23 (number)

[[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]] [[{{#expr: (floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}} (number)|{{#switch:{{{1}}}|-1={{#ifexpr:(floor({{{number}}} div 10)) = 0|-1|←}}|10=→|#default={{#expr:(floor({{{number}}} div {{{factor}}})) * {{{factor}}}+({{{1}}}*{{{factor}}} div 10)}}}}]]

List of numbers — Integers

← 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 →

Cardinal

twenty-three

23rd
(twenty-third)

trivigesimal

1, 23

XXIII

10111₂

212₃

113₄

43₅

35₆

27₈

1B₁₂

17₁₆

13₂₀

N₃₆

23 (twenty-three) is the natural number following 22 and preceding 24.

In mathematics

Twenty-three is the ninth prime number, the smallest odd prime that is not a twin prime. Twenty-three is also the fifth factorial prime,^[1] the second Woodall prime.^[2] It is an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form 3n − 1.

The fifth Sophie Germain prime^[3] and the fourth safe prime,^[4] 23 is the next to last member of the first Cunningham chain of the first kind to have five terms (2, 5, 11, 23, 47). Since 14! + 1 is a multiple of 23 but 23 is not one more than a multiple 14, 23 is a Pillai prime.^[5] 23 is the smallest odd prime to be a highly cototient number, as the solution to x − φ(x) for the integers 95, 119, 143, 529.^[6]

23 is the first prime p for which unique factorization of cyclotomic integers based on the pth root of unity breaks down.

The sum of the first 23 primes is 874, which is divisible by 23, a property shared by few other numbers.^[7]^[8]

In the list of fortunate numbers, 23 occurs twice, since adding 23 to either the fifth or eighth primorial gives a prime number (namely 2333 and 9699713).^[9]

23 also has the distinction of being one of two integers that cannot be expressed as the sum of fewer than 9 cubes of positive integers (the other is 239). See Waring's problem.

23 is a Wedderburn–Etherington number.^[10] The codewords in the perfect (non-extended) binary Golay code are of size 23.

According to the birthday paradox, in a group of 23 (or more) randomly chosen people, the probability is more than 50% that some pair of them will have the same birthday. A related coincidence is that 365 times the natural logarithm of 2, approximately 252.999, is very close to the number of pairs of 23 items, 253.

In base 10, 23 is the second Smarandache–Wellin prime, as it is the concatenation of the base 10 representations of the first two primes (2 and 3) and is itself also prime.^[11] It is also a happy number in base 10.^[12] 23! is 23 digits long in base 10. There are only three other numbers that have this property: 1, 22, and 24.

The natural logarithms of all positive integers lower than 23 are known to have binary BBP-type formulae.^[13]

23 is the smallest prime number p such that the largest consecutive pair of p-smooth numbers is the same as the largest consecutive pair of (p − 1)-smooth numbers, as given in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences sequence A228611. That is, the largest consecutive pair of 23-smooth numbers, (11859210, 11859211), is the same as the largest consecutive pair of 22-smooth numbers, and 23 is the smallest prime for which this is true.

23 is the smallest positive solution to Sunzi's original formulation of the Chinese remainder theorem.

In science and technology

The atomic number of vanadium.
The atomic mass number of the stable isotope of sodium.
Normal human sex cells have 23 chromosomes.^[14] Other human cells have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.^[15]
Scientific notation for the Avogadro constant is written as 7023602214179000000♠6.02214179(30)×10²³ mol⁻¹.^[16]
23 is the width of the Arecibo message, sent to space in search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
23 is the TCP/IP port used for telnet and is the default for the telnet command.

In religion

Psalm 23, also known as the Shepherd Psalm, is possibly the most quoted and best known Psalm.^[17] Psalms is also the 23rd book in the Douay–Rheims Bible.
In Islam, the Qur'an was revealed in a total of 23 years to Prophet Muhammed.^[18]^[19]
Muslims believe the first verses of the Qur'an were revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad on the 23rd night of the 9th Islamic month.^[20]
Principia Discordia, the sacred text of Discordianism, holds that 23 (along with the discordian prime 5) is one of the sacred numbers of Eris, goddess of discord.

In popular culture

Music

Alfred Harth uses the number 23 in his artist name Alfred 23 Harth, or A23H, since the year 1+9+8+5 = 23.
Several songs and albums use the number 23 as their titles, including Tristan Prettyman's debut album, the eleventh song from Tool's fourth full-length studio album 10,000 Days, "Viginti Tres" (Latin for twenty-three).
Blonde Redhead have the album '23' and the song with the same name.
Jimmy Eat World's song "23" appeared on their album Futures. The number also appears in the songs "Christmas Card" and "12."23".95" as well as on some items of clothing produced by the band.
Four tet and Yellowcard both have songs titled "Twenty-Three".
The Posies have a record called Dear 23
The Church's 2009 studio album is called "Untitled 23"
Spiral Tribe From its inception, the group was obsessed by the number 23. Members sometimes recorded under the moniker of SP23, and the record label itself was called Network 23.
Carbon Based Lifeforms released a 2011 album titled "Twentythree."
Noah23 has several albums which reference the number 23.
Luna's song "23 Minutes in Brussels" (featuring Tom Verlaine) appears on their album "Penthouse".
The composer Alban Berg had a particular interest in the number 23, using it to structure several works. Various suggestions have been made as to the reason for this interest: that he took it from the Biorhythms theory of Wilhelm Fliess, in which a 23-day cycle is considered significant,^[21] or because he first suffered an asthma attack on 23rd of the month.^[22]
23 is a single by Mike Will Made-It released in 2013 featuring Miley Cyrus, Wiz Khalifa, and Juicy J.
On the cover of The Beatles' 1969 album Yellow Submarine the number 23 is displayed on the chest of one of the Blue Meanies.
The number 23 is used by the Spiral Tribe free party sound system. Sometimes it's used to discretely mark the spots of a freetekno rave. Some of the members of the Spiral Tribe are also known as Network 23,

Film and television

23 is a German film about Karl Koch.
The Number 23 is a 2007 film starring Jim Carrey about a man who becomes obsessed with the 23 enigma.
The 1980s TV series Max Headroom was set at Network 23.
In The Matrix Reloaded, the Architect tells Neo it is of utmost importance to choose 23 people to repopulate Zion.
In Jeepers Creepers, the Creeper appears every 23 years for 23 days to feast on human flesh.
As revealed in Japanese film L: Change the World, 23 is the maximum number of days a person may live before he dies by the cause of writing his name in Death Note. Main protagonist L of the film L: Change the World, signs his name in Death Note so to die after 23 days.
In The Big Lebowski, the main characters deliberately use only lane 23 at the bowling alley.

Other fields

23 skidoo (phrase) (sometimes 23 skiddoo) is an American slang phrase popularized during the early 20th century. 23 skidoo has been described as "perhaps the first truly national fad expression and one of the most popular fad expressions to appear in the U.S".
The 23 Enigma plays a prominent role in the plot of the Illuminatus! Trilogy by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson.
The 23, in South Africa, refers to the 23 conscientious objectors who publicly refused to do military service in the Apartheid army in 1987. The following years the number increased to 143 (in 1988) and 771 (in 1989), with Apartheid being dismantled from 1990 onwards.^[23]
Julius Caesar was stabbed 23 times.^[24]
In The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, within the first dungeon, a deku scrub states "The order is...2 3 1. Twenty-three is number one!" as a hint to defeating his brethren deeper in the dungeon.
X-23 is a character in the Marvel Universe. She is named for being the 23rd attempt to create a female genetic twin of Wolverine after attempts to create a male clone failed.
In Blizzard Entertainment's team-based first-person shooter video game, Overwatch, and in the now finished Alternate Reality Game (ARG) based on the Offense hero, Sombra, the number 23 was important. Sombra ended up being the 23rd hero in Overwatch, hence the reference to the number.

References

↑ "Sloane's A088054 : Factorial primes". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ "Sloane's A050918 : Woodall primes". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ "Sloane's A005384 : Sophie Germain primes". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ "Sloane's A005385 : Safe primes". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ "Sloane's A063980 : Pillai primes". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ "Sloane's A100827 : Highly cototient numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ (sequence A045345 in the OEIS)
↑ Puzzle 31.- The Average Prime number, APN(k) = S(P_k)/k from The Prime Puzzles & Problems Connection website
↑ "Sloane's A005235 : Fortunate numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ "Sloane's A001190 : Wedderburn-Etherington numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ "Sloane's A069151 : Concatenations of consecutive primes, starting with 2, that are also prime". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ "Sloane's A007770 : Happy numbers". The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. Retrieved 2016-05-31.
↑ http://www.math.grinnell.edu/~chamberl/papers/bbp.pdf
↑ H. Wramsby, K. Fredga, P. Liedholm, "Chromosome analysis of human oocytes recovered from preovulatory follicles in stimulated cycles" New England Journal of Medicine 316 3 (1987): 121 - 124
↑ Barbara J. Trask, "Human genetics and disease: Human cytogenetics: 46 chromosomes, 46 years and counting" Nature Reviews Genetics 3 (2002): 769. "Human cytogenetics was born in 1956 with the fundamental, but empowering, discovery that normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes."
↑ Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N.; Newell, David B. (2008). "CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006". Reviews of Modern Physics. 80 (2): 633–730. Bibcode:2008RvMP...80..633M. arXiv:0801.0028 . doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.80.633. Direct link to value.
↑ Miriam Dunson, A Very Present Help: Psalm Studies for Older Adults. New York: Geneva Press (1999): 91. "Psalm 23 is perhaps the most familiar, the most loved, the most memorized, and the most quoted of all the psalms."
↑ Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths, Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers,
↑ Qur'an, Chapter 17, Verse 106
↑ Quran, Chapter 97
↑ Jarman, D. (1983). Alban Berg, Wilhelm Fliess and the Secret Programme of the Violin Concerto. The Musical Times Vol. 124, No. 1682 (Apr. 1983), pp. 218-223
↑ Jarman, D. (1985). The Music of Alban Berg. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 228-230
↑ "Nan Cross: Supported men resisting apartheid conscription", The Sunday Times (South Africa), 2007-07-22, accessed 2009-01-05.
↑ Woolf Greg (2006), Et Tu Brute? – The Murder of Caesar and Political Assassination, 199 pages – ISBN 1-86197-741-7

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: 23 (number)

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Integers

0s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

100s
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129
130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139
140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149
150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159
160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169
170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179
180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189
190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199

200s
200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209
210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219
220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229
230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239
240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249
250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259
260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269
270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279
280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289
290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299

300s
300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309
310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319
320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329
330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339
340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349
350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359
360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369
370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379
380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389
390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399

400s
400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409
410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419
420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429
430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439
440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449
450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459
460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469
470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479
480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489
490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499

500s
500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509
510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519
520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529
530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539
540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549
550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559
560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569
570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579
580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589
590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599

600s
600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609
610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619
620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629
630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639
640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649
650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659
660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669
670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679
680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689
690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699

700s
700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709
710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719
720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729
730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739
740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749
750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759
760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769
770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779
780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789
790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799

800s
800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809
810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819
820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829
830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839
840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849
850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859
860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869
870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879
880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889
890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899

900s
900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909
910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919
920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929
930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939
940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949
950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959
960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969
970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979
980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989
990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999

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