Academic ranks in Finland

Academic ranks worldwide
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The following are academic ranks in the Finnish higher education system. There are a specific number of posts, which can be applied to when they are vacated or established.

Professors

Finland's system is similar to the traditional German system in that there is a limited number of posts for professors (professori), who head research groups and take part in administration in addition to lecturing. Fulfillment of a professor's post often requires that the previous professor has retired. Qualifications for a professor are a doctor's degree and an extensive independent publication record; the degree of lisensiaatti (licentiate) does not qualify. (For example, in medicine, the common degree equivalent to a medical doctor is a lisensiaatti degree: additional research and study is required for the degree called lääketieteen tohtori, "Doctor of Medicine.")

Teachers and researchers

Mid-career scholars immediately below the rank of full professor are called "yliopistonlehtori", a tenured position equivalent to a senior lecturership in the UK or an associate professorship in the US. The honorary title of dosentti is similar in required qualifications, but the related form of employment is often task-based (e.g., teaching a specific course, supervising a specific student) rather than full-time employment. When it does include full-term employment, it has fewer or no administrative responsibilities and may be combined with work at a company or another university. The alternative translation for docent is "adjunct professor".^[1] The rank of apulaisprofessori (literally "assistant professor", but may refer to positions at the level of assistant professor or associate professor depending on the university) is also in use for positions that are tenure-track rather than permanent).

Junior educators are called by other terms such as assistentti (literally "assistant" and is typically a position designed for PhD students), lehtori (lecturer), yliopistotutkija (postdoctoral researcher, literally: university researcher), opettava tutkija (teaching researcher), or yliopisto-opettaja (literally "university instructor").^[2] The same applies to researchers (tutkija, etc.).

Researchers and professors funded by the Academy of Finland are generally styled accordingly, "akatemiatutkija" and "akatemiaprofessori" (academy researcher and academy professor).

Academic Positions

Professori (Professor) is the head of a laboratory or a unit.
Yliopistonlehtori ("UK Senior Lecturer/US Associate Professor), tenured faculty position involving both research and teaching.
Dosentti (Adjunct Professor), is not necessarily permanently associated with the university but holds the right to teach (Latin: venia docendi) and supervise doctoral students, and has academic merits significantly exceeding a doctoral degree similarly to German Privatdozent and Swedish docent.^[1]
Lehtori (Lecturer), no longer in use; tends to be replaced with "assistant professor" tenure-track contracts.
Tutkijaopettaja (Associate Professor), a non-tenured senior position involving both research and teaching.
Yliopistotutkija (University Researcher), a position, generally temporary, for a senior researcher.
Tutkijatohtori (Post-Doctoral Researcher), a position for a junior post-doctoral researcher.
Yliassistentti (Senior Assistant), post-doctoral researcher or senior doctoral student position.
Yliopisto-opettaja or yliopistonopettaja (University Teacher), a junior teaching-oriented faculty position.
Assistentti (Assistant), a teaching-oriented position intended for doctoral students.
Tohtorikoulutettava (Doctoral student), Tutkija (Research Associate, Research Scientist) and Projektitutkija (Project Researcher) are positions intended for doctoral students
Tutkimusavustaja or Tutkimusapulainen (Research Assistant) is a Bachelor's or Master's student position.

Administrative Positions

Laboratorioinsinööri (Laboratory Engineer), a formally administrative position, the holders of which often conduct research and teach, however.
Laboratorioteknikko (Laboratory Technician), a junior administrative position similar to Laboratory Engineer

Typical organisational hierarchy

Kansleri (Chancellor), only in the Universities of Helsinki, Tampere, Turku and in Åbo Akademi.
Rehtori (Rector)
Vararehtori (Vice Rector)
Dekaani (Dean)
Laitoksen johtaja or osastonjohtaja (Head of Department)

References

Academic ranks overview
Overview	Faculty Ranks Titles Professorship
North American system	Adjunct professor (non-tenure track) Instructor (non-tenure track) Assistant professor Associate professor Professor (full) Chair/Distinguished Professor
Commonwealth system	Lecturer Senior lecturer Reader or Associate professor Professor
Researchers	Research assistant Research associate Research fellow Postdoctoral researcher
Other positions	Agrégation Docent Habilitation Privatdozent Teaching assistant Teaching associate

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