210s BC

Millennium:	1st millennium BC
Centuries:	4th century BC 3rd century BC 2nd century BC
Decades:	230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC
Years:	219 BC 218 BC 217 BC 216 BC 215 BC 214 BC 213 BC 212 BC 211 BC 210 BC
Categories:	Births Deaths Establishments

Events

219 BC

By place

Egypt

Following the defection of one of Ptolemy IV's leading commanders, Egypt's Syrian territories are seriously threatened by Antiochus III, thus initiating the Fourth Syrian War. When the Seleucid ruler captures the important eastern Mediterranean sea ports of Seleucia-in-Pieria, Tyre, and Ptolemais, Ptolemy IV's advisor, Sosibius, and the Ptolemaic court enter into delaying negotiations with the enemy, while the Ptolemaic army is reorganized and intensively drilled.
The former King of Sparta, Cleomenes III, escapes from his Egyptian prison and, after failing to raise a revolt in Alexandria, takes his own life.

Roman Republic

The Romans extend their area of domination around the head of the Adriatic Sea as far as the peninsula of Histria by the conquest of peoples who dwell to the east of the Veneti. Thus, with the exception of Liguria and the upper valley of the Po River, all Italy south of the Alps is brought within the Roman sphere.

Carthage

Hannibal lays siege to Saguntum^[1] thus initiating the Second Punic War between Carthage and Rome. Saguntum is an independent Iberian Peninsula city south of the Ebro River. In the treaty between Rome and Carthage concluded in 226 BC, the Ebro had been set as the northern limit of Carthaginian influence in the Iberian Peninsula. Saguntum is south of the Ebro, but the Romans have "friendship" with the city and regard the Carthaginian attack on it as an act of war. The siege of Saguntum lasts eight months, and in it Hannibal is severely wounded. The Romans, who send envoys to Carthage in protest, demand the surrender of Hannibal.

Greece

The Roman Senate sends the consul Lucius Aemilius Paullus to Illyria with an army. On discovering Rome's intent, the Illyrian leader Demetrius of Pharos puts to death those Illyrians who oppose his rule, fortifies Dimale and goes to Pharos. After a seven-day siege by the Roman fleet under Lucius Aemilius Paulus, Dimale is taken by direct assault. From Dimale, the Roman navy heads to Pharos, where the Roman forces rout the Illyrians. Demetrius flees to Macedonia, where he becomes a trusted councilor at the court of King Philip V.
The Cretan city of Kydonia joins the Aetolian alliance.^[2]

China

Qin Shi Huang orders his generals to capture present-day Guangdong and Guangxi.

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Births

215 BC – Antiochus IV Epiphanes, king of the Seleucid Empire (d. 164 BC) (approximate date)
210 BC – Hui, the second emperor of the Han Dynasty of China (d. 188 BC)

Deaths

219 BC – Cleomenes III, Spartan king from 235 BC to 222 BC, who has reorganized Sparta's political structure and struggled unsuccessfully to destroy the Achaean League.
217 BC
- Gaius Flaminius Nepos, Roman consul and general.
- Pinnes (also Pinneus or Pineus), son of Agron, king of Illyria, and Agron's first wife Triteuta. He has officially succeeded his father as king in 230 BC, but the kingdom has been ruled by Agron's second wife, Queen Teuta and then taken over by the Romans who have placed Demetrius of Pharos in the young king's place.
216 BC
- August 2
  - Lucius Aemilius Paullus, Roman consul and general (killed in the Battle of Cannae)^[3]
  - Gnaeus Servilius Geminus, Roman consul 217 BC (killed in the Battle of Cannae)^[4]
  - Marcus Minucius Rufus, Roman consul 221 BC, Master of the Horse 217 BC (killed in the Battle of Cannae)^[4]
- After August 2 – Gelo, son of Hiero II^[5]
215 BC
- Hiero II, tyrant of Syracuse from 270 BC (b. c. 308 BC)
- Hieronymus, grandson of Hiero II of Syracuse and tyrant (assassinated) (b. c. 231 BC)
213 BC
- Aratus of Sicyon, Greek statesman, general and advocate of Greek unity, who, for many years, has been the leader of the Achaean League (b. 271 BC)
- Achaeus, Seleucid general and later separatist ruler of most of Anatolia until his defeat and execution by the Seleucid king Antiochus III
212 BC
- Archimedes of Syracuse, Greek mathematician and scientist, who has calculated formulae for the areas and volumes of spheres, cylinders, parabolas and other plane and solid figures. He has also founded the science of hydrostatics, including the principle of the upthrust on a floating body which has led to his cry, "Eureka". Thirdly, he has invented siege-engines for use against the Romans and the Archimedean screw to raise water (b. c. 287 BC)
- Xerxes of Armenia (assassinated by his wife Antiochia)
- Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, Roman consul from 215 to 213 BC
211 BC
- Publius Cornelius Scipio, Roman general, consul in 218 BC and later proconsul during the Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage
- Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus, Roman general, statesman and brother of Publius Cornelius Scipio
- Arsaces I, King of Parthia from 250 BC and son of Phriapites, a chief of the seminomadic Parni tribe from the Caspian steppes
- U.K.'s oldest Roman coin is found in Thatcham Berkshire England

210 BC

- September 10 – Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China (b. 260 BC)
- Fusu, first son and heir apparent of Qin Shi Huang
- Meng Tian, general of the Qin Dynasty of China

References

↑ Gavin De Beer, Hannibal: Challenging Rome's Supremacy, 1969, Viking Press, 319 pages
↑ C. Michael Hogan, Cydonia, The Modern Antiquarian, January 23, 2008
↑
1 2 Livy, Ab Urbe Condita, 22.49
↑ Livy, Ab Urbe Condita, 23.30

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