6-meter band

A Yaesu FT-857D tuned to 50.125 MHz, the traditional 6-meter single-sideband calling frequency in the United States.[1]

The 6-meter band is a portion of the very high frequency (VHF) radio spectrum allocated to amateur radio use. Although located in the lower portion of the VHF band, it nonetheless occasionally displays propagation mechanisms characteristic of the high frequency (HF) bands. This normally occurs close to sunspot maximum, when solar activity increases ionization levels in the upper atmosphere. During the last sunspot peak of 2005, worldwide 6-meter propagation occurred making 6-meter communications as good as or in some instances and locations, better than HF frequencies. The prevalence of HF characteristics on this VHF band has inspired amateur operators to dub it the "magic band".

In the northern hemisphere, activity peaks from May through early August, when regular sporadic E propagation enables long-distance contacts spanning up to 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi) for single-hop propagation. Multiple-hop sporadic E propagation allows intercontinental communications at distances of up to 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi). In the southern hemisphere, sporadic E propagation is most common from November through early February.

History

ITU and IARU regions.
  Region 1
  Region 2
  Region 3

On October 10, 1924, the 5-meter band (56–64 MHz) was first made available to amateurs in the United States by the Third National Radio Conference.[2] On October 4, 1927, the band was allocated on a worldwide basis by the International Radiotelegraph Conference in Washington, D.C. 56–60 MHz was allocated for amateur and experimental use.[3] There was no change to this allocation at the 1932 International Radiotelegraph Conference in Madrid.[4]

At the 1938 International Radiocommunication Conference in Cairo, television broadcasting was given priority in a portion of the 5- and 6-meter band in Europe. Television and low power stations, meaning those with less than 1 kW power, were allocated 56–58.5 MHz and amateurs, experimenters and low power stations were allocated 58.5–60 MHz in the European region. The conference maintained the 56–60 MHz allocation for other regions and allowed administrations in Europe latitude to allow amateurs to continue using 56–58.5 MHz.[5]

Starting in 1938, the FCC created 6 MHz wide television channel allocations working around the 5-meter amateur band with channel 2 occupying 50–56 MHz. In 1940, television channel 2 was reallocated to 60 MHz and TV channel 1 was moved to 50–56 MHz maintaining a gap for the 5-meter amateur band. When the US entered World War II, transmissions by amateur radio stations were suspended for the duration of the war. After the war, the 5-meter band was briefly reopened to amateurs from 56–60 MHz until March 1, 1946. At that time the FCC moved television channel 2 down to 54–60 MHz and reallocated channel 1 down to 44–50 MHz opening a gap that would become the Amateur radio 6-meter band in the United States.[6] FCC Order 130-C went into effect at 3 am Eastern Standard Time on March 1, 1946, and created the 6-meter band allocation for the amateur service as 50–54 MHz. Emission types A1, A2, A3 and A4 were allowed for the entire band and special emission for Frequency modulation telephony was allowed from 52.5 to 54 MHz.[7][8]

At the 1947 International Radio Conference in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the amateur service was allocated 50–54 MHz in ITU Region 2 and 3. Broadcasting was allocated from 41 to 68 MHz in ITU Region 1, but allowed exclusive amateur use of the 6-meter band (50–54 MHz) in a portion of southern Africa.[9]

Amateurs in the United Kingdom remained in the 5-meter band (58.5–60 MHz) for a period of time following World War II, but lost the band to UK analogue television channel 4. They gained a 4-meter band in 1956 and eventually gained the 6-meter band from 50–52 MHz, when it was decided to terminate analogue television broadcasts on channel 2.

Amateur radio

A chart showing how Television channel frequencies in various countries relate to the 6-meter amateur band.

The Radio Regulations of the International Telecommunication Union allow amateur radio operations in the frequency range from 50.000 to 54.000 MHz in ITU Region 2 and 3. At ITU level, Region 1 is allocated to broadcasting.[10] However, in practice a large number of ITU Region 1 countries allow amateur use of at least some of the 6-meter band.[11] Over the years portions have been vacated by VHF television broadcasting channels for one reason or another. In November 2015 the ITU World Radio Conference (WRC-15) agreed that for their next conference in 2019, Agenda Item 1.1 will study a future allocation of 50–54 MHz to amateur radio in Region 1.

Frequency allocations

6-meter frequency allocations for amateur radio are not universal worldwide. In the United States and Canada, the band ranges from 50 MHz to 54 MHz. In some other countries, the band is restricted to military communications. Further, in some nations, the frequency range is used for television transmissions, although most countries have assigned those television channels to higher frequencies (see channel 1).

Although the International Telecommunication Union does not allocate 6-meter frequencies to amateurs in Europe, the decline of VHF television broadcasts and commercial pressure on the lower VHF spectrum has allowed most European countries to provide a 6-meter amateur allocation.

In the United Kingdom, it is legal to use the 6-meter band between frequencies 50 and 52 MHz, with some limitations at some frequencies. In the UK, 50 to 51 MHz is primary usage and the rest is secondary with power limitations. A detailed bandplan can be obtained from the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) website.[12]

Many organizations promote regular competitions in this frequency range to promote its use and to familiarize operators to its quirks. For example, RSGB VHF Contest Committee[13] has a large number of contests on 6 meters every year.[14]

Because of its peculiarity, there are a number of 6-meter band operator groups. These people monitor the status of the band between different paths and promote 6-meter band operations.

For a full list of countries using 6 meters, refer to the bandplan of the International Amateur Radio Union.[15]

Television interference

Because the 6 meter band is just below the frequencies allocated to the old VHF television Channel 2 in North America (54–60 MHz), television interference (TVI) to neighbors' sets was a common problem for amateurs operating in this band prior to June 2009, when analog television transmissions ended in the U.S.

Equipment

A Gonset Communicator II 6-meter AM transceiver. This vacuum tube radio with a magic eye tube tuning indicator, was affectionately known as a "Gooney Box" and was popular in the 1950s and 60s. A 2-meter version was also sold.

Over the past decade or so, the availability of transceivers that include the 6-meter band has increased greatly. Many commercial HF transceivers now include the 6-meter band, as do some handheld VHF/UHF transceivers. There are also a number of stand-alone 6-meter band transceivers, although commercial production of these has been relatively rare in recent years. Despite support in more available radios, however, the 6-meter band does not share the popularity of amateur radio's 2-meter band. This is due, in large part, to the larger size of 6-meter antennas, power limitations in some countries outside the United States, and the 6-meter band's greater susceptibility to local electrical interference.

As transceivers have become more available for the 6-meter band, it has quickly gained popularity. In many countries, including the United States, access is granted to entry-level license holders. Those without access to international HF frequencies often gain their first taste of true long-distance communications on the 6-meter band. Many of these operators develop a real affection for the challenge of the band, and often continue to devote much time to it, even when they gain access to the HF frequencies after upgrading their licenses.

For antennas, horizontal polarization is used for 6-meter weak signal, SSB communications using tropospheric propagation. Vertical polarization is used for FM communications, repeaters, radio control and for other propagation modes where polarization does not matter as much.[16]

Common uses

Radio control hobby use

North American
6 m amateur band
RC channels
Ch. Frequency
00 50.80 MHz
01 50.82 MHz
02 50.84 MHz
03 50.86 MHz
04 50.88 MHz
05 50.90 MHz
06 50.92 MHz
07 50.94 MHz
08 50.96 MHz
09 50.98 MHz[17]
(not used
in Canada)

In North America, especially in the United States[18] and Canada,[19] the 6-meter band may be used by licensed amateurs for the safe operation of radio-controlled (RC) aircraft and other types of radio control hobby miniatures. By general agreement among the amateur radio community, 200 kHz of the 6-meter band is reserved for the telecommand of models, by licensed amateurs using amateur frequencies. The sub-band reserved for this use is 50.79 to 50.99 MHz with ten "specified" frequencies, numbered "00" to "09" spaced at 20 kHz apart from 50.800 to 50.980 MHz. The upper end of the band, starting at 53.0 MHz, and going upwards in 100 kHz steps to 53.8 MHz, used to be similarly reserved for RC modelers, but with the rise of amateur repeater stations operating above 53 MHz in the United States, and very few 53 MHz RC units in Canada, the move to the lower end of the 6-meter spectrum for radio-controlled model flying activities by amateur radio operators was undertaken in North America, starting in the early 1980s, and more-or-less completed by 1991. It is still completely legal for ground-level RC model operation (cars, boats, etc.) to be accomplished on any frequency within the band, above 50.1 MHz, by any licensed amateur operator in the United States; however, an indiscriminate choice of frequencies for RC operations is discouraged by the amateur radio community.

In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Part 97.215 rules regulate telecommand of model craft in the amateur service within the United States. It allows a maximum radiated RF power output of one watt for RC model operations of any type.[20]

In Canada, Industry Canada's RBR-4, Standards for the Operation of Radio Stations in the Amateur Radio Service, limits radio control of craft to amateur service frequencies above 30 MHz.[21]

References

  1. ↑ "Get Ready for the ARRL June VHF QSO Party". ARRL. 2008-06-03. Retrieved 2014-07-18.
  2. ↑ "Recommendations for Regulation of Radio: October 6-10, 1924". Earlyradiohistory.us. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
  3. ↑ International Radiotelegraph Convention (PDF). Washington, D.C. 1927. p. 41. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
  4. ↑ General Radiocommunication and Additional Regulations (PDF). Madrid. 1932. p. 17. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
  5. ↑ General Radiocommunication Regulations and Additional Radiocommunication Regulations (PDF). Cairo. 1938. p. 22. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
  6. ↑ "Whatever Happened to Channel 1?". tech-notes.tv. Retrieved 2014-07-05.
  7. ↑ Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47 - Telecommunication, Part 12 - Amateur Radio Service. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1947. Retrieved 2014-07-05.
  8. ↑ Report of the Federal Communications Commission (PDF). 1946. Retrieved 2014-07-05.
  9. ↑ Radio Regulations and Additional Radio Regulations (PDF). Atlantic City, NJ. 1947. p. 45E. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
  10. ↑ "Amateur VHF Bands". life.itu.int - The International Amateur Radio Club - 4U1ITU. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
  11. ↑ "The 6-meter band". IARU Region 1. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
  12. ↑ "Band Plans".
  13. ↑ "RSGB Contest Committee". Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  14. ↑ "Radio Society of Great Britain VHF Contests Committee". Archived from the original on 2006-06-27. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  15. ↑ "IARU REGIONS". Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  16. ↑ Finley, Dave (Spring 2000). "Six Meters: An Introduction". QRPp.
  17. ↑ "MAAC Canadian Frequency Chart". Model Aeronautics Association of Canada. MAAC. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  18. ↑ "Frequency Chart for Model Operation". Retrieved 28 May 2013.
  19. ↑ "Canadian Frequency Chart". Retrieved 22 September 2015.
  20. ↑ "§97.215 - Telecommand of model craft". FCC Part 97. Retrieved 2014-07-26.
  21. ↑ "5 - Frequencies for Radio Control of Models". RBR-4 - Standards for the Operation of Radio Stations in the Amateur Radio Service. January 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-26.

Further reading

Propagation sites

Clubs and groups

Range Band ITU Region 1 ITU Region 2 ITU Region 3
LF 2200 m 135.7 kHz – 137.8 kHz
MF 600 m 472 kHz – 479 kHz
160 m 1.810 MHz – 1.850 MHz 1.800 MHz – 2.000 MHz
HF 80 / 75 m 3.500 MHz – 3.800 MHz 3.500 MHz – 4.000 MHz 3.500 MHz – 3.900 MHz
60 m 5.3515 MHz – 5.3665 MHz
40 m 7.000 MHz – 7.200 MHz 7.000 MHz – 7.300 MHz 7.000 MHz – 7.200 MHz
30 m2 10.100 MHz – 10.150 MHz
20 m 14.000 MHz – 14.350 MHz
17 m2 18.068 MHz – 18.168 MHz
15 m 21.000 MHz – 21.450 MHz
12 m2 24.890 MHz – 24.990 MHz
10 m 28.000 MHz – 29.700 MHz
VHF 6 m 50.000 MHz – 52.000 MHz1 50.000 MHz – 54.000 MHz
4 m1 70.000 MHz – 70.500 MHz N/A
2 m 144.000 MHz – 146.000 MHz 144.000 MHz – 148.000 MHz
1.25 m N/A 220.000 MHz – 225.000 MHz N/A
UHF 70 cm 430.000 MHz – 440.000 MHz 430.000 – 440.000 MHz
(420.000 – 450.000 MHz)3
33 cm N/A 902.000 MHz – 928.000 MHz N/A
23 cm 1.240 GHz – 1.300 GHz
13 cm 2.300 GHz – 2.450 GHz
SHF 9 cm 3.400 GHz – 3.475 GHz3 3.300 GHz – 3.500 GHz
5 cm 5.650 GHz – 5.850 GHz 5.650 GHz – 5.925 GHz 5.650 GHz – 5.850 GHz
3 cm 10.000 GHz – 10.500 GHz
1.2 cm 24.000 GHz – 24.250 GHz
EHF 6 mm 47.000 GHz – 47.200 GHz
4 mm3 75.500 GHz1 – 81.500 GHz 76.000 GHz – 81.500 GHz
2.5 mm 122.250 GHz – 123.000 GHz
2 mm 134.000 GHz – 141.000 GHz
1 mm 241.000 GHz – 250.000 GHz
THF Sub-mm Some administrations have authorized spectrum for amateur use in this region.

1 This is not mentioned in the ITU's Table of Frequency Allocations, but individual administrations may make allocations under Article 4.4 of the ITU Radio Regulations. See the appropriate Wiki page for further information.
2 HF allocation created at the 1979 World Administrative Radio Conference. These are commonly called the "WARC bands".
3 This includes a currently active footnote allocation mentioned in the ITU's Table of Frequency Allocations. These allocations may only apply to a group of countries.

See also: Radio spectrum · Electromagnetic spectrum
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