Abarelix

Abarelix
Clinical data

Trade names	Plenaxis
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Pregnancy category	US: X (Contraindicated)
Routes of administration	Intramuscular injection
ATC code	L02BX01 (WHO)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	96–99%
Identifiers
IUPAC name N-acetyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanyl-4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-D-alanyl-L-seryl-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl-D-asparagyl-L-leucyl-N6-isopropyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-D-alaninamide^[1]
CAS Number	183552-38-7^N
PubChem CID	16131215
IUPHAR/BPS	1188
DrugBank	DB00106^Y
ChemSpider	10482301^Y
UNII	W486SJ5824
KEGG	D02738^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:337298^Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1252^Y
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₇₂H₉₅ClN₁₄O₁₄
Molar mass	1416.06 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES O=C(N[C@H](C)C(N)=O)[C@@H]6CCCN6C(=O)[C@H](CCCCNC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](Cc2cccnc2)NC(=O)[C@@H](Cc3ccc(Cl)cc3)NC(=O)[C@@H](\nCc4ccc5ccccc5c4)NC(=O)C
InChI InChI=1S/C72H95ClN14O14/c1-41(2)32-54(64(93)80-53(17-10-11-30-77-42(3)4)72(101)87-31-13-18-60(87)69(98)78-43(5)63(75)92)81-68(97)58(38-62(74)91)84-70(99)61(37-46-22-27-52(90)28-23-46)86(7)71(100)59(40-88)85-67(96)57(36-48-14-12-29-76-39-48)83-66(95)56(34-45-20-25-51(73)26-21-45)82-65(94)55(79-44(6)89)35-47-19-24-49-15-8-9-16-50(49)33-47/h8-9,12,14-16,19-29,33,39,41-43,53-61,77,88,90H,10-11,13,17-18,30-32,34-38,40H2,1-7H3,(H2,74,91)(H2,75,92)(H,78,98)(H,79,89)(H,80,93)(H,81,97)(H,82,94)(H,83,95)(H,84,99)(H,85,96)/t43-,53+,54+,55-,56-,57-,58-,59+,60+,61+/m1/s1^Y Key:AIWRTTMUVOZGPW-HSPKUQOVSA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Abarelix (trade name Plenaxis) is an injectable gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH antagonist). It is primarily used in oncology to reduce the amount of testosterone made in patients with advanced symptomatic prostate cancer for which no other treatment options are available.^[2]^[3]

It was originally marketed by Praecis Pharmaceuticals as Plenaxis,^[2] and is now marketed by Speciality European Pharma in Germany^[4] after receiving a marketing authorisation in 2005. The drug was introduced in the United States in 2003, but was discontinued in this country in May 2005 due to poor sales and a higher-than-expected incidence of severe allergic reactions.^[5]

References

↑ "Abarelix". PubChem. 2017-07-29.
1 2 Drugs.com: Abarelix
↑ Boccon-Gibod, L.; Van Der Meulen, E.; Persson, B. -E. (2011). "An update on the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists in prostate cancer". Therapeutic Advances in Urology. 3 (3): 127–140. PMC 3159401 . PMID 21904569. doi:10.1177/1756287211414457.
↑ Pharmazeutische Zeitung online: Abarelix (in German)
↑ Boris Minev (13 January 2011). Cancer Management in Man: Chemotherapy, Biological Therapy, Hyperthermia and Supporting Measures. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 182–. ISBN 978-90-481-9704-0.

Gonadotropins and GnRH (G03G)

Gonadotropin
preparations

Gonadotropins	Follicle-stimulating hormone Human chorionic gonadotropin Luteinizing hormone Menotropin Urofollitropin
Progonadotropins	Sex steroid antagonists (via disinhibition of the HPG axis): Antiandrogens (e.g., flutamide, bicalutamide, enzalutamide) Antiestrogens/SERMs (e.g., tamoxifen, clomifene, enclomifene) Aromatase inhibitors (e.g., anastrozole) GnRH agonists (e.g., GnRH)
Antigonadotropins	Sex steroids (via negative feedback on the HPG axis): Androgens (incl. anabolic steroids, e.g., nandrolone, oxandrolone) D₂ receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (incl., domperidone, metoclopramide, risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, sulpiride) Estrogens (incl., bifluranol, estradiol, ethinylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol, paroxypropione) Progestogens (incl., chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, gestonorone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate) Others (mixed mechanisms of action): Danazol Gestrinone

GnRH modulators

Agonists	Buserelin (buserelin acetate) Deslorelin Fertirelin (fertirelin acetate) GnRH (gonadorelin) Goserelin (goserelin acetate) Histrelin Leuprorelin (leuprolide acetate) Nafarelin Triptorelin
Antagonists	Abarelix Cetrorelix Degarelix Elagolix^† Ganirelix Relugolix^§

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

See also: Androgens and antiandrogens • Estrogens and antiestrogens • Progestogens and antiprogestogens

Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators

Adiponectin

AdipoR₁	Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin ADP-355 ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon (–)-Arctigenin Arctiin Gramine Matairesinol Antagonists: Peptide: ADP-400
AdipoR₂	Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin ADP-355 ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon Deoxyschizandrin Parthenolide Syringing Taxifoliol Antagonists: Peptide: ADP-400

Angiotensin

Agonists: Angiotensin II
Angiotensin III
Angiotensin IV
Saralasin

Antagonists: Abitesartan
Azilsartan
Azilsartan medoxomil
Candesartan
Elisartan
Embusartan
Eprosartan
EXP-3174
Fimasartan
Forasartan
Irbesartan
Losartan
Milfasartan
Olmesartan
Olmesartan medoxomil
PD123319
Pomisartan
Pratosartan
Ripisartan
Saprisartan
Sparsentan
Tasosartan
Telmisartan
Valsartan
Zolasartan

Renin inhibitors: Aliskiren
Ciprokiren
Ditekiren
Enalkiren
Pepstatin
Remikiren
Terlakiren
Zankiren

Propeptides: Angiotensinogen
Angiotensin I

Bradykinin

Agonists: Bradykinin
Kallidin

Antagonists: FR-173657
Icatibant
LF22-0542

CGRP

Agonists: Amylin
CGRP
Pramlintide

Antagonists: BI 44370 TA
CGRP (8-37)
MK-3207
Olcegepant
Rimegepant
SB-268262
Telcagepant
Ubrogepant

Antibodies: Erenumab

Cholecystokinin

CCK_A	Agonists: Cholecystokinin Antagonists: Amiglumide Asperlicin Devazepide Dexloxiglumide Lintitript Lorglumide Loxiglumide Pranazepide Proglumide Tarazepide Tomoglumide
CCK_B	Agonists: Cholecystokinin CCK-4 Gastrin Pentagastrin (CCK-5) Antagonists: CI-988 (PD-134308) Itriglumide L-365,360 Netazepide Proglumide Spiroglumide
Unsorted	Antagonists: Nastorazepide

CRH

CRF₁	Agonists: Cortagine Corticorelin Corticotropin releasing hormone Sauvagine Stressin I Urocortin Antagonists: Antalarmin Astressin-B CP-154,526 Emicerfont Hypericin LWH-234 NBI-27914 Pexacerfont R-121919 TS-041 Verucerfont
CRF₂	Agonists: Corticorelin Corticotropin releasing hormone Sauvagine Urocortin Antagonists: Astressin-B

Cytokine

See here instead.

Endothelin

Agonists: Endothelin 1
Endothelin 2
Endothelin 3
IRL-1620

Antagonists: A-192621
ACT-132577
Ambrisentan
Atrasentan
Avosentan
Bosentan
BQ-123
BQ-788
Clazosentan
Darusentan
Edonentan
Enrasentan
Fandosentan
Feloprentan
Macitentan
Nebentan
Sitaxentan
Sparsentan
Tezosentan
Zibotentan

Galanin

GAL₁	Agonists: Galanin Galanin (1-15) Galanin-like peptide Galmic Galnon Antagonists: C7 Dithiepine-1,1,4,4-tetroxide Galantide (M15) M32 M35 M40 SCH-202596
GAL₂	Agonists: Galanin Galanin (1-15) Galanin (2-11) Galanin-like peptide Galmic Galnon J18 Antagonists: C7 Galantide (M15) M32 M35 M40 M871
GAL₃	Agonists: Galanin Galanin (1-15) Galmic Galnon Antagonists: C7 Galantide (M15) GalR3ant HT-2157 M32 M35 M40 SNAP-37889 SNAP-398299

Ghrelin/GHS

See here instead.

See here instead.

GHRH

See here instead.

GLP

GLP-1	Agonists: Albiglutide Dulaglutide Efpeglenatide Exenatide GLP-1 Langlenatide Liraglutide Lixisenatide Oxyntomodulin Semaglutide Taspoglutide
GLP-2	Agonists: Elsiglutide GLP-2 Teduglutide
Others	Propeptides: Preproglucagon Proglucagon

Glucagon

Agonists: Glucagon
Oxyntomodulin

Antagonists: Adomeglivant
L-168,049
LGD-6972

Propeptides: Preproglucagon
Proglucagon

GnRH

Antagonists: Peptide: Abarelix
Acyline
Cetrorelix
Degarelix
Detirelix
Ganirelix
Iturelix
Ozarelix
Prazarelix
Ramorelix
Teverelix (antarelix); Non-peptide: ASP-1707
Elagolix
KLH-2109 (OBE-2109)
Relugolix
Sufugolix

Gonadotropin

LH/CG	Agonists: Choriogonadotropin alfa Human chorionic gonadotropin Luteinizing hormone Lutropin alfa Menotropin (human menopausal gonadotropin)
FSH	Agonists: Corifollitropin alfa Follicle-stimulating hormone Follitropin alfa Follitropin beta Follitropin epsilon Menotropin (human menopausal gonadotropin) Urofollitropin Varfollitropin alfa NAMs: ADX-61623

Growth factor

See here instead.

Insulin

Antagonists: BMS-754807
S661
S961

Kinase inhibitors: Linsitinib

Antibodies: Xentuzumab (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)

Kisspeptin

Agonists: Kisspeptin
Kisspeptin-10

Antagonists: Kisspeptin-234

Leptin

Agonists: Leptin
Metreleptin

MCH

MCH₁	Agonists: Melanin concentrating hormone Antagonists: ATC-0065 ATC-0175 GW-803430 NGD-4715 SNAP-7941 SNAP-94847
MCH₂	Agonists: Melanin concentrating hormone

Melanocortin

See here instead.

Neuropeptide FF

Agonists: Neuropeptide AF
Neuropeptide FF
Neuropeptide SF (RFRP-1)
Neuropeptide VF (RFRP-3)

Antagonists: BIBP-3226
RF9

Neuropeptide S

Agonists: Neuropeptide S

Antagonists: ML-154
SHA-68

Neuropeptide Y

Y₁	Agonists: Neuropeptide Y Peptide YY Antagonists: BIBO-3304 BIBP-3226 BVD-10 GR-231118 PD-160170
Y₂	Agonists: 2-Thiouridine 5'-triphosphate Neuropeptide Y Neuropeptide Y (13-36) Peptide YY Peptide YY (3-36) Antagonists: BIIE-0246 JNJ-5207787 SF-11
Y₄	Agonists: GR-231118 Neuropeptide Y Pancreatic polypeptide Peptide YY Antagonists: UR-AK49
Y₅	Agonists: BWX-46 Neuropeptide Y Peptide YY Antagonists: CGP-71683 FMS-586 L-152,804 Lu AA-33810 MK-0557 NTNCB Velneperit (S-2367)

Neurotensin

NTS₁	Agonists: Neurotensin Neuromedin N Antagonists: Meclinertant SR-142948
NTS₂	Agonists: Neurotensin Antagonists: Levocabastine SR-142948

Opioid

See here instead.

Orexin

OX₁	Agonists: Orexin (A, B) Antagonists: ACT-335827 ACT-462206 Almorexant Filorexant Lemborexant SB-334867 SB-408124 SB-649868 Suvorexant TCS-1102
OX₂	Agonists: Orexin (A, B) SB-668875 Antagonists: ACT-335827 ACT-462206 Almorexant EMPA Filorexant JNJ-10397049 Lemborexant MK-1064 SB-649868 Seltorexant Suvorexant TCS-1102 TCS-OX2-29

Oxytocin

See here instead.

Prolactin

Agonists: Growth hormone
Human placental lactogen
Placental growth hormone (growth hormone variant)
Prolactin
S179D-hPRL
Somatotropin

Antagonists: Δ1–9-G129R-hPRL
Δ1–14-G129R-hPRL
G120K-hGH
G129R-hPRL

Prolactin modulators: Prolactin inhibitors: D₂ receptor agonists (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline); Prolactin releasers: D₂ receptor antagonists (e.g., domperidone, metoclopramide, risperidone)
Estrogens (e.g., estradiol)
Progestogens (e.g., progesterone)

PTH

Agonists: Abaloparatide
Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)
Semparatide
Teriparatide

Relaxin

Somatostatin

See here instead.

Tachykinin

See here instead.

TRH

Agonists: Azetirelin
Fertirelin
Montirelin
Orotirelin
Posatirelin
Protirelin
Rovatirelin
Taltirelin
TRH (TRF)

TSH

Agonists: Thyrotropin alfa
TSH (thyrotropin)

Vasopressin

See here instead.

VIP/PACAP

VIPR₁	Agonists: Peptide: Bay 55-9837 LBT-3393 PACAP VIP
VIPR₂	Agonists: Peptide: LBT-3627 PACAP VIP
PAC₁	Agonists: PACAP PACAP (1-27) PACAP (1-38) Antagonists: PACAP (6-38)
Unsorted	PHI PHM PHV

Others

Endogenous: Adrenomedullin
Apelin
Asprosin
Bombesin
Calcitonin
Carnosine
CART
CLIP
DSIP
Enteroglucagon
Formyl peptide
GALP
GIP
GRP
Integrin ligands (collagens, fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminins, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, osteopontin, VCAM-1, vitronectin)
Kininogens
Motilin
Natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, CNP, urodilatin)
Nesfatin-1
Neuromedin B
Neuromedin N
Neuromedin S
Neuromedin U
Obestatin
Osteocalcin
Resistin
Secretin
Thymopoietin
Thymosins
Thymulin
Urotensin-II
VGF

Exogenous: Lifitegrast (LFA-1 antagonist)

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators

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