Adama

Adama
Adaamaa (in Oromo)
አዳማ (in Amharic)
Nazret

The Addis Ababa-Dire Dawa Road in Adama, Ethiopia.
Adama

Location within Ethiopia

Coordinates: 08°32′29″N 39°16′08″E / 8.54139°N 39.26889°E / 8.54139; 39.26889Coordinates: 08°32′29″N 39°16′08″E / 8.54139°N 39.26889°E / 8.54139; 39.26889
Country Ethiopia
Region Oromia
Zone Adama Special Zone
Elevation 1,712 m (5,617 ft)
Population (2015)
 • Total 324,000
Time zone EAT (UTC+3)
Area code(s) (+251) 22
Climate Aw

Adama (Oromo: Adaamaa or Hadaamaa; Amharic: አዳማ, Ädama, Ādama), also known[1] as Nazret or Nazreth (Amharic: ናዝሬት?, Nazret), is a city in central Ethiopia and the previous capital of the Oromia Region.[2][3] Adama forms a Special Zone of Oromia and is surrounded by Misraq Shewa Zone. It is located at 8°32′N 39°16′E / 8.54°N 39.27°E / 8.54; 39.27 at an elevation of 1712 meters, 99 km southeast of Addis Ababa. The city sits between the base of an escarpment to the west, and the Great Rift Valley to the east.

Overview

Adama is a busy transportation center. The city is situated along the road that connects Addis Ababa with Dire Dawa. A large number of trucks use this same route to travel to and from the seaports of Djibouti and Asseb (though the latter is not currently used by Ethiopia, following the Eritrean-Ethiopian War). Additionally, the new Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway runs through Adama.[3][4][5][6]

Adama University (formerly Adama Technical Teachers College) is located in Adama. Adama Stadium is the home of Adama City FC, a member of the Ethiopian Football Federation league.

The city name Adama may have been derived from the Oromo word adaamii, which means a cactus or a cactus-like tree.[7] More specifically, adaamii means Euphorbia candelabrum,[8] a tree of the spurge family, while hadaamii would mean Indian fig.[9]

History

Following World War II, Emperor Haile Selassie renamed the town after Biblical Nazareth, and this name was used for the remainder of the twentieth century.[5] In 2000, the city officially reverted to its original Oromo language name, Adama,[5][10] though "Nazareth" is still widely used.[11]

In 2000, the government moved the regional capital of Oromia from Addis Ababa to Adama,[5] sparking considerable controversy. Critics of the move believed that the Ethiopian government wished to deemphasize Addis Ababa's location within Oromia.[12][13] On the other hand, the government maintained that Addis Ababa "has been found inconvenient from the point of view of developing the language, culture and history of the Oromo people."[11]

On June 10, 2005, the Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization (OPDO), part of the ruling EPRDF coalition, officially announced plans to move the regional capital back to Finfinne (the Oromo name for Addis Ababa).[14]

Demographics

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this city has a total population of 220,212, an increase of 72.25% over the population recorded in the 1994 census, of whom 108,872 are men and 111,340 women. With an area of 29.86 square kilometers, Adama has a population density of 7,374.82; all are urban inhabitants. A total of 60,174 households were counted in this city, which results in an average of 3.66 persons to a household, and 59,431 housing units. The four largest ethnic groups reported in Adama were the Oromo (39.02%), the Amhara (34.53%), the Gurage (11.98%) and the Silte (5.02%); all other ethnic groups made up 9.45% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 59.25%, 26.25% spoke Oromiffa and 6.28% spoke Guragiegna; the remaining 8.22% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 63.62% of the population reporting they observed this belief, while 24.7% of the population were Muslim, and 10.57% were Protestant.[15]

Languages spoken in Adama as of 2007 [16]

  Amharic (59.25%)
  Oromo (26.25%)
  Gurage (6.28%)
  Other (8.22%)

The 1994 national census reported this town had a total population of 127,842 of whom 61,965 were males and 65,877 were females.

International relations

Sister cities

Adama is twinned with:

Climate

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as tropical wet and dry (Aw).

Climate data for Adama
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 27
(81)		 28.1
(82.6)		 29.6
(85.3)		 30.1
(86.2)		 30.5
(86.9)		 29.6
(85.3)		 24.4
(75.9)		 26.1
(79)		 27.5
(81.5)		 27.9
(82.2)		 26.7
(80.1)		 25.7
(78.3)		 27.77
(82.03)
Daily mean °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6)		 20.4
(68.7)		 21.9
(71.4)		 22.6
(72.7)		 22.5
(72.5)		 22.4
(72.3)		 18.4
(65.1)		 20.6
(69.1)		 21.1
(70)		 20.1
(68.2)		 18.7
(65.7)		 18.1
(64.6)		 20.5
(68.91)
Average low °C (°F) 11.4
(52.5)		 12.8
(55)		 14.3
(57.7)		 15.2
(59.4)		 14.6
(58.3)		 15.3
(59.5)		 12.5
(54.5)		 15.1
(59.2)		 14.7
(58.5)		 12.3
(54.1)		 10.8
(51.4)		 10.6
(51.1)		 13.3
(55.93)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 11
(0.43)		 22
(0.87)		 45
(1.77)		 58
(2.28)		 43
(1.69)		 74
(2.91)		 201
(7.91)		 210
(8.27)		 101
(3.98)		 24
(0.94)		 13
(0.51)		 7
(0.28)		 809
(31.84)
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) 0 0 2 2 4 7 15 14 10 3 1 0 58
Source #1: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 1618m[19]
Source #2: Storm247 for rainy days[20]

References

  1. ↑ Alain Gascon, "Adaama" in Siegbert Uhlig, ed., Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2003, p.70.
  2. ↑ 2009 CIA map marks Nazrēt (Adama) as an administrative (regional) capital..
  3. 1 2 Eritrea and Ethiopia (Map). 1:5,000,000. Central Intelligence Agency. 2009. Map #803395.
  4. ↑ bing Maps (Map). Microsoft. 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-05.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Lindahl, Bernhard (2005). "Naader - Neguz" (PDF). Nordic Africa Institute. pp. 8–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-03. Retrieved 2011-09-20. The name was changed from Adama (Hadama) to Nazret (Nazareth) a little before 1948. This belonged to a general pattern of introducing Christian names instead of traditional Oromo names.
  6. ↑ Lindahl, Bernhard (2005). "Dil Amba - Djibiet" (PDF). Local History in Ethiopia. The Nordic Africa Institute. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2011-07-03. Retrieved 2011-09-20. The Franco-Ethiopian railway company in 1960-1963 carried out surveys for extending the railway with a 310 km line from Nazret to Dilla.
  7. ↑ "Origin and Development of Adama City". Adama City Administration. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
  8. ↑ Workineh Kelbessa (2001). "Traditional Oromo Attitudes towards the Environment: An Argument for Environmentally Sound Development" (PDF). Social Science Research Report Series (19): 44. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
  9. ↑ Ayele, Azimitachew (2010). "Chromosome Study of Local Farmers' Varieties of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae) from Tigray, Northern Ethiopia." (PDF). p. 1.
  10. ↑ "Aadu - Alyume" (PDF). Local History in Ethiopia. Nordic Africa Institute. 2008. p. 28. Retrieved 2010-11-11.
  11. 1 2 "Nazareth Selected as Oromiya's Capital". Walta Information Center. July 13, 2000. Archived from the original on 3 March 2006. Retrieved February 25, 2006.
  12. ↑ Hameso, Seyoum and Tilahun Ayanou Nebo (2000). "Ethiopia: A New Start?". The Sidama Concern. Archived from the original on 23 February 2006. Retrieved February 25, 2006.
  13. ↑ Mosisa, Abraham T. (January 13, 2004). "Letter to U.N. Secretary-General". Oromo Studies Association. Archived from the original on February 22, 2006. Retrieved February 25, 2006.
  14. ↑ "Chief Administrator of Oromia says decision to move capital city based on study". Walta Information Center. 2005-06-11. Archived from the original on June 13, 2005. Retrieved February 25, 2006.
  15. ↑ 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region, Vol. 1 Archived 2011-11-13 at the Wayback Machine., Tables 2.1, 2.5, 3.4 (accessed 13 January 2012)
  16. ↑ Central Statistical Agency. 2010. Population and Housing Census 2007 Report, National. [ONLINE] Available at: http://catalog.ihsn.org/index.php/catalog/3583/download/50086. [Accessed 10 January 2017].
  17. ↑ Uzaklar Yakinlaşti - Sivas Twin Towns Archived December 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.(in Turkish)
  18. ↑ "Aurora enters into first new sister city agreement: Adama, Ethiopia". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  19. ↑ "Climate: Adama - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
  20. ↑ "Weather for Adama, Ethiopia - Climate". Storm247. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2013.

Further reading

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