22nd Infantry Regiment (United States)

22nd Infantry Regiment

Coat of arms
Active 1861–present
Country  United States
Branch  United States Army
Type 2nd Bn: light infantry
Part of 2nd Bn: 10th Mountain Division
Garrison/HQ 2nd Bn: Fort Drum
Nickname(s) Regulars
Motto(s) Deeds, Not Words
Engagements Indian Wars
Civil War
Spanish–American War
Philippine–American War
World War II
Vietnam War
Somalia
Afghanistan Campaign
Iraq Campaign
Insignia
Distinctive unit insignia
U.S. Infantry Regiments
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21st Infantry Regiment 23rd Infantry Regiment

The 22nd Infantry Regiment is a parent regiment of the United States Army. Currently the 2nd Battalion is active. The 1st, 3rd and 4th Battalions have been inactivated. The regimental colors reside at Fort Drum, New York, with the 2nd Battalion.[1][2]

Lineage

Regiment

Activated again at Fort Ord for assignment to Germany in the German Occupation. Sent to Fort Benning and subsequently shipped out to Bremerhaven, Germany in 1951. 2d Battalion went to Schweinfurt, Germany.

ANNEX

Indian Wars

After the American Civil War and garrison duty in the East, the regiment was transferred to the Northern Plains and served in frontier forts. The regiments' efforts included keeping civilians out of the Black Hills of Dakota Territory that had been ceded to the Lakota Sioux in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868. In 1869, the 22nd Infantry was involved in actions at the Oglala Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, in South Dakota.

After 1870, the United States Army allowed Black Seminoles from Mexico to serve as army scouts for the United States. These scouts were formally attached to the 22nd, but often served independently. The Seminole Negro Indian Scouts fought in the Texas Indian Wars of the 1870s. The scouts were well known for their tracking abilities and feats of endurance. Four of the 22nd Infantries' Seminole Scouts were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. After the Texas Indian Wars, the scouts remained stationed at Fort Clark in Brackettville, Texas.[4]

On 8 January 1877, Companies E, and F of the 22nd Infantry fought at the Battle of Wolf Mountain on the Tongue River in Montana Territory, and on 7 May 1877, Companies E, F, and G were present at the Battle of Little Muddy Creek. In 1888 the 22nd Infantry's regiment headquarters were moved to Fort Keogh, Montana, and would remain there until 1896. In December 1890, and January 1891, the regiment participated in repressing the Ghost Dance on the Sioux Reservation in South Dakota, and in 1891, and 1892 patrolled throughout Montana.[5][6]

Spanish–American War

The 22nd Infantry Regiment fought at Santiago 3 to 17 July 1898 One of the regimental officers, Captain Edward O. Ord, (son of Major General Edward Otho Cresap Ord and whom Fort Ord was named for) remained in Cuba for nine months as interpreter on the staff of General Alexander R. Lawton while the rest of the regiment prepared for service in th Philippines.[7]

Philippine-American War

By 1900 the 22nd Regiment was en route piecemeal to the Philippines when the Philippine–American War broke out. They participated in battles in Manila, Luzon, Malolos, San Isidro then other battles during the Moro Rebellion on Mindanao and Jolo. By 1905, the regiment had returned to garrison duty in the San Francisco region.[7]

San Francisco earthquake

A few soldiers from the 22nd Infantry Regt. looting shoes on Market Street (between 7th and 8th) in the aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
Famous painting Thank God For the Soldiers. Period piece depicting US Army soldiers bringing in critical supplies for the survivors.

On 18 April 1906, just after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, recently retired Captain Edward Ord of the 22nd Infantry Regiment was appointed a Special Police Officer by San Francisco Mayor Eugene Schmitz and liasioned with Major General Adolphus Greely for relief work with the 22nd Infantry Regiment and other military units involved in the emergency. Ord later wrote a long letter[7] to his mother on 20 April regarding Schmitz' "shoot-to-kill" order and some "despicable" behavior of certain soldiers of his former 22nd Infantry Regiment from the Presidio who were looting. At the same time, Ord also made it clear that the majority of soldiers served the community well.[8][9]

From June 1908 to August 1910 the 22nd Infantry was posted to Alaska to maintain the Alaskan telegraph line between Fairbanks and Nome. This posting would be one of the last large scale presence of Army troops since the 1898 gold rush and before the telegraph was replaced with a series of wireless stations. The regiment deployed about two companies each to Fort Seward in Haines, Fort Liscomb in Valdez, Fort St. Michael in St. Michael, Fort Davis in Nome, Fort Gibbon in Tanana, and Fort Egbert in Eagle.

World War I

From the Presidio, the regiment was called to Mexican border in Arizona during the Mexican Punitive Expedition in early 1916. While not joining in the pursuit of Pancho Villa, they guarded the border region around Douglas, Arizona, and maintained the peace in that area during their time there.

While still in Douglas, Arizona, the 22nd Regiment was set for a return deployment to the Philippines but orders directed it to the East Coast at Fort Jay on Governors Island in New York, New York, quietly arriving there by train and ferry on 2 April 1917.

Just days later, in the early morning of 6 April 1917, just moments after the declaration of war against Germany, the regiment boarded Coast Guard cutters and seized German owned freighters, passenger ships and shipping terminals along the Hudson River in Hoboken, New Jersey and in New York Harbor. Theirs was the first American military action to be taken in World War I. The docks and piers seized in Hoboken were the basis of the New York Port of Embarkation from where tens of thousands of troops would depart to France, with the German cruise ships serving as troop transports.

The regiment was the largest organized combat-ready Army presence in New York City during the war where it was engaged in homeland protection duties: guarding tunnels, bridges, rail lines and other important transportation infrastructure that moved troops and material for the war to the city and port. One battalion was also posted to Washington, D.C. as the primary Army presence in that city, where they also protected vital transportation and military infrastructure.

World War II

The 22d Infantry Regiment was stationed at Fort McClellan, Alabama, as a component of the 8th Infantry Brigade, which was the sole active component of the deactivated 4th Infantry Division. 22d Regiment moved to Fort Benning on 21 February 1941 to train with the division, and then moved to Camp Gordon, Georgia on 27 December 1941, where it was reorganized under a motorized TO&E on 9 September 1942.

The regiment moved to Fort Dix, New Jersey on 16 April 1943, where it was reorganized under a regular infantry TO&E on 1 August 1943. The regiment continued to train for combat, moving on to Camp Gordon Johnston, Florida on 28 September 1943, and to Fort Jackson, South Carolina on 1 December 1943. 22nd IR subsequently got its Port Call orders, and staged at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey on 8 January 1944 until it shipped out from the New York Port of Embarkation on 18 January 1944.

Hemingway and Col. Lanham in Schnee Eifel, Germany, 18 September 1944

The regiment arrived in England on 29 January 1944, settled in near Plymouth, England, and started preparations to assault Utah Beach.

The regiment assaulted Utah Beach on 6 June 1944, as part of VII Corps in the D-Day Invasion, and arrived in the vicinity of Pavenoville, France by the end of D-day. It then participated in the Cherbourg Peninsula operation while attached to 2nd Armored Division from 19 July through 2 August 1944.

The regiment then returned to 4th Infantry Division, and headed for Belgium as part of the Operation Cobra, moved into Belgium on 6 September 1944, and entered Germany on 11 September 1944. On 14 September its Third Battalion broke through the Siegfried Line near Buchet, but neither the regiment nor other formations of 4th Division were able to exploit a success because of rough terrain lacking good roads, bad weather hampering air and artillery support and several other causes.[10][11] These developments were described by Ernest Hemingway in his article War in the Siegfried Line.

The regiment was attached to 83d Infantry Division between 3–7 December 1944, and then returned to 4th Infantry Division in Luxembourg on 12 December 1944. The 22nd then moved to Belgium on 28 January 1945, and re-entered Germany on 7 February 1945, where it remained on mop-up and occupation until 12 July 1945, when it DEROSed to the New York POE, and moved to its temporary home at Camp Butner, North Carolina while the regiment trained for movement to Japan. However, the war in the Pacific terminated, and the regiment remained at Camp Butner until it was deactivated on 5 March 1946.

1st Battalion

The 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment, was originally constituted on 3 May 1861 in the Regular Army as Companies A and I, 2nd Battalion, 13th Infantry. It organized in May 1865 at Camp Dennison, Ohio. It reorganized and was redesignated on 21 September 1866 as Companies A and I, 22nd Infantry.

Companies A and I, 22nd Infantry consolidated on 4 May 1869 and the consolidated unit was designated as Company A, 22nd Infantry; the 22nd Infantry being assigned on 24 March 1923 to the 4th Division [later redesignated as the 4th Infantry Division]. It inactivated on 30 June 1927 at Fort McPherson, Georgia.

The unit reactivated on 1 June 1940 at Fort McClellan, Alabama, before inactivating on 1 March 1946 at Camp Butner, North Carolina.

It reactivated 15 July 1947 at Fort Ord, California. It reorganized and was redesignated on 1 April 1957 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Battle Group, 22nd Infantry and remained assigned to the 4th Infantry Division (with its organic elements being concurrently constituted and activated).

It was reorganized and redesignated on 1 October 1963 as the 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry. It was deployed to Vietnam as part of the 2d Brigade of the 4th Infantry Division and conducted operations in the Central Highlands.

It was inactivated on August 1984 at Fort Carson, Colorado and relieved from its assignment to the 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized).

It was reactivated in May 1986 at Fort Drum, New York and assigned to the 10th Mountain Division (Light). The battalion deployed to combat in Somalia in 1993 as a part of the 10th Mountain Division. Relieved in February 1996 from this assignment to the 10th Mountain Division (Light), the 1st Battalion was reassigned to the 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized) at Fort Hood, Texas.

Soldiers from the 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment, deployed in late April 2002 to become part of Joint Task Force 160, as the only Army Infantry deployed to Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba. Approximately 200 soldiers from the 1st Battalion were tasked with providing external security for the detainee facilities. The battalion deployed twice from April–July and again from September–December 2002. This included fixed site security, patrols, observation posts, a quick reaction force, and also playing a role in escorting and transporting detainees. The soldiers of the 22nd Infantry were awarded the Joint Meritorious Unit Award for their outstanding service in Cuba during this period.

Operation Iraqi Freedom

OIF I

In March 2003, the 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment, deployed to Iraq with the 4th Infantry Division as a part of the 1st Brigade, 4ID. Originally commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Mark Woempner from March through June 2003, the battalion secured Tikrit in northern Iraq. After changing command in the "Birthday Palace" in Tikrit 11 June 2003 was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Steven Russell and was instrumental in the hunt and eventual capture of Saddam Hussein during Operation Red Dawn, on 13 December 2003. It was decorated with a Valorous Unit Award for its service during this period. The battalion redeployed from Iraq to Fort Hood, Texas in April, 2004. Steven Russell wrote a book about the time in Iraq entitled We Got Him!: A Memoir of the Hunt and Capture of Saddam Hussein.

OIF 05-07

In December 2005, under the command of LTC Craig Osborne, the 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry once again deployed with the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division to Iraq to serve for one year in the Baghdad area. During this time, the battalion secured their area of operations, engaged in assisting the local population, and fought against the extremist groups.

Soldiers who did not return home: CPL Nathaniel Aguirre (died 22 October 2006), SPC Matthew Creed (died 22 October 2006), SGT Luis Montes (died 7 September 2006), SGT Chase Haag (died 1 October 2006), PFC Sean Tharp (died 28 March 2006), SPC Ronald Gebur (died 30 May 2006), CPL Bobby West (died 30 May 2006), 2LT Johnny Craver (died 13 October 2006), PFC Kevin Ellenburg (died 1 November 2006), SPC William Hayes (died 5 February 2006), 2LT Christopher Loudon (died 17 October 2006), CPL Joseph Dumas, Jr. (died 17 October 2006), CPL David Unger (died 17 October 2006), SPC Russell Culbertson (died 17 October 2006), CPL Marcus Cain (died 14 September 2006), SGT Jennifer Hartman (died 14 September 2006), and SGT Brandon Asbury (died 4 October 2006).

The battalion redeployed from Iraq to Fort Hood, Texas in December 2006. Once established at Fort Hood, Texas, the battalion immediately began preparations for another Operation Iraqi Freedom deployment.

OIF 07-09

In March 2008, under the command of LTC Matt Elledge, the 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry deployed with the 1st Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division to Iraq for a third time to conduct operations in the Baghdad area. In March 2009, the battalion returned to Fort Hood, Texas having restored civil order in southwestern Baghdad. Upon returning home from Iraq, the battalion was awarded the Valorous Unit Award for displaying "extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom" and "the unit demonstrated the ability to innovate and accomplish the mission beyond the call of duty".

Soldiers who did not return home: CPT Andrew "Drew" Pearson (HHC Commander) (died 30 April 2008), SPC Ronald Tucker (died 30 April 2008), and CPL Steven Thompson (died 14 February 2009). In the summer of 2009, the battalion moved with the 4th Infantry Division to Fort Carson, Colorado to prepare for future operations.

Inactivation

1st Battalion 22nd Infantry was deactivated at Fort Carson, Colorado, on March 17, 2014. The 2nd Battalion remains with the 10th Mountain Division at Fort Drum. The Regimental Colors have been transferred to Fort Drum.[2]

Companies

The 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry Regiment was one of the first Combat Arms Battalions to be aligned under the Combined Arms model, which includes two mechanized infantry companies, two tank companies, an engineer company, and a forward support company (FSC).

Specialty platoons

2nd Battalion

The 2nd Battalion, 22nd Infantry (Triple Deuce) regiment was originally constituted on 3 May 1861 in the Regular Army as Companies B and K, 2nd Battalion, 13th Infantry. It was organized in May 1865 at Camp Dennison, Ohio. It was reorganized and redesignated on 21 September 1866 as Companies B and K, 22nd Infantry.

Companies B and K, 22nd Infantry were consolidated on 4 May 1869. The resulting consolidated unit was designated as Company B, 22nd Infantry. It inactivated on 30 June 1927 at Fort McPherson, Georgia. The unit reactivated on 1 June 1940 at Fort McClellan, Alabama, and following the end of World War II, inactivated on 1 March 1946 at Camp Butner, North Carolina.

It activated on 15 July 1947 at Fort Ord, California. It inactivated on again on 1 April 1957 at Fort Lewis, Washington, and was relieved from assignment to the 4th Infantry Division. The unit was concurrently redesignated as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2nd Battle Group, 22nd Infantry.

It was redesignated on 21 August 1963 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion (Mechanized), 22nd Infantry and assigned to the 4th Infantry Division, while its organic elements were concurrently constituted. The battalion activated on 1 October 1963 at Fort Lewis, Washington.

It was relieved on 1 August 1967 from assignment to the 4th Infantry Division and assigned to the 25th Infantry Division. It was relieved on 15 December 1970 from its assignment to the 25th Infantry Division and assigned to the 4th Infantry Division, before being inactivated in September 1972 at Fort Carson, Colorado.

The unit reactivated in September 1976 at Fort Carson and was assigned to Wiesbaden, Germany as part of the 4th Infantry Division (Forward). It inactivated in July 1984 in Wiesbaden, Germany and was relieved from assignment to the 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized).

Soldier of 2-22 Infantry Battalion in Afghanistan 2013

The 2nd Battalion activated in September 1986 at Fort Drum, New York, and was assigned to the 10th Mountain Division (Light).

The 2nd Battalion has seen service in Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Iraq.

2-22 Infantry soldiers manning an out post in Afghanistan, 2013.

2-22 IN deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom 2005–2006 to West Baghdad under the command of LTC Kevin P. Brown. In January 2010, the battalion deployed to Afghanistan. There, they served across the country as advisers and trainers for the Afghan National Army in a wide variety of capacities. The battalion was awarded the Meritorious Unit Citation and the Joint Meritorious Unit Award in recognition for their efforts in improving ANA training and administration. In December 2010, they returned home to Fort Drum, NY. The battalion returned to Afghanistan in late January 2013 taking elements of HHC, A Co, B Co, and D Co. The battalion served in RC East conducting combat operations throughout Ghazni Province, as well as manning OP Goekie. SSG Michael Ollis of B Co. heroically lost his life during the defense of FOB Ghazni, and was awarded the Silver Star, as well as the Polish Gold Medal. The battalion Returned to Fort Drum New York from September through October 2013.

Companies

Specialty platoons

Honors

Campaigns

Indian Wars

  1. Little Big Horn, 1876
  2. Pine Ridge, North Dakota, 1869/69
  3. Montana 1872

Spanish–American War

  1. Santiago

Philippine–American War

  1. Manila
  2. Malolos
  3. San Isidro
  4. Mindanao
  5. Jolo
  6. Luzon 1900

World War II

  1. Normandy (with arrowhead)
  2. Northern France
  3. Rhineland
  4. Ardennes-Alsace
  5. Central Europe

Vietnam

  1. Counteroffensive, Phase II
  2. Counteroffensive, Phase III
  3. Tet Counteroffensive, 1968
  4. Counteroffensive, Phase IV, 1968
  5. Counteroffensive, Phase V, 1968
  6. Counteroffensive, Phase VI, 1968–69
  7. Tet 69/ Counteroffensive 1969
  8. Summer-Fall 1969
  9. Winter-Spring 1970
  10. Sanctuary Counteroffensive 1970
  11. Counteroffensive Phase VII, 1970–71
  12. Consolidation I
  13. Consolidation II

Somalia

  1. Somalia 1993 (1st & 2nd Battalion)

Afghanistan

  1. Streamer to be determined for service in 2003-04 (2nd Battalion)

Iraq

  1. Streamer to be determined for service in 2003-04 (1st Battalion)
  2. Streamer to be determined for service in 2005-06 Baghdad Iraq (1st & 2nd Battalion)
  3. Streamer to be determined for service in 2007-08 Kirkuk Iraq (2nd Battalion)

Decorations

  1. Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered HURTGEN FOREST (22nd Infantry cited; WD GO 37, 1946)
  2. Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered ST. GILLIS MARIGNY (22nd Infantry cited; WD GO 14, 1945)
  3. Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered CARENTAN (3rd Battalion, 22nd Infantry cited;. WD GO 85,1944)
  4. Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered SUOI-TRE, VIETNAM (2nd Battalion and 3rd Battalion (less Company C), 22nd Infantry cited; DA GO 59,1968) * FSB – Gold, 21 March 1967
  5. Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered TAY NINH PROVINCE (3rd Battalion, 22nd Infantry cited; DA GO 42, 1969)
  6. Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered KONTUM (lst Battalion, 22nd Infantry cited; DA GO 43,1970)
  7. Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered IRAQ (lst Battalion, 22nd Infantry cited; DA GO 17 May 2005)
  8. Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered IRAQ (lst Battalion, 22nd Infantry cited; DA GO 19 August 2009)
  9. Belgian Fourragere 1940 (22nd Infantry cited; DA GO 43, 1950) Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in BELGIUM (22nd Infantry cited; DA GO 43, 1950)
  10. Cited in the Order of the Day of the Belgian Army for action in the ARDENNES (22nd Infantry cited; DA GO 43, 1950)

Crest

The regimental crest is very symbolic in nature.

Regimental motto

"Deeds not words"

"Regulars by God"

Notable members

In media

The unit depicted in the 1986 movie Platoon was the 3rd Battalion, 22nd Infantry. In the scene where Oliver Stone makes a cameo appearance as the Battalion Commander, there is a small sign displaying: 3-22 CP (Command Post).

In the television show Jericho, in the last episodes of season one and through season two, 2nd Battalion 22nd Infantry (Triple Deuce) occupies the titular town and plays a key part in the story. Signage on the door to the local bar clearly identifies the unit.

The 1st battalion was broadly covered during the first year of the Iraq war (2003–04) by CNN, Fox News Channel, ABC, NBC News, CBS News, Time, Associated Press and Reuters. This unit was a central player in the hunt and capture of Saddam Hussein and has been featured in the Discovery Channel's Ace in the Hole and BBC Panorama's "Saddam on the Run" documentaries.[13]

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Center of Military History document "Lineage and Honors of the 22nd Infantry".
  1. ↑ "4th Battalion 42nd Field Artillery". 1-22infantry.org. Retrieved 2015-09-08.
  2. 1 2 "1st Battalion 22nd Infantry". 1-22infantry.org. Retrieved 2015-09-08.
  3. ↑ http://www.22ndinfantry.org/lineage_and_honors.htm
  4. ↑ Porter, Kenneth Wiggins (1996). The Black Seminoles: History of a Freedom-Seeking People. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. ISBN 978-0-8130-1451-7. Edited by Alcione M. Amos and Thomas P. Senter.
  5. ↑ Nichols, Roger L. (2003). American Indians in U.S. History. Norman Press. p. 160.
  6. ↑ Utley, Robert M. (2004). The Last Days of the Sioux Nation (2 ed.). Yale University Press. p. 155,157.
  7. 1 2 3 Various (2006). "Ord Family Papers". Georgetown University Libraries Special Collections. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  8. ↑ "Mayor Eugene Schmitz' Famed "Shoot-to-Kill" Order". Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Archived from the original on 23 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-03.
  9. ↑ "Looting Claims Against the U.S. Army Following the 1906 Earthquake". Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
  10. ↑ "22nd Infantry Regiment History WW2". 1-22infantry.org. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  11. ↑ Charles B. MacDonald. "V Corps Hits the West Wall". The Siegfried Line Campaign. Center of Military History, United States Army. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  12. ↑ "LTC Steven D. Russell". 1-22infantry.org. Retrieved 2015-09-08.
  13. ↑ Ace in the Hole – Capturing Saddam Hussein. YouTube. 8 December 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
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