4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase

Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate, and two products, acetaldehyde and pyruvate. Baker et al. showed that BphI, a member of this family from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 was able to utilize 4-hydroxy- 2-oxohexanoate (HOHA) with equal catalytic efficiency as 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate, producing propionaldehyde + pyruvate. Furthermore, the enzyme was also able to catalyze the cleavage of 4-hydroxy-2-oxoheptanoate (HOHEP), forming butryaldehyde + pyruvate. Baker et al. we also able to show that acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde are not released into the bulk solvent, but are channeled to an associated acetaldehyde dehydrogenase known as BphJ. This is the first demonstration of substrate channeling in this family of enzymes.

This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the oxo-acid-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate pyruvate-lyase (acetaldehyde-forming). Other names in common use include 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase, HOA, DmpG, BphI, 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate pyruvate-lyase, and 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate pyruvate-lyase. This enzyme participates in 8 metabolic pathways: phenylalanine metabolism, benzoate degradation via hydroxylation, biphenyl degradation, toluene and xylene degradation, 1,4-dichlorobenzene degradation, fluorene degradation, carbazole degradation, and styrene degradation.

References

Manjasetty BA, Powlowski J, Vrielink A (2003). "Crystal structure of a bifunctional aldolase-dehydrogenase: sequestering a reactive and volatile intermediate". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100 (12): 6992–7. PMC 165818 . PMID 12764229. doi:10.1073/pnas.1236794100.
Powlowski J, Sahlman L, Shingler V (1993). "Purification and properties of the physically associated meta-cleavage pathway enzymes 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase and aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) from Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600". J. Bacteriol. 175 (2): 377–85. PMC 196151 . PMID 8419288.
Manjasetty BA, Croteau N, Powlowski J, Vrielink A (2001). "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of dmpFG-encoded 4-hydroxy-2-ketovalerate aldolase--aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating) from Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600". Acta Crystallogr. D. 57 (Pt 4): 582–5. PMID 11264589. doi:10.1107/S0907444901000439.
Baker, P., Pan, D., Carere, J., Rossi, A., Wang, W., and Seah, S. Y. (2009) "Characterization of an Aldolase-Dehydrogenase Complex That Exhibits Substrate Channeling in the Polychlorinated Biphenyls Degradation Pathway", Biochemistry. doi:10.1021/bi9006644. PMID 19476337

Carbon-carbon lyases (EC 4.1)
4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases	Acetoacetate decarboxylase Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Arginine decarboxylase Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Glutamate decarboxylase Histidine decarboxylase Lysine decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Ornithine decarboxylase Oxaloacetate decarboxylase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase Pyruvate decarboxylase RuBisCO Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase
4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases	Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Aldolase A Aldolase B Aldolase C 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase Threonine aldolase
4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases	Isocitrate lyase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
4.1.99: Other	Tryptophanase Photolyase CPD lyase Spore photoproduct lyase

Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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