Georgia–European Union relations

European Union-Georgia relations

Europe
Georgia

Georgia and the European Union have maintained relations since 1996 in the INOGATE framework, and in 2006 a five-year "Action Plan" of rapprochement was implemented in the context of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). A more comprehensive Association Agreement is under ratification (as of 2015). A European Union Monitoring Mission was sent to Georgia in the wake of the 2008 South Ossetia war.

Georgia does not have any official status as a candidate for future enlargement of the European Union, but in 2011 Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili expressed a desire for his country to become a member state of the EU.[1] This view has been explicitly expressed on several occasions as links to the United States, EU and NATO have been strengthened in an attempt to move away from the Russian sphere of influence.[2]

The sign in the Simon Janashia Museum of Georgia (Tbilisi)

Adjara crisis (2004)

In Adjara, leader Aslan Abashidze was forced to resign in May 2004 following the Rose Revolution. EU CFSP Chief Javier Solana indicated in February 2007 that the EU could send troops to Georgia alongside Russian forces.[3]

South Ossetia crisis (2006–08)

The EUMM patrols the South Ossetian administration boundary line in armored SUVs in February 2012.

In July 2006 the European Union referred to then recent developments in South Ossetia zone of and to the Resolution of the Georgian Parliament on Peacekeeping Forces Stationed in the Conflict Zones, which was adopted on 18 July 2006 as follows:

After the 2008 South Ossetia war a EU cease-fire monitoring mission in Georgia (EUMM) was sent to monitor the Russian troop withdrawal from "security zones" established by Russia around South Ossetia and Abkhazia.[5] The mission started on 1 October 2008[6] and was prolonged by the EU in July 2009 for one year while the EU expressed concern that Russia was blocking other observers from working there[7] A United Nations Security Council resolution aimed at extending its UN Observer Mission in Georgia was vetoed by Russia on 15 June 2009.[8]

European Neighbourhood Policy Action Plan (2006–11)

On 2 October 2006, a joint statement on the agreed text of the Georgia-European Union Action Plan within the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) was issued. The Action Plan was formally approved at the EU-Georgia Cooperation Council session on 14 November 2006 in Brussels.[9]

Association Agreement (2013–present)

Georgian flag in front of Council of Europe

To enhance their relationship, the EU and Georgia began negotiating an Association Agreement (AA) and a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement.[10] In November 2012, EU Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood Policy Stefan Fule stated that the AA negotiations could be finalized by November 2013.[11] In February 2013, Tamar Beruchachvili, the Deputy State Minister for European and Euro-Atlantic Integration of Georgia, stated that Georgia had no plans to join the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia,[12] which Fule has warned Ukraine would be incompatible with the agreements with the EU.[13] A ceremony on the initialling of the AA by the Georgian Foreign Minister Maia Panjikidze and EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Catherine Ashton was held at the Eastern Partnership summit on 29 November 2013.[14][15] It was formally signed on 27 June 2014,[16] and had to be ratified by the EU, Euratom, their member states and Georgia. A second agreement, governing the country's involvement in EU crisis management operations, was also signed.[17]

The Association Agreement, much of which provisionally came into force in September, has been fully ratified by Georgia and all EU member states.[18] On 18 December 2014 the European Parliament approved the Association Agreement. Members backed the treaty by 490 votes in favour to 76 against, with 57 abstentions.[19] The agreement entered into force on 1 July 2016.[18]

Old Parliament building in Tbilisi
Georgia-European Union Association Agreement poster in Tbilisi
EU-States which ratified Association Agreement with Georgia

Ratification

Signatory Date Institution AB Deposited[18] Reference
Austria Austria 8 July 2015 National Council Approved 28 August 2015 [20]
23 July 2015 Federal Council Approved [20]
Presidential Assent Granted
 Belgium
23 April 2015 Chamber of Representatives 101 17 20 1 February 2016 [21][22]
Royal Assent (federal law)
1 July 2015
Walloon
Parliament 		(regional)
(community)
 63 2 4 [23]
61 2 4 [23]
22 June 2015 German-speaking Community 16 2 1 [24]
24 June 2015 French Community 71 0 8 [25]
20 November 2015 Brussels Regional Parliament 69 3 3 [26][27][28]
20 November 2015
Brussels United
Assembly [29]		 (FR language)
(NL language)
 53 3 1 [30][31]
14 0 2 [30][31]
17 June 2015
Flemish
Parliament 		(regional)
(community)
 82 18 [32]
87 19 [32]
24 June 2015 COCOF Assembly 71 0 8 [33][34]
Bulgaria Bulgaria 24 July 2014 National Assembly 91 0 0 9 September 2014 [35]
28 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [36]
Croatia Croatia 12 December 2014 Parliament 116 0 1 24 March 2015 [37]
18 December 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [38]
Cyprus Cyprus 7 May 2015 House of Representatives Approved 18 August 2015 [39]
22 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [40]
Czech Republic Czech Republic 18 March 2015 Senate 56 0 6 12 June 2015 [41]
29 April 2015 Chamber of Deputies 116 1 51 [41][42]
19 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [43]
Denmark Denmark 18 December 2014 Parliament 101 7 0 18 February 2015 [44]
Estonia Estonia 4 November 2014 Assembly 66 0 0 12 January 2015 [45][46]
13 November 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [45]
European Union European Union and EAEC 18 December 2014 European Parliament 490 76 57 19 April 2016 (EAEC)
23 May 2016 (EU)		 [19]
Council of the European Union
Finland Finland 10 March 2015 Parliament Approved 6 May 2015 [47]
24 April 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [48]
France France 29 October 2015 Senate Approved 15 December 2015 [49]
25 June 2015 National Assembly Approved [49]
9 November 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [49]
Germany Germany 8 May 2015 Bundesrat Approved 22 July 2015 [50]
26 March 2015 Bundestag Approved [51]
27 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [52]
Georgia (country) Georgia 18 July 2014 Parliament 123 0 0 25 July 2014 [53]
Presidential Assent
Greece Greece 18 November 2015 Parliament Approved 14 December 2015 [54]
24 November 2015 Presidential Promulgation Granted [55]
Hungary Hungary 25 November 2014 National Assembly 127 6 0 7 April 2015 [56]
5 December 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [56]
Republic of Ireland Ireland 27 January 2015 Dáil Éireann 58 19 0 17 April 2015 [57]
Italy Italy 26 November 2015 Senate 202 37 10 3 February 2016 [58]
29 July 2015 Chamber of Deputies 310 93 34 [58]
7 December 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [59]
Latvia Latvia 14 July 2014 Parliament 81 0 0 2 October 2014 [60]
18 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [61]
Lithuania Lithuania 8 July 2014 Parliament 84 0 1 29 July 2014 [62]
11 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [63]
Luxembourg Luxembourg 18 March 2015 Chamber of Deputies 55 2 0 12 May 2015 [64]
12 April 2015 Grand Ducal Promulgation Granted [65]
Malta Malta 21 August 2014 House of Representatives Approved 29 August 2014 [66][67][68]
Netherlands Netherlands 7 July 2015 Senate Adopted 21 September 2015 [69]
7 April 2015 House of Representatives 119 31 0 [70]
28 July 2015 Royal Promulgation Granted [69]
Poland Poland 5 March 2015 Senate 75 0 0 22 May 2015 [71]
6 February 2015 Sejm 439 0 1 [72][73]
26 March 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [74]
Portugal Portugal 2 April 2015 National Assembly Approved 8 October 2015 [75]
19 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [76]
Romania Romania 2 July 2014 Chamber of Deputies 298 0 0 14 July 2014 [77]
3 July 2014 Senate 111 0 2 [78]
9 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [79]
Slovakia Slovakia 23 September 2014 National Council 117 0 1 21 October 2014 [80]
16 October 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [81]
Slovenia Slovenia 13 May 2015 National Assembly 69 3 0 27 July 2015 [82][83]
21 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [84]
Spain Spain 27 May 2015 Senate Approved 28 July 2015 [85]
30 April 2015 Congress of Deputies 303 0 1 [86]
Royal Assent Granted
Sweden Sweden 26 November 2014 Parliament 249 44 0 9 January 2015 [87]
United Kingdom United Kingdom 23 February 2015 House of Commons Approved 8 April 2015 [88]
9 March 2015 House of Lords Approved [89]
19 March 2015 Royal Assent Granted [90]

Membership

The European Parliament passed a resolution in 2014 stating that "in accordance with Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, as well as any other European country, have a European perspective and can apply for EU membership in compliance with the principles of democracy, respect for fundamental freedoms and human rights, minority rights and ensuring the rule of rights."[91] Membership is welcomed by Georgians, with 77% of the population approving the government's goal to join the EU and only 11% opposing it.[92]

Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili said at a press conference in Brussels on 27 June 2014 that Georgia could be a full EU member within 5–10 years. However, he stressed that Georgia had not fixed a date for bidding for EU membership.[93]

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia has submitted an action plan for achieve accession to the European Union. The commission received information about the implementation of the Georgia-EU Association Agreement and the National Action Plan for the Implementation of the Association Agenda. As it has pointed out during the meeting, the European side, both in the last year's meeting of the Georgia-EU Association Council and the report of the European Commission, commended the reforms of the Georgian Government aiming at the implementation of the Association Agreement. The meeting also adopted the 2017-2020 Government Strategy on Georgia's EU and NATO Integration Communications.[94]

  Current EU members
  Candidate countries
  Potential candidate countries
  Membership possible

Visa liberalization dialogue

In June 2012, the EU and Georgia began a visa liberalisation dialogue to allow for visa-free travel of Georgian citizens to the European Union. The talks aimed to have a Visa Liberalisation Action Plan in place by the end of the year.[10] The action plan was delivered to Georgia on 25 February 2013.[95] The new project on 'Strengthening the capacity of the Georgian Government in border management and migration regulation' which was launched in Tbilisi by the EU Delegation to Georgia, will be implemented by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) and International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), the EU Delegation to Georgia said in its statement on 24 January 2014. Thus, Georgia will take another step towards visa-free travel to the Schengen area through an EU-funded project which will help to increase the capacity of the Georgian authorities in the field of integrated border management and migration.[96] In December 2015, the Commission issued a progress report that found that Georgia met all the conditions for its citizens be granted visa-free travel to the Schengen area.[97] The European Commission formally proposed Georgia be granted visa free travel in March 2016.[98] The Committee of Permanent Representatives gave its approval in October 2016, and it was approved by the European Parliament in February 2017.[99][100] On March 8, 2017 the Official EU Journal published a legislation allowing Georgians owning biometric passports to travel to the Schengen Area visa-free.[101] The legislation came into full effect on the 28th of March 2017, allowing Georgian citizens to travel for short periods to most EU member countries without a visa.[102]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Georgia proposes Ukraine cooperate in bidding to join EU". Interfax. 11 November 2010. Retrieved 2013-08-29.
  2. ↑ "Saakashvili: Georgia 'should never leave path' of EU integration". EurActiv. 8 November 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
  3. ↑ Solana raises prospect of EU soldiers in Georgia EU Observer
  4. ↑ Ministry Of Foreign Affairs Of Georgia – OSCE
  5. ↑ Q&A: Conflict in Georgia, BBC News (11 November 2008)
  6. ↑ Tbilisi Must Build Closer Relationship With EU, Former Georgian Envoy Says, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (5 October 2008)
  7. ↑ EU extends Georgia cease-fire monitor mission, Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review (27 July 2009)
  8. ↑ Georgia Slams Russia For Shutting Down UN Mission, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (16 June 2009 )
  9. ↑ EU, Georgia Sign ENP Action Plan, Civil Georgia, 2 October 2006.
  10. 1 2 "EU, Georgia Making 'Good Progress' in Association Agreement, Visa Liberalization Talks". Civil Georgia. 3 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-03.
  11. ↑ "EU Commissioner: EU, Ukraine May Sign Association Agreement Next Year". PR Newswire. 30 November 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-31.
  12. ↑ "Georgian minister: EU remains priority despite ‘Russian rapprochement’". EurActiv. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 2013-02-18.
  13. ↑ Auyezov, Olzhas (8 February 2013). "Reform quickly or lose deals, EU tells Ukraine". The Star. Retrieved 2013-02-09.
  14. ↑ "Initialling of the EU-Georgia Association Agreement". European External Action Service. 29 November 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-01.
  15. ↑ "Georgia-EU association agreement initialled". 29 November 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  16. ↑ "EU forges closer ties with Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova". European External Action Service. 27 June 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
  17. ↑ "President: Georgia is ready to contribute to EU crisis management operations". 29 November 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  18. 1 2 3 "Agreement details". Council of the European Union. Retrieved 2014-07-04.
  19. 1 2 "European Parliament ratifies EU-Georgia association deal". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  20. 1 2 "579 d.B. (XXV. GP) - Assoziierungsabkommen zwischen der Europäischen Union und der Europäischen Atomgemeinschaft und ihren Mitgliedstaaten einerseits und Georgien andererseits". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  21. ↑ "La Chambre des représentants de Belgique". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  22. ↑ http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/news/0000000061/votes20150423.pdf
  23. 1 2 "COMPTE RENDU INTÉGRAL, Séance plénière*" (PDF). Parlement.wallonie.be. 1 July 2015.
  24. ↑ "Ausfuhrlichter Bericht" (PDF). Parliament of the German-speaking Community. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
  25. ↑ http://archive.pfwb.be/100000002018075
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  28. ↑ "Séance plénière vendredi 20/11/2015" (PDF). Irisnet. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  29. ↑ "Assemblée réunie". Common Community Commission. Retrieved 2013-05-31.
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  31. 1 2 http://weblex.irisnet.be/data/arccc/cri/2015-16/00010/images.pdf
  32. 1 2 Parlement, Vlaams. "Verslag plenaire vergadering woensdag 17 juni 2015 19.29u - Vlaams Parlement". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  33. ↑ "Décret portant assentiment à l'Accord d'association entre l'Union européenne et la Communauté européenne de l'énergie atomique et leurs Etats membres, d'une part, et la Géorgie, d'autre part, fait à Bruxelles le 27 juin 2014 — Parlement de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles / Communauté française". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  34. ↑ "100000002018075". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  35. ↑ "Народно събрание на Република България - Стенограми от пленарни заседания". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
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  38. ↑ "Zakon o potvrđivanju Sporazuma o pridruživanju između Europske unije i Europske zajednice za atomsku energiju i njihovih država članica, s jedne strane, i Gruzije, s druge strane". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
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  41. 1 2 http://www.psp.cz/sqw/historie.sqw?o=7&t=336
  42. ↑ http://www.psp.cz/sqw/hlasy.sqw?g=60839&l=cz
  43. ↑ 2015, FG Forrest, a.s., www.fg.cz,. "Aktuální tiskové zprávy - Pražský hrad". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  44. ↑ "Folketinget - - 2014-15 (1. samling) - Svar på spørgsmål 1178842". Retrieved 3 February 2017. horizontal tab character in |title= at position 15 (help)
  45. 1 2 http://www.riigikogu.ee/index.php?page=en_vaade&op=ems&enr=705SE&koosseis=12
  46. ↑ http://www.riigikogu.ee/?op=ems&page=haaletus&hid=1dd8e44a-888a-45bf-9675-931cbf0a57b5&
  47. ↑ "Trip". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  48. ↑ "Finland ratifies EU association agreements with Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia - Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Current affairs". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  49. 1 2 3 français, Sénat. "Accord avec la Géorgie - Sénat". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  50. ↑ "Bundesrat - Suche - Entwurf eines Gesetzes zu dem Assoziierungsabkommen vom 27. Juni 2014 zwischen der Europäischen Union und der Europäischen Atomgemeinschaft und ihren Mitgliedstaaten einerseits und Georgien andererseits". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
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  54. ↑ "Αναζήτηση". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
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  67. ↑ "Maltese European Union Act" (pdf). http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/. Maltese Ministry for Justice, Culture and Local Government. Retrieved 2 September 2014. External link in |website= (help)
  68. ↑ "Foreign and European Affairs Committee - Twelfth Legislature (2013 - ) Sitting Number: 22 - Monday, 21 July 2014". http://www.parlament.mt. Maltese House of Representatives. Retrieved 2 September 2014. External link in |website= (help)
  69. 1 2 "Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal - Goedkeuring Associatieovereenkomst tussen de Europese Unie en de Europese Gemeenschap voor Atoomenergie met Georgië (34.115)". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  70. ↑ "Wijziging van de Wet op het primair onderwijs, de Wet op de expertisecentra, de Wet op het voortgezet onderwijs en de Wet educatie en beroepsonderwijs in verband met de invoering van het lerarenregister en het registervoorportaal". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
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  72. ↑ "Druk nr 3059". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  73. ↑ "Głosowanie nr 9 - posiedzenie 86.". sejm.gov.pl. Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
  74. ↑ "Ustawy podpisane - Marzec 2015 r.". prezydent.pl. Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  75. ↑ "Iniciativa". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  76. ↑ https://dre.pt/application/file/67282974
  77. ↑ "Votul electronic 02.07.2014". www.cdep.ro. ROMANIA Chamber of Deputies. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  78. ↑ "STENOGRAMA şedinţei Senatului din 3 iulie 2014" (PDF). www.senat.ro. ROMANIA Senat. 3 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  79. ↑ "Decrete semnate de președintele României, domnul Traian Băsescu, miercuri, 9 iulie a.c.". www.presidency.ro. ROMANIA President. 9 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  80. ↑ "Národná rada Slovenskej republiky - hlasovanie poslancov".
  81. ↑ "Prezident Slovenskej republiky". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  82. ↑ http://www.dz-rs.si/wps/portal/Home/deloDZ/zakonodaja/izbranZakonAkt?uid=B428512A14A97315C1257E3E00326306&db=pre_zak&mandat=VII
  83. ↑ http://www.dz-rs.si/wps/portal/Home/deloDZ/seje/glasovanje?mandat=VII&seja=13.%20Izredna&uid=814D8151F95D58F1C1257E440057412D
  84. ↑ http://www.uradni-list.si/_pdf/2015/Mp/m2015036.pdf#!/m2015036-pdf
  85. ↑ "Iniciativas parlamentarias - Senado de España". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  86. ↑ http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas?_piref73_2148295_73_1335437_1335437.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=IW10&FMT=INITXDSS.fmt&DOCS=1-1&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=ADJ&QUERY=%28110%2F000160*.NDOC.%29
  87. ↑ Riksdagsförvaltningen. "Ärende". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  88. ↑ Westminster, Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons,. "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 23 Feb 2015 (pt 0004)". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  89. ↑ Westminster, Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords,. "Lords Hansard text for 09 Mar 2015 (pt 0001)". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  90. ↑ "The European Union (Definition of Treaties)(Association Agreement)(Georgia) Order 2015". Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  91. ↑ "Georgia can apply for EU membership if it complies with democratic principles".
  92. ↑ "Public attitudes in Georgia: Results of a April 2014 survey carried out for NDI by CRRC-Georgia" (PDF).
  93. ↑ "Georgia can be full EU member in 5–10 years".
  94. ↑ "Meeting of State Commissions on NATO and EU Integration".
  95. ↑ "Commissioner Malmström presents Action Plan on Visa Liberalisation with Georgia". Europa.eu. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  96. ↑ "EU to assist Georgia in migration and border management". trend.az. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  97. ↑ "Commission Progress Report: Georgia meets criteria for visa liberalisation". European Commission. 2015-12-18. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  98. ↑ "European Commission proposes to lift visa obligations for citizens of Georgia". European Commission. 2016-03-09. Retrieved 2016-04-20.
  99. ↑ "Visas: Council agrees its negotiating position on visa liberalisation for Georgia". Council of the European Union. 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  100. ↑ "European Parliament Approves Visa-Free Schengen Travel For Georgia". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
  101. ↑ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L:2017:061:FULL&from=EN
  102. ↑ "Jubilant Georgians Ring In Visa-Free Travel To EU". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
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