Adana campaign

The Campaign for Adana occurred after Ottoman forces seized the city of Adana from the Mamluk Sultanate. The Mamluks would respond by sending a force under Commander and Chief Uzbek. The Mamluks would besiege Adana. The Ottomans responded by sending a large relief force that was defeated.

Background

The Ottoman Empire had launched a campaign in 1485 against the Mamluk holdings in Southern Turkey and in Cicilia Armenia, seizing areas such as Adana. The Mamluk Forces in Tartus Mountains withdrew to Aleppo. In order to respond, Sultan Qaitbey had Atabeg Uzbek launch a counter offensive. To this cause Qaitbey had granted Uzbek 3,000 Royal Mamluks as well as Nine of the 15 Emirs of 1,000. The force set off from Cairo to Damascus to Aleppo, recruiting local Syrian peasants along the way. In February the Mamluks arrived to Adana.

First Battle of Adana

After a peace message by Uzbek was ignored, the Mamluks confronted an Ottoman force outside the city. The Ottomans were quickly routed, with many fleeing. Around 800 were captured, including 17 commanders and paraded in Damascus, Aleppo, and Cairo. After the battle, the Mamluks besieged Adana.

Second Battle of Adana

When Sultan Bayezid II learned of the offensive on Adana, he sent Hersek-oglu to lead an Ottoman army to relieve Adana. Hersek-oglu was the son of Stjepan Vukeic, Duke of Herzegovia, who was sent as a hostage to the court of Mehmed II. There he grew up with Bayezid. When Bayezid seized power, he allowed Kersek-oglu to marry one of his daughters, as well as granted him a high position. Hersek-oglu's army would reach the Mamluks, when it's reconnaissance unit was routed by the Mamluks. The survivors managed to report that the Mamluks had less than 15,000 soldiers. The battle occurred on March 15th. There, Hersek-oglu's forces suffered a massive defeat. The Turkmen contingents fled during the beginning of the battle. Hersek-oglu and 200 of his Janissaries fought on despite being encircled. He was wounded and captured by the Mamluks.

After the battle, the Adana garrison of 1,500 fighters surrendered.

Results

The Ottoman prisoners were sent to Syria. The Mamluk victory allowed the Mamluks to re-establish contro lof Tartus and Adana. Despite attempts to broker peace by the Mamluks, the Ottomans would continue to launch further offensives.

References

^[1]

1. ↑ Struggle for domination in the Middle East : the Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485-91 By Har-el, Shai