Addiction psychiatry

Addiction Doctor
Occupation
Names Physician, Psychiatrist
Occupation type
 Profession
Activity sectors
 Medicine, Psychiatry
Description
Education required
 Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.)
Fields of
employment
 Hospitals, Clinics
Related jobs
 Addiction Medicine

Addiction psychiatry is a medical subspecialty within psychiatry that focuses on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of people who are suffering from one or more disorders related to addiction. This may include disorders involving legal and illegal drugs, gambling, sex, food, and other impulse control disorders. Addiction psychiatrists are substance abuse experts. Growing amounts of scientific knowledge, such as the health effects and treatments to substance abuse, have led to advancements in the field of addiction psychiatry. These advancements in understanding the neurobiology of rewarding behavior, along with federal funding, has allowed for ample opportunity for research in the discipline of addiction psychiatry. Addiction psychiatry is an expanding field, and currently there is a high demand for substance abuse experts in both the private and public sector.[1][2][3]

History

Addiction psychiatry is a relatively new subspecialty of psychiatry. As of October 1991, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS), with support of the American Psychiatric Association, established a "Committee on Certification of Added Qualifications in Addiction Psychiatry." This was a way to identify the most educated and experienced psychiatrists in the profession; however, it was not until 1993 when "Addiction Psychiatry" was granted sub-specialization status. Years later, in 1997 the committee's board of trustees along with the ABMS renamed the committee "Committee on Certification in the Subspecialty of Addiction Psychiatry". The committee became more geared toward developing the subspecialty of addiction psychiatry. As of 1997, there were only 13 addiction psychiatry programs that the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education(ACGME) recognized. Currently the ACGME recognizes 45 different residency programs in the United States.[4][5][6]

Profession

Qualifications

In order to become a certified addiction psychiatrist, one must first have completed medical school and further be certified as a general psychiatrist. Next, general psychiatrists must commit themselves to an ACGME-accredited residency in addiction psychiatry. The addiction psychiatry residencies are one-year programs set in a hospital or clinical setting where general psychiatrists learn how to diagnose and treat substance-use disorders as well as potential coexisting psychiatric disorders.[7][8] After completing one of these residency programs addiction psychiatrists are then capable of being hired in either a private or public setting.

Status

An increase in pressure from local and federal governments to provide for patients suffering from addiction has resulted in the increased demand for addiction psychiatrists. Federal funding for the prevention of addiction has been carried out via block grants. These investments in addiction treatment yield savings in overall societal costs, as general health care costs diminish.[9][10] As of October 2010, the average salary of addiction psychiatrists was $151,000.[11] Additionally, 47 addiction psychiatrist appeared on US News and World Report's list of US News Top Doctors. A further 16 addiction psychiatrists were nominated by their peers to an even more selective group of America's Top Doctors.[12]

Treatment

Background

Addiction psychiatry aims to treat individuals with addiction issues along with co-occurring psychiatric disorders, otherwise known as patients with dual diagnosis.[13] Addiction psychiatrists treat a wide variety of patients of all ages with varying conditions. Each case of addiction is unique and addiction psychiatrists must cater to each individual patient.[14] Addiction psychiatrists must recognize the numerous factors that tie into each individual's struggle with an addiction. For example, substance abuse often occurs among individuals dealing with mood disorders and other social stresses. Addiction psychiatrists must be able to recognize, diagnose, and treat the disorders concurrent with the substance abuse issues. Furthermore, addiction psychiatrists must also recognize certain health effects from illicit drugs in order to properly treat each individual.

Methodology

Addiction psychiatry encompasses both medicine and psychotherapy, or professional therapeutic interaction, as the means of treating individuals. However, not all substance addictions contain approved medication for treatment. In a conventional addiction psychiatry session, addiction psychiatrists will gain a better understanding of their patient's lifestyle by gathering medical history and the patient's mental health concerns. Next, the psychiatrist will construct different possible solutions to the patient's problem; if necessary addiction psychiatrists will prescribe medication. Moreover, addiction psychiatrists recommend the benefits of 12-Step programs such as Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous and often encourage patients to seek external support. Addiction psychiatry can also be a method of recovery for those who have attempted to cease their drug or alcohol abuse without prior success.[15][16][17]

References

  1. ↑ American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry, "What is the Addiction Psychiatry Subspecialty?", 2012, "", 2/2/2013
  2. ↑ American Society of Addiction Medicine, "Definition of Addiction", April 19, 2011, "", 2/15/13
  3. ↑ National Institute on Drug Abuse, "Health Effects", December 2012, "",2/15/13
  4. ↑ ACGME, "Programs by Speciality- Addiction Psychiatry", 2012, "", 2/2/13
  5. ↑ American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, "Addiction Psychiatry", 2012, "", 2/2/13
  6. ↑ John T. Pichot, MD, Luz Starck, MD, John T. Harris, MD, Jeffrey M. Benzick, MD, Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health eJournal, "Addiction Psychiatry: Training, Certification, and Internet Resources", 1997, ""
  7. ↑ John T. Pichot, MD, Luz Starck, MD, John T. Harris, MD, Jeffrey M. Benzick, MD, Medscape Psychiatry & Mental Health eJournal, "Addiction Psychiatry: Training, Certification, and Internet Resources", 1997, ""
  8. ↑ ACGME, "Programs by Speciality- Addiction Psychiatry", 2012, "", 2/2/13
  9. ↑ American Society of Addiction Medicine, "Federal Funding for Addiction Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation", April 1, 1995, "", 2/15/13
  10. ↑ American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry, "Trainee FAQ", 2012, ""Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-02-18. Retrieved 2013-02-16.", 2/2/13
  11. ↑ Education Portal, "Addiction Psychiatry Education and Degree Program Options", 2012, "", 2/2/13
  12. ↑ US News and World Report, "Best Addiction Psychiatrists", 2012, "", 2/2/13
  13. ↑ Kathleen Brady M.D., Ph.D., "The Role of Addiction Psychiatry", 2013, "", 2/2/13
  14. ↑ National Institute on Drug Abuse, "Health Effects", December 2012, "",2/15/13
  15. ↑ Cedars-Sinai, "Addiction Psychiatry Program", 2013, "", 2/2/13
  16. ↑ National Institute on Drug Abuse, "Health Effects", December 2012, "", 2/15/13
  17. ↑ Canadian Psychiatric Association, "What do psychiatrists do?", 2012, "", 2/15/13
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.