492d Special Operations Wing

492d Special Operations Wing

PZL C-145A flown by the 6th Special Operations Squadron
Active 1943-1945; 2017–present
Country  United States
Branch  United States Air Force
Role Special Operations
Engagements European Theater of Operations[1]
Decorations Distinguished Unit Citation
French Croix de Guerre with Palm[1]

The 492d Special Operations Wing is United States Air Forces unit stationed at Hurlburt Field, Florida. It was activated in May 2017 to replace the Air Force Special Operations Air Warfare Center.

During World War II the unit entered combat in May 1944, and sustained the heaviest losses of any other Consolidated B-24 Liberator group for a three-month period. The group was withdrawn from combat with its personnel and equipment being reassigned to other units. The 801st Bombardment Group (Provisional) was replaced by the 492d Bombardment Group, and the group performed special operations missions throughout the remainder of the war in Europe. It was inactivated on 17 October 1945.

Mission

The 492d Special Operations Wing organizes, trains and equips forces to conduct special operations missions. It leads Major Command irregular warfare activities and executes special operations test and evaluation programs. It develops doctrine, tactics, techniques and procedures for United States Air Force special operations forces.[2]

History

World War II bombardment training

Media related to 492d Bombardment Group at Wikimedia Commons

858th Squadron B-24D Liberator used during training[note 1]

The group was established in October 1943 at Alamogordo Army Airfield, New Mexico[note 2] as a Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber group. Its original squadrons were the 856th, 857th, 858th and 859th Bombardment Squadrons.[1][3][4][5][6] The 492d was one of seven heavy bombardment groups[note 3] activated in the autumn of 1943. These were to be the last Army Air Forces heavy bomb groups established. The group trained for combat at Alamogordo until April 1944, when it moved to the European Theater of Operations.[1] The group's air echelon departed for England on 1 April, flying the South Atlantic ferrying route through South America and Africa. Only about 120 members of the ground echelon shipped overseas, however, leaving New Mexico on 11 April and sailing on the RMS Queen Elizabeth on 20 April.[7]

World War II bombardment operations

Group B-24 on a mission over Nazi Occupied Europe.

Upon arrival in England, the ground echelon was filled out from four 2d Bombardment Division groups already in England. Each of these groups had raised an additional squadron strenghth ground formation.[7] The group was the first in VIII Bomber Command group to arrive with aircraft in natural metal finish on all their aircraft.

The 492d entered combat on 11 May 1944, operating primarily against industrial targets in central Germany. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking airfields and V-weapon launching sites in France during the first week in June. On D-Day it bombed coastal defenses in Normandy and attacked bridges, railroads, and other interdiction targets in France until the middle of the month. The group resumed bombardment of strategic targets in Germany and, except for support of the infantry during Operation Cobra ,the Saint-Lô breakthrough on 25 July 1944 and continued these operations until August 1944.[1] After only 89 days of combat, the 492d had lost 52 aircraft to enemy action, with 588 men killed or missing. In the words of one veteran, "the whole group was wiped out". Rather than try to rebuild the shattered group, the group was stood down and the surviving members were reassigned to other units in theater.

World War II special operations

Jedburghs in front of a B-24 before takeoff from Harrington.)

Subsequently, the 492d was transferred without personnel or equipment, to RAF Harrington on 5 August 1944 and assumed the personnel, equipment, and the Carpetbagger special operations mission of the 801st Bombardment Group (Provisional) that was discontinued. With black-painted aircraft configured with engine flame dampeners and optimized for night operations, the group operated chiefly over southern France with B-24's and C-47's, transporting agents, supplies, and propaganda leaflets to patriots. Ceased these missions on 16 September 1944 to haul gasoline to advancing mechanized forces in France and Belgium.

Intermittently attacked airfields, oil refineries, seaports, and other targets in France, the Low Countries, and Germany until February 1945. Meanwhile, in October 1944, began training for night bombardment operations; concentrated on night bombing of marshaling yards and goods depots in Germany, February—March 1945.

Ceased these missions on 18 March 1945 to engage in Carpetbagger operations over Germany and German-occupied territory, using B-24, A-26, and British Mosquito aircraft to drop leaflets, demolition equipment, and agents. Received a Distinguished Unit Citation for these operations, performed at night despite adverse weather and vigorous opposition from enemy ground forces, 20 March- 25 April 1945. Also cited by the French government for similar operations over France in 1944. Flew its last Carpetbagger mission in April 1945 and then ferried personnel and equipment to and from the Continent until July.

The group left England in July 1945 and was stationed at Kirtland Field, New Mexico in August. The group became a very heavy bomb group on arrival at Kirtland.[1] The 492d was programmed for Boeing B-29 Superfortress operations in the Pacific, but apparently was not equipped when Japan surrendered. It was inactivated on 17 October 1945.[1]

Expeditionary unit

In June 2002, the group was converted to provisional status as the 492d Air Expeditionary Group and assigned to Air Mobility Command to activate or inactivate as needed for contingency operations. The command activated the unit one time, at Lajes Field in the Azores from March through May of 2003.[2]

Return to special operations

In May 2017, the group was withdrawn from provisional status and returned to its old designation for one day. It became the 492d Special Operations Wing and was activated on 17 May at Hurlburt Field, Florida, where it replaced the Air Force Special Operations Air Warfare Center.[2]

In addition to its assigned units, the wing is responsible for the training of two Air National Guard squadrons, the 209th Special Operations Civil Engineer Squadron and the 280th Combat Communications Squadron.[2]

Lineage

Activated on 1 October 1943
Redesignated 492d Bombardment Group, Very Heavy on 17 August 1945
Inactivated on 17 October 1945
Activated on 1 March 2003
Inactivated on 27 May 2003
Activated on 10 May 2017[8]

Assignments

Attached to Twenty-First Air Force, 1 March–27 May 2003

Components

Groups
Squadrons

Stations

Aircraft

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Aircraft is Consolidated B-24D-65-CO Liberator serial 42-40509, nicknamed "Cookie." This airplane was lost in an accident on 7 October 1943.
  2. ↑ Freeman the group was organized at Clovis Army Air Field, New Mexico and did not move to Alamogordo until November. Freeman, p. 262. Maurer and Haulman both give Alamogordo as the organization station.
  3. ↑ The others were the 488th, 489th, 491st, 493d and 494th Bombardment Groups
Notes
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 361-362
  2. 1 2 3 4 Staff writer, no byline. "Units: 492nd Special Operations Wing". Air Force Special Operations Command Public Affairs. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  3. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 783-784
  4. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 784
  5. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 784-785
  6. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 785
  7. 1 2 Freeman, p. 262
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Haulman, Daniel L. (May 17, 2017). "Factsheet 492 Special Operations Wing (AFSOC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved June 20, 2017.
  9. ↑ Information on component squadrons in Haulman, Factsheet, 492 Special Operations Wing except as noted.
  10. 1 2 Station number in Anderson.

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.