499th Air Refueling Wing

499th Air Refueling Wing

499th Bomb Group B-29 Superfortress over Mount Fuji in 1945.
Active 1943-1946; 1962-1966
Country  United States
Branch  United States Air Force
Role Bombardment
Air Refueling
Motto(s) Auxilium ab Alto (Help from Above)
Engagements Pacific Theater of Operations
Decorations Distinguished Unit Citation
Insignia
499th Air Refueling Wing emblem[1]
Group tail identification (World War II) Square V

The 499th Air Refueling Wing is an inactive United States Air Force (USAF) unit that was last active at Westover AFB, Massachusetts in June 1966.

The wing was first activated as the 499th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Forces, which flew combat in the Pacific Theater of Operations as part of Twentieth Air Force during World War II. The 499th BG engaged in very heavy (B-29 Superfortress) bombardment operations against Japan for which it earned two Distinguished Unit Citations. Its aircraft were identified by a "V" and a square painted on the tail.

The 499th Air Refueling Wing was an air refueling and airborne command and control unit active from 1963 to 1966. In 1984 USAF consolidated the group and wing into a single unit sharing a common history.

History

499th Bomb Group B-29s on Isely Field Saipan, 1949

World War II

The 499th Bombardment Group was established in late 1943 at Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona as a Boeing B-29 Superfortress very heavy bombardment group. The unit's original operational squadrons were the 877th,[2] 878th,[3] 879th,[4] and 880th Bombardment Squadrons.[5][6] It was also assigned four bombardment maintenance squadrons[7] (one paired with each of its operational squadrons) and a photographic laboratory,

The group moved to Smoky Hill Army Air Field, Kansas in December 1943 to begin training. Due to a shortage of Boeing B-29 Superfortresses, the group was equipped with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses already at Smoky Hill[2][3][4][5] that had been previously used for training heavy bomber replacements. In the spring of 1944, the 499th finally received newly manufactured B-29s. In May the United States Army Air Forces reorganized its very heavy bombardment units. The 880th Bombardment Squadron[5] and the bombardment maintenance squadrons were inactivated and their personnel absorbed into the remaining three squadrons.

The 499th deployed to Pacific Theater of Operations in September 1944, where it became part of the XXI Bomber Command in the Northern Mariana Islands at Isely Field, Saipan. Upon arrival the group's personnel were engaged in Quonset hut construction. By mid-October most personnel were able to move into the huts from the initial tents which they were assigned on arrival. The group began operations with attacks in the Truk Islands and on Iwo Jima. It took part in the first attack on Japan by AAF planes based in the Marianas. The group flew numerous missions in daylight, operating from high altitude to bomb strategic targets in Japan.[6]

The 499th received a Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) for striking the Mitsubishi aircraft engine plant at Nagoya on 23 January 1945. In March 1945 the group began to conduct night attacks, flying at low altitude to drop incendiaries on area targets in Japan. It completed a series of attacks against enemy airfields on Kyūshū to aid the Invasion of Okinawa in April 1945 and received another DUC for this action. The group released propaganda leaflets over the Japanese home islands, in July and August, continuing strategic bombing raids and incendiary attacks until the Japanese surrender in August 1945.[6]

After V-J Day, the 499th dropped supplies to Allied prisoners. In November 1945 the unit returned to the United States; where it was assigned to Continental Air Forces's Fourth Air Force at March Field, California. However demobilization was in full swing and the group was inactivated on 17 January 1946.[6]

Cold War

The origins of the 499th Air Refueling Wing date to 1 April 1955, when Strategic Air Command (SAC) organized the 4050th Air Refueling Wing at Westover AFB, Massachusetts and assigned it to Eighth Air Force and later the 57th Air Division. The 4050th became the host organization when Westover transferred to SAC from Military Air Transport Service.[8] In addition to the 384th Air Refueling Squadron, flying Boeing KC-97 Stratotankers, the wing was assigned three maintenance squadrons and an air base group. Three weeks later the wing added a second KC-97 squadron, the 26th Air Refueling Squadron, which moved to Westover from Lockbourne AFB, Ohio. A little over a year later, the wing became a tenant of the 99th Bombardment Wing and the personnel, equipment, and mission of its 4050th Air Base Group were transferred on 04 Sept 1956 to 57th Air Division's 814th Air Base Group (Later redesignated as the 814th Combat Support Group), and then finally transferred to the newly activated 99th Combat Support Group on 02 Jan 1968. as the 99th.[8]

On 1 July 1957, the wing was assigned the newly activated 99th Air Refueling Squadron, located at Turner AFB, Georgia. In August, the 99th moved to Westover and replaced the 26th Air Refueling Squadron, which moved to Plattsburgh AFB, New York and was reassigned from the wing.[8][9] Unlike the wing's other squadrons, the 99th was a Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker Squadron whose mission was to support the Boeing B-52 Stratofortresses of the co-located 99th Bombardment Wing.

In 1960, the wing added the mission of commanding SAC air refueling squadrons that were forward positioned in the middle Atlantic states at bases hosted by other Major Commands. In January the 305th Air Refueling Squadron was reassigned to the wing when it moved from MacDill AFB, Florida to McGuire AFB, New Jersey.[10] and in June the 11th Air Refueling Squadron at Dover AFB, Delaware[11] was reassigned to the wing. In April the 19th Air Refueling Squadron at Otis AFB, Massachusetts was assigned to the wing after the 4060th Air Refueling Wing at Dow AFB, Maine was discontinued. With five air refueling squadrons assigned, the 4050th (and later the 499th) became the largest operational wing in SAC.

The following April, the wing added a squadron in the mid Atlantic, the 303d Air Refueling Squadron at Kindley AFB, Bermuda. The 19th was transferred to the 4038th Strategic Wing the same day in preparation for conversion to KC-135s to support the 4038th's B-52s.

However, SAC Major Command controlled (MAJCON) could not carry a permanent history or lineage.[12] and SAC looked for a way to make its these wings permanent. In 1962, in order to perpetuate the lineage of many currently inactive bombardment units with illustrious World War II records, SAC received authority from USAF to discontinue its MAJCON wings that were equipped with combat aircraft and to activate Air Force controlled (AFCON) units, most of which were inactive at the time which could carry a lineage and history.

As a result, the 4050th was replaced by the newly constituted 499th Air Refueling Wing[13] which assumed its mission, personnel, and equipment on 1 January 1963.[14] The 4050th's air refueling squadrons were reassigned to the 499th. Component support units were replaced by units with numerical designation of the newly established wing.

The 499th Air Refueling Wing continued to support SAC bombardment and Tactical Air Command aircraft with air refueling. The wing also deployed parts of its tanker force overseas to support unit movements and special operations.[13] In addition to its tankers the 499th also flew the Boeing EC-135 Looking Glass missions in support of the Post Attack Command and Control System airborne command post for Eighth Air Force.

As SAC phased out its KC-97 aircraft, the wing began to shrink.[13] The 303d Air Refueling Squadron inactivated in late spring 1963 and in July 1964 the three squadrons located at other bases were transferred to other SAC headquarters. In December 1965 the last KC-97 squadron assigned to the wing became non operational, although it remained with the wing on paper. The 499th's KC-135 squadron was reassigned to the 99th Bombardment Wing the following month. The 499th Air Refueling Wing was inactivated on 25 June 1966.[13]

Lineage

499th Bombardment Group

Activated on 20 November 1943
Inactivated on 16 February 1946

499th Air Refueling Wing

Organized on 1 January 1963
Discontinued and inactivated on 25 June 1966[16]

Assignments

Components

Operational Squadrons

Dover AFB, Delaware[16]
Otis AFB, Massachusetts[16]
Kindley AFB, Bermuda[16]
McGuire AFB, New Jersey[16]

Maintenance Squadrons

  • 25th Bombardment Maintenance Squadron, 20 November 1943 - 10 May 1944[7]
  • 26th Bombardment Maintenance Squadron, 20 November 1943 - 10 May 1944[7]
  • 27th Bombardment Maintenance Squadron, 20 November 1943 - 10 May 1944[7]
  • 28th Bombardment Maintenance Squadron, 20 November 1943 - 10 May 1944[7]
  • 499th Armament and Electronics Maintenance Squadron, 1 January 1963 - 25 June 1966[8]
  • 499th Field Maintenance Squadron, 1 January 1963 - 25 June 1966[8]
  • 499th Organizational Maintenance Squadron, 1 January 1963 - 25 June 1966[8]

Other

Stations

Aircraft flown

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Approved for 4050th Air Refueling Wing.
  2. 1 2 Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. pp. 794–795. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.
  3. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 795
  4. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 795-796
  5. 1 2 3 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 796
  6. 1 2 3 4 Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. pp. 365–366. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 See Mueller, pp. 101-102
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. pp. 577–582. ISBN 0-912799-53-6.
  9. ↑ Mueller, p. 478
  10. ↑ Mueller, pp. 353, 415
  11. ↑ Mueller, p. 115
  12. ↑ Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). A Guide to Air Force Lineage and Honors (2d, Revised ed.). Maxwell AFB, AL: USAF Historical Research Center. p. 12.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. p. 272. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
  14. ↑ Although the 499th Wing was a new organization, it continued, through temporary bestowal, the history, and honors of the World War II 499th Bombardment Group. It was also entitled to retain the honors (but not the history or lineage) of the 4050th. This temporary bestowal ended in January 1984, when the wing and group were consolidated into a single unit.
  15. 1 2 Department of the Air Force/MPM Letter 539q, 31 January 1984, Subject: Consolidation of Units
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lineage assignments, operational components, stations and aircraft through 1966 in Ravenstein, Combat Wings

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

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