3M-54 Klub

Kalibr

export variant of missile
Type Cruise missile
Anti-ship missile
Anti-submarine missile
Submarine-launched cruise missile
Air-launched cruise missile
Land-attack missile
Surface-to-surface missile
Place of origin Russia
Service history
In service 2012
Used by See Operators
Wars Syrian Civil War
Production history
Manufacturer Novator Design Bureau
Produced 1978
Specifications
Weight Varies on variant, from 1,300 kg-1780 kg-2300 kg
Length Varies on variant, from 6.2 m to 8.9 m
Diameter 0.533 m
Warhead about 500 kg or nuclear[1][2]

Engine Multi-stage Solid-Fuel rocket, Turbojet engine for 3M-54/E/TE/E1/TE1, -14/E/TE, Solid fuel rocket for 91RE1/RTE2
Operational
range

91RE1: 50 km
3M-54E: 220 km
3M-54E1/3M-14E: 300 km
3M-54/3M-54T: 660 km

3M-14/3M-14T: 2,500 km[3]
Flight ceiling 1,000 m
Flight altitude 50-150 m AGL[4]
Speed 0.8-2.5-2.9 Mach
Guidance
system
Inertial guidance plus terminal Active radar homing, By satellites, DSMAC
Launch
platform
naval ships, submarines, containers, airplanes, TEL

The Russian 3M-54 Калибр (Kalibr) and 3M-14 Бирюза (Biryuza, Turqoise) (NATO codename SS-N-27 Sizzler) are Russian surface ship and submarine-launched anti-ship and coastal anti ship (AShM) and land attack cruise missiles (LACM) developed by the Novator Design Bureau (OKB-8). Derived export versions are the 3M-54E and the 3M-54E1. The 3M-54, 3M-54E, 3M-54TE and 3M-54AE have a second stage that performs a supersonic sprint in the terminal approach to the target, reducing the time that target's defense systems have to react. The 3M-54E1 only travels at subsonic speeds during its entire flight, though range is longer than that of the supersonic versions accordingly.

The name of Club is used for export versions.

Design

The missile is a modular system with five versions: two anti-shipping types, one for land attack and two anti-submarine types. The missile is designed to share common parts between the surface and submarine-launched variants but each missile consists of different components, for example, the booster. The missile can be launched from a surface ship using a Vertical Launch System (VLS). It has a booster with thrust vectoring capability. The missile launched from a submarine torpedo tube has no need for such an addition but has a conventional booster instead. The air launched version is held in a container that is dropped and the missile launches, detaching from the container.

Kalibr land attack versions in use by Russia have various claimed maximum ranges; it is believed that the conventionally armed version has a range of 2,500 km (1,600 mi)[5], while a nuclear armed Kalibr has a greater range of 2,600 km (1,600 mi).[6]

Terminal supersonic flight

3M-54E maquette

The Russian domestic variant (3M54) and export variants (3M54E/3M54TE) fly at sub-sonic speeds while achieving supersonic speed as they near their target. They are also capable of performing very high angled defensive high speed maneuvers in contrast to the common linear flight path of other anti-ship cruise missiles.[7]

Name

The names of missiles 3M are written by manufacturer, media, specialists or military with or without - in reference to the URAV VMF Index, similar to GRAU Index. Originally without "-".

Operational history

Variants

Domestic variants are basic versions of this missile family; these are the 3M54 and 3M14. The export model is called Club (formerly Klub). There are two major launch platforms: the Kalibr-PL (export Club-S), designed for use from submarines, and the Kalibr-NK (export Club-N), designed for surface ships. These two launch platforms can be equipped with the following warhead and guidance combinations:[34]

Domestic variants

Export variants

3M-54E1 maquette

Club-S

3M-14E maquette
91RE1 maquette

Club-N

91RTE2 maquette

Club-M

Land-based anti-ship missile for coastal defense. Range 300 km, includes supersonic terminal sprint phase.[6]

Club-A

Launch platforms

Indian Navy frigate INS Tabar firing the Klub missile.

The Russian Kilo class, Lada class, Akula class, Yasen class, Borei class are the submarine launch platforms for the missiles.

The Russian Admiral Gorshkov class, Admiral Grigorovich class, Gepard class frigates are able to carry these missiles. Also the Indian Talwar class frigate is another shipborne launch platform for the Club missile system.

The Russian Gremyashchy class, Buyan-M class, the second batch of Steregushchy class corvettes are low displacement platforms with Kalibr system ability.

In addition, it is believed by some analysts that an air-launched variant will be developed to arm the Tu-142s currently in service with both the Russian and Indian Navies; it is also anticipated that the Tu-22M3 operated by the Indian Navy will be equipped with the missile.[41] A truck mounted version is planned for development by the Novator Design Bureau. A Club-K variant, which is disguised as a shipping container that can be placed on a truck, train, or merchant vessel, was advertised in 2010 and was shown for the first time at the MAKS 2011 air show.[42][43][44] Putting the launcher system into a standard shipping container allows the missiles to be moved and stored without arousing suspicion, which in turn renders pre-emptive strikes against the launcher very difficult. In MAKS 2007, the 3M-54AE was placed beside a Su-35. This means the plane will have the ability to launch the Club-A variants. The lighter 3M-14AE was also beside MiG-35.

Operators

Map with 3M-54 operators

See also

References

  1. "صواريخ روسية غيرت مفهوم المعركة وأخافت العالم" [Russian missiles changed the concept of the battle frightened the world]. YouTube (in Arabic).
  2. http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2015/1209/164032600/detail.shtml
  3. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/russias-cruise-missiles-raise-the-stakes-in-the-caspian
  4. Packing a Punch: Buyan-M Corvettes Built for Russian Navy - Strategic-Culture.org, 26 September 2016
  5. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/russias-cruise-missiles-raise-the-stakes-in-the-caspian
  6. 1 2 Sokov on Russian Cruise Missiles - Armscontrolwonk.com, 25 August 2015
  7. "Navy Lacks Plan to Defend Against `Sizzler' Missile". Bloomberg. 2007-03-23. Archived from the original on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMfGtaQZJ2s
  9. Defense Ministry Releases Video of Cruise Missile Strikes on ISIL Targets - Sputniknews.com, 7 October 2015
  10. "4 Russian warships launch 26 missiles against ISIS from Caspian Sea". rt.com. 7 October 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  11. Aji, Albert; Vasilyeva, Nataliya (7 October 2015). "Russia fires cruise missiles from warships into Syria". Yahoo News. Associated Press. Retrieved 9 October 2015.
  12. U.S.: Several Russian cruise missiles landed in Iran - Militarytimes.com, 8 October 2015
  13. "Russia, Iran Deny US Claims of Cruise Missiles Crashing on Iran". News From Antiwar.com. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
  14. "Russia denies missiles aimed at Syria landed in Iran". the Guardian. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
  15. Russia Refutes Pentagon Claims Some Caspian Strike Missiles Failed Over Iran - News.USNI.org, 9 October 2015
  16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-4IPnsu2Yc
  17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWMgPOt-F4Q
  18. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xriz4VVst8E
  19. "Russia Releases Video of Missile Strikes on ISIL Targets From Caspian". Sputnik. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgi9L1srfic
  21. http://tass.ru/en/defense/842471
  22. "Russian Warships Launch Cruise Missiles on al-Nusra Front Targets in Syria.". Sputnik (news agency). 2016-08-19.
  23. "Russia: Mossad, other foreign agents killed in Aleppo strike". Retrieved 2016-09-22.
  24. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=veunTV1RUPQ
  25. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0GImEfpCZI
  26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSVdtZ0O_bk
  27. "Russian warships fire cruise missiles at Isil targets near Palmyra". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
  28. "Russia fires cruise missiles at IS targets in Syria". BBC News. 2017-05-31. Retrieved 2017-05-31.
  29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQjGYvcQ-1I
  30. https://www.rbth.com/news/2017/06/23/russian-warships-fire-kalibr-missiles-destroy-isis-arms-depots-in-syria_788422
  31. "Удар крылатыми ракетами «Калибр» по объектам ИГИЛ в Сирии кораблями ВМФ РФ в Средиземном море.". Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia). 2017-06-23.
  32. "Russian warships fire Kalibr cruise missiles, destroy IS arms depots in Syria.". TASS. 2017-06-23.
  33. "Russian submarine, frigates hit ISIS from Mediterranean, again.". NavalToday. 2017-06-23.
  34. Jane's Weapons: Naval 2012-2013, Janes Information Group, 2012, p. 13
  35. "Вести недели / Эфир от 11.10.2015" [Vesti nedeli/Stream from 11.10.2015]. russia.tv (in Russian). Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  36. "Ракетный "привет" для ИГ" [Rocket "Hello" for IS]. vesti7.ru (in Russian). 11 October 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  37. https://theaviationist.com/2015/12/08/kalibr-from-subs-against-syria/
  38. 1 2 Jane's Weapons: Naval 2012-2013, Janes Information Group, 2012, p. 15
  39. "KLUB (SS-N-27) ASCM". bharat-rakshak.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 2010.
  40. "Surface Forces: Arming Container Ships With Anti-Ship Missiles". strategypage.com.
  41. "3M-54 Klub". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-04.
  42. Stott, Michael (2010-04-26). "Deadly new Russian weapon hides in shipping container". Reuters. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
  43. "MAKS: Russian firm debuts shipping container-housed cruise missiles". Flight Global. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  44. "Russian company unveils 'bomb in a box' cruise missile system". RIA Novosti. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
  45. http://tass.com/defense/936090
  46. Pandit, Rajat (August 4, 2008). "India to acquire new undersea cruise missiles". Times of India. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
  47. Vietnam Buys Deadly New Missiles Capable of Hitting China - Thediplomat.com, 30 April 2015
  48. Newsweek, article “China’s Carrier Killers”, Oct. 4, 2010
  49. Strategy Page, article Iranian Submarine Launched Missiles, Aug. 30, 2006
  50. NTI, article Iran Submarine Import and Export Behavior, Aug. 8, 2012
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