, who rested at Pherae on his way towards the man-eating Mares of Diomedes. Heracles was greatly impressed by Admetus's kind treatment of him as a guest, and when told of Admetus' situation, he entered Alcestis' tomb. He repaid the honor Admetus had done to him by wrestling with Thanatos until the god agreed to release Alcestis, then led her back into the mortal world. According to other accounts, Persephone, queen of the Underworld instead brought Alcestis back to the upper world.

References

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  1. ↑ Robert Graves, The Greek Myths rev. ed. 1960 (index).
  2. ↑ Karl Kerenyi, The Gods of the Greeks, 1951:138.
  3. ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, Book 1.9.16; Hyginus. Fabulae 14.173
  4. ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Bibliotheca, Book 3.10.4.
  5. ↑ Callimachus, Hymn to Apollo.
  6. ↑ Scholia. ad Euripides. Alcestis, 2
  7. ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheke 1.9.15; Hyginus, Fabulae, 50
  8. ↑ Aeschylus, Eumenides, 728.

Source

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