83rd United States Congress
| 83rd United States Congress | |
|---|---|
|
82nd ← → 84th | |
|
(1956) | |
| January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955 | |
| Senate President |
Alben W. Barkley (D) until January 20, 1953 Richard Nixon (R) from January 20, 1953 |
| Senate Pres. pro tem | Styles Bridges (R) |
| House Speaker | Joseph William Martin, Jr. (R) |
| Members |
96 Senators 435 Representatives 3 Non-voting members |
| Senate Majority | Republican |
| House Majority | Republican |
| Sessions | |
|
1st: January 3, 1953 – August 3, 1953 2nd: January 6, 1954 – December 2, 1954 | |
The Eighty-third United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1953, to January 3, 1955, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Seventeenth Census of the United States in 1950.
Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
- January 20, 1953: Dwight Eisenhower is sworn in as President of the United States in his first inauguration
- March 1, 1954: U.S. Capitol shooting incident
- December 2, 1954: Joseph McCarthy is censured by the U.S. Senate
Major legislation
President Eisenhower signs the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.
- July 3, 1953: Small Business Act, Pub.L. 83–163, ch. 282, 67 Stat. 232
- August 7, 1953: Refugee Relief Act, Pub.L. 83–203
- August 7, 1953: Submerged Lands Act, ch. 345, 67 Stat. 462
- August 14, 1953: Public Law 280, Pub.L. 83–280, 18 U.S.C. § 1162
- May 13, 1954: Saint Lawrence Seaway Act, ch. 201, 68 Stat. 92
- August 12, 1954: Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act, ch. 649, title II, §201, 68 Stat. 612
- August 13, 1954: Multiple Mineral Development Act, ch. 730, 68 Stat. 708
- August 16, 1954: Internal Revenue Code of 1954, Pub.L. 83–591, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 3
- Federal Unemployment Tax Act, §1(d), 68A Stat. 439
- National Firearms Act, §1(d), 68A Stat. 721
- August 24, 1954: Communist Control Act of 1954, ch. 886, 68 Stat. 775
- August 30, 1954: Atomic Energy Act of 1954, 68 Stat. 919
- 1954: Agricultural Act of 1954
- 1954: Water Facilities Act of 1954
Key Votes
Senate
| Legislation | Party | Yea | Nay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Formosa Policy | Democrats | 12 | 32 |
| January 28, 1955 | Republicans | 1 | 42 |
| Rejected | 13 | 74 | |
| China Mutual Defense Treaty | Democrats | 9 | 33 |
| February 9, 1955 | Republicans | 1 | 27 |
| Rejected | 10 | 60 | |
| Raising Congressional Salaries | Democrats | 30 | 13 |
| February 23, 1955 | Republicans | 32 | 11 |
| Passed | 62 | 24 | |
House of Representatives
| Legislation | Party | Yea | Nay |
|---|---|---|---|
| Raising Congressional Salaries | Democrats | 166 | 59 |
| February 16, 1955 | Republicans | 117 | 59 |
| Passed | 283 | 118 | |
| Reciprocal Trade Extension | Democrats | 80 | 140 |
| February 18, 1955 | Republicans | 119 | 66 |
| Rejected | 199 | 206 | |
| Reciprocal Trade Extension | Democrats | 186 | 35 |
| February 18, 1955 | Republicans | 109 | 75 |
| Passed | 295 | 110 | |
| Taxation | Democrats | 16 | 205 |
| February 25, 1955 | Republicans | 189 | 5 |
| Rejected | 205 | 210 | |
Party summary
Senate
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Independent (I) | Republican (R) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 47 | 0 | 48 | 95 | 1 |
| Begin | 47 | 1 | 48 | 96 | 0 |
| End | |||||
| Final voting share | 49.0% | 1.0% | 50.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 48 | 1 | 47 | 96 | 0 |
House of Representatives
221 Republicans, 213 Democrats, 1 Independent
Total Membership: 435 Representatives, 2 Delegates, 1 Resident Commissioner
Leadership
Senate
- President: Alben W. Barkley (D), until January 20, 1953
- Richard M. Nixon (R), from January 20, 1953
- President pro tempore: Styles Bridges (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Robert A. Taft, until July 31, 1953 (died)
- William F. Knowland, from August 3, 1953
- Majority Whip: Leverett Saltonstall
- Conference Chairman: Eugene Millikin
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Charles A. Halleck
- Majority Whip: Leslie C. Arends
- Conference Chairman: Clifford R. Hope
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Caucuses
Members
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Within each state, senators are listed in order of seniority. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1954; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1956; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1958.
House of Representatives
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
|---|---|
80+% to 100% Democratic |
80+% to 100% Republican |
60+% to 80% Democratic |
60+% to 80% Republican |
Up to 60% Democratic |
Up to 60% Republican |
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.
Senate
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Carolina (2) |
Willis Smith (D) | Died June 26, 1953. Successor appointed July 10, 1953. |
Alton Lennon (D) | July 10, 1953 |
| New Hampshire (3) |
Charles W. Tobey (R) | Died July 24, 1953. Successor appointed August 14, 1953. |
Robert W. Upton (R) | August 14, 1953 |
| Ohio (3) |
Robert A. Taft (R) | Died July 31, 1953. Successor appointed November 10, 1953. |
Thomas A. Burke (D) | November 10, 1953 |
| Nebraska (2) |
Dwight Griswold (R) | Died April 12, 1954. Successor appointed April 16, 1954. |
Eva Bowring (R) | April 16, 1954 |
| North Carolina (3) |
Clyde R. Hoey (D) | Died May 12, 1954. Successor appointed May 12, 1954 and then elected November 2, 1954. |
Sam Ervin (D) | June 5, 1954 |
| Wyoming (2) |
Lester C. Hunt (D) | Died June 19, 1954. Successor appointed June 24, 1954. |
Edward D. Crippa (R) | June 24, 1954 |
| Nebraska (1) |
Hugh A. Butler (R) | Died July 1, 1954. Successor appointed July 3, 1954. |
Samuel W. Reynolds (R) | July 3, 1954 |
| South Carolina (2) |
Burnet R. Maybank (D) | Died September 1, 1954. Successor appointed September 6, 1954. |
Charles E. Daniel (D) | September 6, 1954 |
| Nevada (3) |
Pat McCarran (D) | Died September 28, 1954. Successor appointed October 1, 1954. |
Ernest S. Brown (R) | October 1, 1954 |
| Nebraska (1) |
Samuel W. Reynolds (R) | Did not run in the special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Roman Hruska (R) | November 8, 1954 |
| Nebraska (2) |
Eva Bowring (R) | Did not run in the special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Hazel Abel (R) | November 8, 1954 |
| New Hampshire (3) |
Robert W. Upton (R) | Lost special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Norris Cotton (R) | November 8, 1954 |
| North Carolina (2) |
Alton Lennon (D) | Lost special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
W. Kerr Scott (D) | November 29, 1954 |
| Wyoming (2) |
Edward D. Crippa (R) | Did not run in the special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Joseph C. O'Mahoney (D) | November 29, 1954 |
| Nevada (3) |
Ernest S. Brown (R) | Lost special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
Alan Bible (D) | December 2, 1954 |
| Ohio (3) |
Thomas A. Burke (D) | Lost special election to fill seat. Successor elected November 2, 1954. |
George H. Bender (R) | December 16, 1954 |
| South Carolina (2) |
Charles E. Daniel (D) | Resigned December 23, 1954. Successor appointed December 24, 1954. |
Strom Thurmond (D) | December 24, 1954 |
| Nebraska (2) |
Hazel Abel (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954. Successor was appointed January 1, 1955. |
Carl Curtis (R) | January 1, 1955 |
House of Representatives
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgia 2nd | Vacant | Rep. Edward E. Cox died during previous congress | J. L. Pilcher (D) | February 4, 1953 |
| Illinois 7th | Vacant | Rep. Adolph J. Sabath died during previous congress | James Bowler (D) | July 7, 1953 |
| Virginia 5th | Thomas B. Stanley (D) | resigned February 3, 1953, to run for Governor of Virginia | William M. Tuck (D) | April 14, 1953 |
| South Carolina 4th | Joseph R. Bryson (D) | Died March 10, 1953 | Robert T. Ashmore (D) | June 2, 1953 |
| Kentucky 2nd | Garrett L. Withers (D) | Died April 30, 1953 | William H. Natcher (D) | August 1, 1953 |
| Wisconsin 9th | Merlin Hull (R) | Died May 17, 1953 | Lester Johnson (D) | October 13, 1953 |
| California 24th | Norris Poulson (R) | Resigned June 11, 1953, after being elected Mayor of Los Angeles | Glenard P. Lipscomb (R) | November 10, 1953 |
| New Jersey 6th | Clifford P. Case (R) | Resigned August 16, 1953 | Harrison A. Williams (D) | November 3, 1953 |
| Hawaii Territory At-large | Joseph R. Farrington (R) | Resigned June 19, 1954 | Elizabeth P. Farrington (R) | August 4, 1954 |
| New York 8th | Louis B. Heller (D) | Resigned July 21, 1954, after being appointed judge of the Court of Special Sessions of New York City | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Georgia 4th | A. Sidney Camp (D) | Died July 24, 1954 | John J. Flynt, Jr. (D) | November 2, 1954 |
| Michigan 3rd | Paul W. Shafer (R) | Died August 17, 1954 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Ohio 15th | Robert T. Secrest (D) | Resigned September 26, 1954 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| New Hampshire 2nd | Norris Cotton (R) | Resigned November 7, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Nebraska 2nd | Roman Hruska (R) | Resigned November 8, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Florida 6th | Dwight L. Rogers (D) | Died December 1, 1954 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Ohio 15th | George H. Bender (R) | Resigned December 15, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Nebraska 1st | Carl Curtis (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954, after being elected to the U.S. Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| New York 21st | Jacob K. Javits (R) | Resigned December 31, 1954, after being elected New York Attorney General | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (2 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
Senate
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Censure Charges against Senator McCarthy (Select)
- Compensation of Members of Congress (Select)
- District of Columbia
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- Government Operations
- Interior and Insular Affairs
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce
- Judiciary
- Labor and Public Welfare
- Mail Cover on Senators (Special)
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Public Works
- Small Business (Select)
- Subcommittee on Internal Security
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Agriculture
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Benefits for Dependents of Armed Services Veterans (Select)
- Defense Production
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Foreign Affairs
- House Administration
- Investigate the Incorporation of the Baltic States into the U.S.S.R. (Select)
- Interior and Insular Affairs
- Government Operations
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Public Works
- Rules
- Small Business (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Un-American Activities
- Veterans' Affairs
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Atomic Energy
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- Disposition of Executive Papers
- Economic
- Immigration and Nationality Policy
- Legislative Budget
- The Library
- Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration
- Printing
- Railroad Retirement Legislation
- Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures
- Taxation
Employees
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn (January 3, 1953 – September 30, 1954); J. George Stewart (September 30, 1954 – January 3, 1955)
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver
- Comptroller General of the United States: Lindsay C. Warren (until April 30, 1954), Joseph Campbell (starting December 14, 1954)
- Librarian of Congress: Luther H. Evans (until 1953), Lawrence Quincy Mumford (starting 1954)
- Public Printer of the United States: John J. Deviny (until 1953), Raymond Blattenberger (starting 1953)
Senate
- Chaplain: Frederick Brown Harris (Methodist)
- Parliamentarian: Charles Watkins
- Secretary: J. Mark Trice
- Sergeant at Arms: Forest A. Harness
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Bernard Braskamp
- Clerk: Lyle O. Snader
- Doorkeeper: Tom Kennamer
- Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
- Postmaster: Beecher Hess
- Reading Clerks: N/A (R) and N/A (D)
- Sergeant at Arms: William F. Russell, died July 7, 1953
- Lyle O. Snader, July 8, 1953 – September 15, 1953
- William R. Bonnell, from September 15, 1953
See also
- United States elections, 1952 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1954 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
External links
- House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 83rd Congress (PDF).
- Official Congressional Directory for the 83rd Congress, 1st Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 83rd Congress, 2nd Session.
- Pocket Congressional Directory for the 83rd Congress.
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