Proto-punk

Proto-punk (or "protopunk") is the rock music played by garage bands[4] from the 1960s and early 1970s that presaged the punk rock movement.[5] A retroactive label, the musicians involved were not originally associated with each other, coming from a variety of backgrounds and styles, but together they anticipated many of punk's musical and thematic attributes.[5]

Definition

According to the Allmusic guide:

Proto-punk was never a cohesive movement, nor was there a readily identifiable proto-punk sound that made its artists seem related at the time. What ties proto-punk together is a certain provocative sensibility that didn't fit the prevailing counterculture of the time ... It was consciously subversive and fully aware of its outsider status ... In terms of its lasting influence, much proto-punk was primitive and stripped-down, even when it wasn't aggressive, and its production was usually just as unpolished. It also frequently dealt with taboo subject matter, depicting society's grimy underbelly in great detail, and venting alienation that was more intense and personal than ever before.[5]

Most musicians classified as proto-punk are rock performers of the 1960s and early-1970s, with garage rock/art rock bands the Velvet Underground, MC5 and the Stooges considered to be archetypal proto-punk artists,[5][6] along with later glam rock band the New York Dolls.[7]

Origins and etymology

One of the earliest written uses of the "punk" term was by critic Dave Marsh who used it in 1970 to describe the group Question Mark & the Mysterians, who had scored a major hit with their song "96 Tears" in 1966.[8][9] Many bands were active in the mid-to-late 1960s playing garage rock: a ragged, highly energetic, often amateurish style of rock.[10] While garage bands varied in style, the label of garage punk has been attributed by critic Michael Hann to the "toughest, angriest garage rockers" such as The 13th Floor Elevators and the Sonics.[11] AllMusic states that bands like the Sonics and the Monks "anticipated" punk;[12][13] the latter have likewise been cited as examples of proto-punk[14][15] and the Sonics' 1965 debut album Here Are the Sonics as "an early template for punk rock".[15] The raw sound and outsider attitude of psychedelic garage bands like the Seeds also presaged the style of bands that would become known as the archetypal figures of proto-punk.[16]

In 1969, debut albums by two key proto-punk bands were released; Detroit's MC5 released Kick Out the Jams in January and the Stooges, from Ann Arbor, premiered with their self-titled album in August. The latter album was produced by John Cale, a former member of New York's the Velvet Underground; having earned a "reputation as the first underground rock band", the Velvet Underground inspired, directly or indirectly, many of those involved in the creation of punk rock.[17]

List of artists

References

  1. ↑ Campbell, Neil (2004). American Youth Cultures. Psychology. p. 213. ISBN 0415971977. Furthermore, the indigenous popular music which functioned this way-and which represented in the same instance a form of localized resistance to the mainstreaming, standardizing drive noted earlier — was the proto-punk more commonly identified as garage rock.
  2. ↑ Pell, Nicholas (January 26, 2012). "Deathmatch: Which Is Better, Pub Rock or Garage Rock?". LA Weekly. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
  3. ↑ Robb 2012, p. 51.
  4. ↑ Bangs, Lester (1981). "Protopunk: The Garage Bands". In Anthony De Curtis and James Henke. The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock & Roll (Second ed.). Picador Books. pp. 357–361. ISBN 0-679-73728-6.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Proto-Punk". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
  6. ↑ "The Stooges - Biography, Albums, Streaming Links". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
  7. ↑ "New York Dolls - Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
  8. ↑ Taylor 2003, p. 16.
  9. ↑ Woods, Scott. "A Meaty, Beaty, Big and Bouncy Interview with Dave Marsh". RockCritics.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  10. ↑ "Garage Rock Music Genre Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
  11. ↑ Hann, Michael (30 July 2014). "10 of the best: garage punk". The Guardian.
  12. ↑ Mark Deming. "The Sonics | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
  13. ↑ Richie Unterberger. "The Monks | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
  14. ↑ "The 5: Proto-Punk Bands of the 60's and 70's - The Interrobang". 24 July 2013.
  15. 1 2 "10 Essential Proto-punk tracks". Treblezine.com. 2015-11-05. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
  16. ↑ Sabin 2002, p. 159.
  17. ↑ Taylor 2003, p. 49.
  18. ↑ Brackett, David (2000). Interpreting Popular Music. University of California Press.
  19. ↑ Knowles, Christopher (2010). The Secret History of Rock 'n' Roll. Cleis Press.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Folgar, Abel. "Top Twenty Proto-Punk Bands: An Incomplete List". Broward Palm Beach New Times. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  21. ↑ Abjorensen, Norman (2017). Historical Dictionary of Popular Music. Rowman & Littlefield.
  22. ↑ Waksman, Steve (2009). This Ain't the Summer of Love: Conflict and Crossover in Heavy Metal and Punk. University of California Press.
  23. ↑ Bruce Eder. "The Bad Seeds | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
  24. ↑ Alex Baker. "Psych Out: Syd Barrett’s ‘62 Esquire and the Dawn of Pink Floyd". Fender. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
  25. ↑ Diehl, Matt (2016). My So-Called Punk: Green Day, Fall Out Boy, The Distillers, Bad Religion---How Neo-Punk Stage-Dived into the Mainstream. St. Martin's Press.
  26. 1 2 Perry, Robyn (August 16, 2016). "Punk Roots: 1960s Garage Rock and Proto/Flower Punk". Cvlt Nation. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  27. ↑ "The Chocolate Watchband - Biography & History - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  28. ↑ Case, George (2010). Out of Our Heads: Rock 'n' Roll Before the Drugs Wore Off. Hal Leonard Corporation.
  29. ↑ Strongman, Phil (2008). Pretty Vacant: A History of UK Punk. Chicago Review Press.
  30. ↑ "Death - Biography, Albums, Streaming Links - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  31. ↑ http://www.allmusic.com/artist/debris-mn0001876500
  32. ↑ "The Dictators - Biography & History - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  33. ↑ https://noisey.vice.com/en_uk/article/you-no-longer-have-to-pay-an-ungodly-sum-for-the-dogs-classic-1978-proto-punk-record
  34. ↑ Snow, Mat (2016). The Who: Fifty Years of My Generation. Race Point Publishing.
  35. ↑ http://www.trouserpress.com/entry.php?a=droogs
  36. ↑ Warwick, Kevin (April 13, 2017). "In Jaguar Ride, Brian McMahon of the Electric Eels makes the band’s story as defiantly unmarketable as their music". Chicago Reader. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  37. ↑ http://www.savagemagazine.com/magazine/foliview/
  38. ↑ Roberts, Randall (September 26, 2015). "L.A. band Wand plugs into retro-futuristic psychedelia; Carole King's City revisited". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  39. ↑ Felsenthal, Julia. "Give the Gift of Throwback Collectible Zines". Vogue.com.
  40. ↑ Freed, Benjamin (January 16, 2014). "Windian Records Founder Travis Jackson Killed in Collision". The Washingtonian.
  41. ↑ Trynka, Paul (2011). Iggy Pop: Open Up and Bleed. Crown/Archetype.
  42. 1 2 Weingarten, Marc (2000). Station To Station: The Secret History of Rock & Roll on Television. Gallery Books. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  43. ↑ Phillips, Mark; Chappell, Jon (2012). Guitar For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
  44. 1 2 Sharp, Colin (2007). Who killed Martin Hannett?: the story of Factory Records' musical magician. Aurum. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  45. ↑ O'Hagan, Sean (March 3, 2014). "John Sinclair: 'We wanted to kick ass – and raise consciousness'". The Guardian. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  46. ↑ "The Modern Lovers | Biography, Albums, Streaming Links". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
  47. ↑ "Watch the Proto-Punk Band The Monks Sow Chaos on German TV, 1966: A Great Concert Moment on YouTube". Openculture.com. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  48. ↑ Fricke, David (September 11, 1986). "The Music Machine: Where Are They Now?". Retrieved October 29, 2016.
  49. ↑ Ward, Ed, Stokes & Geoffrey & Tucker, Ken. ROCK OF AGES: The Rolling Stone History of Rock & Roll. New York: Rolling Stone Press/Summit Books. 1986. (Quoted in Waldrep, Shelton (Ed.)The Seventies: The Age of Glitter in Popular Culture. Routledge. 2013. p131)
  50. ↑ Spice, Anton. "Proto-punk: 10 records that paved the way for ’76". Vinyl Factory Magazine. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  51. ↑ http://heavy70s.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/the-punks-st-aka-most-powerful-music-on.html
  52. ↑ http://www.allmusic.com/artist/rocket-from-the-tombs-mn0000291481/biography
  53. ↑ Leonard, Candy (2016). Beatleness: How the Beatles and Their Fans Remade the World. Skyhorse Publishing.
  54. ↑ Kelly, John (August 2, 2017). "You’d have to be crazy not to love Los Saicos, proto-punks from 1960s Peru". Washington Post.
  55. ↑ "Prototype Garage Punk Band The Seeds to Have Documentary Screening in Long Beach". Lbpost.com. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  56. 1 2 Dean, Maury (2003). Rock and Roll. Algora Publishing.
  57. ↑ http://www.eternalcavalierpress.com/product/heavy-metalloid-music-the-story-of-simply-saucer/
  58. 1 2 Murray, Noel (May 28, 2015). "60 minutes of music that sum up art-punk pioneers Wire". The A.V. Club. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
  59. ↑ Eddy, Chuck (2011). Rock and Roll Always Forgets: A Quarter Century of Music Criticism. Duke University Press.
  60. ↑ "The New Rolling Stone Album Guide". Simon and Schuster. 2004. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  61. ↑ Blecha, Peter. Music in Washington: Seattle and Beyond. Arcadia. 2007. p94
  62. ↑ Buckley, David (2015). David Bowie: The Music and The Changes. Omnibus.
  63. ↑ Cogan, Brian (2006). Encyclopedia of Punk Music and Culture. Greenwood Press.
  64. ↑ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "The Stooges biography". Allmusic. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
  65. ↑ The Mojo Collection: The Ultimate Music Companion. Canongate. 2007. p394
  66. ↑ McLeese, Don (2005). MC5's Kick Out the Jams. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
  67. ↑ http://vivelerock.net/third-world-war-declared-again/
  68. ↑ Shuker, Roy (2017). Popular Music: The Key Concepts. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  69. ↑ Jason Ankeny. "The Up | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
  70. ↑ Dougan, John (2006). The Who's The Who Sell Out. A&C Black.

Bibliography

  • Einarson, John (2010). Forever Changes: Arthur Lee and the Book of Love. Jawbone. ISBN 1-906002-31-2. 
  • Marcus, Greil, ed. (1979). Stranded: Rock and Roll for a Desert Island. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-73827-6. 
  • Robb, John (2012). Punk Rock: An Oral History. PM Press. ISBN 978-1-60486-005-4. 
  • Sabin, Roger (2002). Punk Rock: So What?: The Cultural Legacy of Punk. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-69905-6. 
  • Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy (2008). Icons of Rock: Elvis Presley; Ray Charles; Chuck Berry; Buddy Holly; The Beach Boys; James Brown; The Beatles; Bob Dylan; The Rolling Stones; The Who; The Byrds; Jimi Hendrix. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 0-313-33846-9. 
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Further reading

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