82d Operations Group

82d Operations Group
Emblem of the 82d Fighter Group
Active	1942–1958 1991–1993
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Flying Training
Part of	Air Education and Training Command
Motto(s)	Adorimini – Up and at'em!
Engagements	World War II European Campaign (1942–1945)

The 82d Operations Group (82 OG) is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 82d Training Wing, stationed at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona. It was inactivated on 31 March 1993.

History

A formation of P-38 Lightnings from the 96th Fighter Squadron, 82nd Fighter Group over Italy, 1944

World War II

The history of the 82d Operations Group goes back to 13 January 1942, when the War Department constituted the 82d Pursuit Group (Interceptor).^[1]

The 82d was activated at Harding Field, Baton Rouge, Louisiana on 9 February 1942.^[1] From February 1942 to 9 September 1945, the primary components of the group were the 95th, 96th and 97th Pursuit (later Fighter) Squadrons.^[2]

At the end of April 1942 when it had sufficient personnel and equipment, the 82d moved to Muroc Army Air Field, California, and started formation flying and gunnery and bombing training with Lockheed P-38 Lightning aircraft.^[1] In May the War Department redesignated the unit as the 82d Fighter Group (Two Engine). The group left California in September and arrived in Northern Ireland in October where it received additional training.^[1] At about the same time, the Allies launched their invasion of French North Africa. By December 1942, Axis forces had repelled the Allied advance, and the long winter campaign had begun. It was at this time that the 82d Fighter Group moved to North Africa to serve with Twelfth Air Force.

Between Christmas and New Year’s Day, the 82d operated from Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria, to protect two convoys in an anti-submarine patrol. On 1 January 1943, the air echelon moved to Telergma Airport, Algeria, where it was joined by the ground echelon in February 1943.

The 82d soon distinguished itself in dogfights with enemy fighters while escorting bombers over Gabes, Sfax, Tunis, Bizerte, Kairouan, Sardinia, and other points. On 20 March 1943, while escorting North American B-25 Mitchells in a sea search off Cape Bon, a group of P-38s engaged the enemy in an air battle. Even though they were outnumbered by 50 enemy fighters, the 82d emerged with 11 confirmed kills, 2 probables, and 2 damaged, while not losing a single bomber.

In April 1943, the group moved to Tunis to take part in the final phase of the campaign. On 11 April it destroyed 32 Junkers Ju 52s during a fighter sweep against enemy transport planes that were coming from Italy to supply the crumbling Afrika Corps. The group scored hits on 14 April during a bombing mission on a large transport off Cape Zebid and on 8 May executed a bombing attack on the airdrome at Pantelleria.

The Tunisian campaign ended in May 1943. Between December 1942 and May 1943, the 82d Fighter Group flew 152 combat missions and 2,439 combat sorties. While escorting B-25, B-26, and B-17 bombers on 1,880 sorties, the group encountered 751 enemy aircraft, destroyed 199 of them, and lost 64 P-38s.

From July to August 1943, the 82d engaged in the Allied invasion of Sicily while supporting bomber raids against Naples on 17 July and participating in the first raid on Rome on 19 July. It flew 191 combat missions, including 3,335 combat sorties; escorted 2,987 B-25s and 382 B-26s; and engaged in 57 skip and dive bombing attacks. The 82d destroyed 78 enemy planes, had 17 probables, and damaged 56, while losing only 11 P-38s. On 25 August, it conducted a low level strafing attack against enemy aircraft concentrations at Foggia, Italy for which it received a Distinguished Unit Citation(DUC).^[1] Just over a week later, the group was awarded a second DUC for its actions in protecting a group of bombers that encountered strong enemy opposition in an attack on marshalling yards near Naples.^[1]

During the invasion of Italy by the United States Fifth Army, between 6 and 18 September 1943, the group patrolled the beachhead at Salerno where the pilots flew a round-the-clock schedule, dive-bombing enemy transports, communications, and gun positions. They also flew low altitude reconnaissance missions through the Foggia area reporting crucial enemy activities.

The movement of the 82d to Italy and its assignment to Fifteenth Air Force was part of the airpower buildup to provide fighter protection for the bombers of the Fifteenth Air Force, when they strafed and bombed Axis oil targets. From January 1944 until May 1945, the P-38s of the 82d Fighter Group struck oil centers at Ploiești in Romania, Blechhammer in Poland, Vienna in Austria, Dubova in Czechoslovakia, as well as in Hungary, France, and Yugoslavia. On 10 June 1944, the 82d participated in one of the most daring strikes of the war, bombing the Romano-Americano oil refineries at Ploiești, the most heavily defended target on the continent.^[1] For this mission, in which the group braved head-on attacks by enemy interceptors, it was awarded a third DUC.^[1]

The 82d engaged in another spectacular episode when it used a single-seat fighter aircraft for the first time to rescue a downed fighter pilot on enemy soil. On 4 August 1944, while on a strafing mission against the airdrome at Focsani, Rumania, the aircraft flown by Capt E. Willsie was hit by ground fire. A veteran of 60 missions, Willsie radioed his position to the formation, crash-landed his plane, demolished it, and then hitched a ride in the lap of 2d Lt Richard T. Andrews, who had landed his P-38 in a pasture to rescue Willsie.

When the war in Europe ended in May 1945, the 82d Fighter Group remained in Italy until it was inactivated on 9 September 1945.^[1]

Strategic Air Command

On 12 April 1947, the War Department activated the 82d Fighter Group at Grenier Field in New Hampshire, and assigned it to Strategic Air Command (SAC).^[1]

The group was outfitted with F-51 Mustang aircraft, and it trained in long range fighter and fighter escort operations. A few months later the Air Force decided to test the wing-base (Hobson Plan) organization. Under this plan, combat wings were established. On 15 August, the 82d Fighter Group became a subordinate component of the 82d Fighter Wing.^[7] The test continued until 1 August 1948, by which time the Air Force had decided to adopt this type of organization as its standard. As a result, on 1 August, the 82d Fighter Wing was discontinued, and the Air Force activated a permanent 82d Fighter Wing, still with the 82d Fighter Group assigned as a subordinate organization. In August 1949, the wing and its components were transferrec from SAC to Continental Air Command.The group continued to operate at Grenier until its inactivation on 2 October 1949.^[1]

Air Defense Command

F-94 Starfire

In 1955, the Air Force redesignated the unit as the 82d Fighter Group (Air Defense) and activated it at New Castle Airport, DE,^[1] where it assumed the personnel and equipment of the inactivating 525th Air Defense Group^[8] as part of Air Defense Command's Project Arrow, which was designed to bring back on the active list the fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars.^[9] It was assigned to Air Defense Command (ADC)'s 4710th Air Defense Wing. Its operational squadrons were the 96th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron, which was transferred from the 525th Air Def Gp,^[10] and the 97th FIS, which moved from Wright-Patterson AFB, OH without personnel or equipment and replaced the 332d FIS,^[11] since another goal of Project Arrow was to reunited fighter squadrons with their traditional headquarters.^[9] Both Squadrons flew F-94C Starfire interceptors.^[12] Its primary mission was to provide air defense for the northeastern United States. It also acted as the host base organization for the USAF portion of New Castle Airport and was assigned several support units to fulfil this mission.^[13][14] In 1957, it was announced that Air Defense Command would be reducing its forces, and the 82d FIG was inactivated on 8 January 1958.

Williams AFB 1991-1993

On 15 December 1991, the group was redesignated as the 82d Operations Group (82d OG) and activated at Williams AFB, AZ as a result of the 82 Flying Training Wing implementing the USAF objective wing organization. The 82d OG was assigned all the flying units of the 82d Flying Training Wing. In 1991 Congress approved the second round of base closures, as identified by the Base Realignment and Closure Commission. On that list was Williams AFB. The base was to cease operation as of 30 September 1993. As a result, the 82d Operations Group was inactivated on 31 March 1993.

Lineage

• Constituted as the 82d Pursuit Group (Interceptor) on 13 January 1942

Activated on 9 February 1942

Redesignated as the 82d Fighter Group (Two Engine) on 15 May 1942

Inactivated in Italy on 9 September 1945.

• Redesignated as the 82d Fighter Group, Single Engine 1947

Activated on 12 April 1947

Inactivated on 2 October 1949

Redesignated as 82d Fighter Group (Air Defense) on 20 June 1955

Activated on 18 August 1955

Inactivated on 30 June 1958

• Redesignated as 82d Operations Group and activated on 15 December 1991

Inactivated on 31 March 1993

Assignments

Components

Stations

Awards and Campaigns

Award streamer	Award	Dates	Notes
	Distinguished Unit Citation	25 April 1943	82d Fighter Group, Italy[1]
	Distinguished Unit Citation	2 September 1943	82d Fighter Group, Italy[1]
	Distinguished Unit Citation	10 June 1944	82d Fighter Group, Ploiești, Romania[1]

82d Fighter Group^[1]

Campaign Streamer	Campaign	Dates
	Air Offensive, Europe	3 October 1942 – 5 June 1944
	Tunisia	24 December 1942 – 13 May 1943
	Sicily	14 May 1943 – 17 August 1943
	Naples-Foggia	18 August 1943 – 21 January 1944
	Rome-Arno	22 January 1944 – 9 September 1944
	Normandy	6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944
	Northern France	25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944
	Southern France	15 August 1944 – 14 September 1944
	North Apennines	10 September 1944 – 4 April 1945
	Rhineland	15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945
	Central Europe	22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945
	Po Valley	3 April 1945 – 8 May 1945
	Air Combat, EAME Theater	3 October 1942 – 11 May 1945

Aircraft assigned

• Lockheed P-38 Lightning, (1942–1945)
• North American P/F-51 Mustang, (1947–1949)
• Lockheed F-94 Starfire, (1955–1958)
• Cessna T-37 Tweet, (1991–1992)
• Northrop T-38 Talon, (1991–1993)

References

Notes

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

• Buss, Lydus H.(ed), Sturm, Thomas A., Volan, Denys, and McMullen, Richard F., History of Continental Air Defense Command and Air Defense Command July to December 1955, Directorate of Historical Services, Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, CO, (1956)
• Cornett, Lloyd H; Johnson, Mildred W (1980). A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946–1980 (PDF). Peterson AFB, CO: Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center. 
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. 
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. 
• Newton, Wesley P., Jr. and Senning, Calvin F., (1963) USAF Credits for the Destruction of Enemy Aircraft, World War II, USAF Historical Study No. 85

Further Reading

• Anonymous (1949). 82nd Fighter. Robert W. Kelly Publishing Co. 
• Blake, Steven (2012). P-38 Lighting Aces of the 82nd Fighter Group in World War II. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol 108. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-780968-71-1. 
• Blake, Steven (1992). Adorimini:"Up and at 'Em" A History of the 82nd Fighter Group in World War II. Boise, ID: Walsworth Publishing Co. 
• Leonard, Barry (2009). History of Strategic Air and Ballistic Missile Defense (PDF). Vol II, 1955-1972. Fort McNair, DC: Center for Military History. ISBN 978-1-43792-131-1. 
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. 
• Watkins, Robert A. (2009). Insignia and Aircraft Markings of the U.S. Army Air Force In World War II. Volume IV, European-African-Middle Eastern Theater of Operations. Atglen,PA: Shiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7643-3401-6. 

External links

• AFHRA Factsheet, 95th Fighter Squadron (accessed 16 May 2012)

Air Education and Training Command (AETC)
Air Forces	Second Nineteenth Air University
Bases	Altus Columbus Goodfellow Gunter Annex Keesler Lackland Laughlin Luke Maxwell Randolph Sheppard Tyndall Vance
Wings	12th Flying Training 14th Flying Training 17th Training 33d Fighter 37th Training 42d Air Base 47th Flying Training 56th Fighter 58th Special Operations 59th Medical 71st Flying Training 80th Flying Training 81st Training 82d Training 97th Air Mobility 314th Airlift 502d Air Base
Groups	336th Training Group 381st Training Group