2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike

2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike
Operation Laylat al-Qadr (عملیات لیلةالقدر)
Part of the reactions to 2017 Tehran attacks and the Iranian involvement in the Syrian Civil War
Type Missile strike
Location Deir ez-Zor Governorate, Syria
35°1′6″N 40°27′12″E / 35.01833°N 40.45333°E / 35.01833; 40.45333Coordinates: 35°1′6″N 40°27′12″E / 35.01833°N 40.45333°E / 35.01833; 40.45333
Commanded by IRGC
Target ISIL in Syria
Date 18 June 2017
Executed by IRGC Aerospace Force
Quds Force (intelligence gathering)[1]
Outcome Militarily unknown
Casualties 170+ (per IRGC)[1] killed
Deir ez-Zor
Kermanshah
Kordestan
2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike (Middle East)

On 18 June 2017, under Operation Laylat al-Qadr (Persian: عملیات لیلةالقدر‎‎),[2] Iran's Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) fired six surface-to-surface mid-range ballistic missile from domestic bases targeting ISIL forces in the Syrian Deir ez-Zor Governorate in response to the terrorist attacks in Tehran earlier that month.[3] Next day, the IRGC published aerial videos recorded by the Damascus-based IRGC drones flying over the city during the operation, confirming that the missiles had successfully hit the targets with precision.[4][5] The attack constituted the first operational use of Iran's ballistic missiles since the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s.

In a statement released by IRGC in connection with the strike, they warned terrorists and "their regional and trans-regional supporters" against any new terrorist attacks on Iran. They threatened to respond with greater intensity, should Iran's security be jeopardized by its enemies again.[6][4][7]

Background

During the 2017 Tehran attacks on the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iran's parliament) and the Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini 18 people died (excluding the attackers). The responsibility was claimed by ISIL. The Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) subsequently vowed retaliation for the attacks.[8] Supreme Leader of Iran Ali Khamenei stated on his website that Iran would "slap its enemies" in connection with the Tehran attacks.[9] Hours before the missile strike, Iranian Army’s rapid response forces were deployed in the country's western border areas.[3]

Some Iranian sources suggested that IRGC chose Dayr al-Zawr given that the area had begun to serve as the primary center of assembly, command, and logistics for ISIL militants lately, as the terrorists been moving ground after defeats in Aleppo and Mosul over the previous months.[10]

Missile strike

The missiles were fired on 17 June 2017 from Aerospace Force bases in the Iranian provinces of Kermanshah and Kurdistan against key ISIL sites in Deir ez-Zor region in Syria.[11] According to IRGC, the strike targeted ISIL "command centers, gatherings, logistic sites and factories of suicide car bombs".[11] This became Iran's first operational use of mid-range missiles since the Iran–Iraq War.[12] The missiles reportedly were of Zolfaghar type (upgraded Fateh-110 with a longer range and optional cluster munition warhead), with a reported range of 750 kilometres (470 mi).[3] According to Janes Defence Weekly, the missiles flew 650–700 km, across Iraqi territory.[13] Iranian television showed footage of the missiles being launched into the night sky.

According to The Guardian, it is the first time that IRGC conducted such a strike from Iranian territory.[14] It is also the first time that Zolfaqar missile has been used in combat.[15]

The day after the strike, IRGC released footage depicting moments the missiles successfully hit their targets. The videos were transmitted by drones that the IRGC flew from Damascus over Dayr al-Zour. IRGC spokesman Brigadier General Ramezan Sharif “Fortunately, all incoming reports and images of drones which were monitoring the operation suggest that the six medium-range powerful Iranian missiles have precisely hit the targets, the key bases of terrorists in the general area of Dayr al-Zawr inside Syria.” Amir Ali Hajizadeh, commander of the IRGC's Aerospace Force, said the videos showed them that "the missiles precisely hit their targets."[5][4]

IRGC later provided further details, saying the attack was performed in coordination with the General Staff of the Armed Forces and the Iranian Leader, who is the official commander-in-chief of the Iranian military. The attack was planned by IRGC Aerospace Force based on the intelligence provided by the Quds Force.[1] According to IRGC general Ramazan Sharif, the attack was coordinated in advance with the Syrian government, and the missiles passed the Iraqi airspace to reach their targets. Several of the missiles used were Zolfaghar.[16]

Official statements

In a public statement related to the strikes, published by its Public Relations Office, the IRGC cautioned that the missile strikes were just a warning to deter any further action by the terrorists. It specifically read that the "IRGC warns the Takfiri terrorists and their regional and trans-regional supporters that they would be engulfed by its revolutionary wrath and flames of the fire of its revenge in case they repeat any such devilish and dirty move in future."[6]

Iranian state television quoted Gen. Ramazan Sharif as saying that “if they (IS) carry out a specific action to violate our security, definitely there will be more launches, with intensified strength.” “The Saudis and Americans are especially receivers of this message.” Said Sharif. “Obviously and clearly, some reactionary countries of the region, especially Saudi Arabia, had announced that they are trying to bring insecurity into Iran.”[7] The same missiles can reach Saudi capital Riyadh, if fired from Iran.[7]

On June 19, Bahram Qassemi, Iran's Foreign Ministry’s spokesman, stated that the Sunday missile attack against Takfiri targets in Syria was “just a small slap” in the face of the terrorists and their patrons. The retaliation “was just a wake-up warning to those who still cannot or have not managed to decently comprehend the realities of the region and their own limits,” he said, adding that “Iran does not take lightly the issue of defending its security and stability." He also advised regional supporters of Takfiri terror outfits to abandon their vendetta against the Muslims of the region and the Islamic Republic and return to the path of rationalism, fraternity, Islamic solidarity, and “reinforcement of the united front against Zionism.”[17]

Ali Akbar Velayati, a senior adviser to the Leader of the Islamic Revolution, also said, “the world’s most independent country will authoritatively respond to the ill-wishers, terrorists, and the enemies wherever they might be.”[17]

Reaction

Syrian Information Minister, Mohammad Ramez Tourjman said the IRGC missile strikes showed that Iran confronts threats to its existence at all levels, and they "deterred the US from even thinking of attacking Iran or isolating the country." He added the attacks signaled that Syria and the resistance front in Iran and Iraq are determined to uproot terrorism in all forms with all means in hand.[18]

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said “I have one message for Iran: Don’t threaten Israel,” “We are watching their actions and watching their words”. Israeli Defense Minister Avigdor Liberman reacted to the missile strikes by saying “Israel is not worried. Israel is prepared for every development. And we are prepared, we have no concerns or worries”.[19] Israeli Defense Forces Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot acknowledged that the missiles “made a statement” to the world about Iran’s preparedness to use its ballistic missiles.[20]

Analysis

Tactical

Israeli Defense Forces Chief of Staff Gadi Eisenkot stated that the missiles "operational achievement was much smaller" than what has been reported and Iran obtained "far from precise hits."[21] Israeli media claimed that three of what Iran said were the seven ballistic missiles didn’t even make it as far as Syria, falling to earth in Iraq, and only one of the seven landed in its intended target, an Islamic State base in Syria’s mostly IS-held Deir Ezzor province. Another of the seven landed hundreds of yards away, in the city of Mayadin.[22]

On June 24, Brigaider General, Amir Ali Hajizadeh, Commander of IRGC Aerospace Force responded to the claims by Israeli sources, reiterating that the missiles had all hit their targets, and what Israelis had witnessed falling into Iraq were the missiles trunks that were detached from the warheads as the missiles reached as close as 100 kilometers to the targets.[23]

In an interview with BBC Persian, Farzin Nadimi, an independent military expert, stated that judging by the videos and satellite images, it looks like two unknown targets were nearly hit.[24] Babak Taghvaie, author and defense researcher in the same news agency reported that two missiles landed in the target area, one hit open land 150 meters off the specified target (the headquarters of ISIL regional command, in the building that was previously a school called Al-reshad), and the other hit a building next to it's target (a telecommunication building), overall, the attack had little accuracy.[25]

Syrian opposition activist Omar Abu Laila, who is based in Germany but closely follows events in his native Deir el-Zour, said two Iranian missiles fell near and inside Mayadin,[26] an Islamic State stronghold. He said there were no casualties from the strikes.[22]

According to an analyse by French exports, Stéphane Delory and Can Kasapoglu, the released videos show 4 missiles hitting their targets.[27]

Strategic and political

Jerusalem Post claims the strike is a warning aimed at the United States, Saudi Arabia but also Israel.[28]

CNN military analyst, described Iran's move as a "real escalation." "The selection of targets is interesting. They say they are firing at the same people who planned the attacks in Tehran but it also bolsters the Syrian army effort right now." (see also Syrian Desert offensive (May 2017–present) and Siege of Deir ez-Zor (2014–present)) Amir Daftari, a CNN producer in Tehran, said that Iran hadn't hidden its support for Assad "but up until now they've led us to believe that they've provided things like military advisers, volunteers and money."[29]

An analyst writing for HuffPost wrote that Iran just shifted its three decades-long policy of testing, but not using missiles, as a reaction to US President Donald Trump’s escalation in the Middle East in three ways: 1) Needless increase in America’s military involvement in the Syrian proxy war which signaled US intention to dominate Syria, a long-time Iran ally. Iran’s missile strikes were in part to send a message: “We will not allow Syria to leave our orbit for yours.” 2) Giving Saudi Arabia and other traditional US allies in the region a blank check on Middle East security, thereby emboldening them to pursue reckless policies vis-à-vis Iran demonstrated by Saudis call for taking the regional fight inside Iran, not long before terrorists attacked the parliament and Khomeini’s mausoleum in Tehran – allegedly with Saudi support. "A growing number of Iranian decision-makers no longer distinguish between Saudi and American aggression precisely because the latter has blessed the efforts of the former" hence Iran sending a message that regardless of which party attacks them they are going to attack US and its allies' spheres of control in retaliation. 3) Trump’s team has called for regime change in Iran, thereby eliminating the possibility of U.S.-Iran cooperation outside the nuclear deal. Thus, Tehran’s missile strikes in Syria were a clear signal to Washington: “Pursuing regime change won’t be cost-free. We may not be able to win a war, but we can survive one.”[30]

References

  1. 1 2 3 http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13960331001427
  2. ↑ "Iran fires missiles at ISIS in Syria for Tehran attacks". 19 June 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 "Why Iran Targets ISIS Positions in Syria’s Deir Ezzur?". Iran's View. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 "PressTV-IRGC warns terrorists, backers of ‘more revenge’". Retrieved 2017-06-19.
  5. 1 2 "PressTV-Iran shows strong hand with strike + impact video". Retrieved 2017-06-19.
  6. 1 2 "UPDATED: Iran Launches Missile Strikes at ISIL to Avenge Tehran Terrorist Attacks". farsnews.com. 18 June 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  7. 1 2 3 "Iran calls missile attack on Syria militants a wider warning". Washington Post. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  8. ↑ "Iran launches missiles into eastern Syria, targets ISIS". CNN. 18 June 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  9. ↑ "Iran fires missiles at ISIL positions in eastern Syria". Al Jazeera. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  10. ↑ "خبرگزاری تسنیم - چرا سپاه «دیرالزور» سوریه را برای حمله موشکی انتخاب کرد؟". خبرگزاری تسنیم (in Persian). tasnimnews.com. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  11. 1 2 "Iran Hits Terrorist Sites in Syria’s Deir Ez-Zor with Missiles". Tasnim News Agency. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  12. ↑ "Iran Fires at Militants in Syria in First Use of Mid-range Missiles in 30 Years". Haaretz. 18 June 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  13. ↑ "Iran says it hit targets in Syria with Zolfaghar ballistic missiles - Jane's 360". www.janes.com. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  14. ↑ correspondent, Saeed Kamali Dehghan Iran (18 June 2017). "Iran targets 'terrorists' in missile strike on Isis-held Syrian town". Retrieved 19 June 2017 – via The Guardian.
  15. ↑ "Iran’s Missile Strike On ISIS Was Coordinated With Assad, Went Through Iraqi Airspace". The Daily Caller. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  16. ↑ "سخنگوی سپاه : عملیات موشکی سپاه "لیلة‌القدر" نام‌گذاری شد".
  17. 1 2 "PressTV-Iran: Missile strike in Syria 'just a small slap'". Retrieved 2017-06-19.
  18. ↑ "Farsnews". en.farsnews.com. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  19. ↑ "After Iran fires missiles at IS in Syria, Netanyahu warns it not to threaten Israel". Retrieved 20 June 2017.
  20. ↑ "IDF chief says Iranian missiles overhyped, but sent a message".
  21. ↑ "Israel disputes success of Iran missile strike".
  22. 1 2 "Israeli sources: Iran missile strike a ‘flop,’ with most missing target". Retrieved 20 June 2017.
  23. ↑ "همه موشک‌ها به هدف خورده است/ آنچه در عراق به زمین خورد بدنه جدا شده موشک‌ها بود". Fars News Agency (in Persian).
  24. ↑ Nadimi, Farzin. "Did Iranian missiles hit the targets?". BBC Persian. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  25. ↑ تقوایی, بابک (2017-06-30). "عملیات لیلةالقدر، 'اقتدار موشکی با دقت کم'". BBC Persian. Retrieved 2017-07-24.
  26. ↑ Press,, Associated. "Iran fires missiles at IS targets". Retrieved 20 June 2017.
  27. ↑ Delory, Stéphane; Can Kasapoglu (29 June 2017). "Thinking Twice about Iran’s Missile Trends: The Threat is Real but Different than Predicted". Note de la FRS. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
  28. ↑ "Iran missile struck ISIS but is also aimed at US, Saudis, Israel".
  29. ↑ CNN, Artemis Moshtaghian. "Iran launches missiles into eastern Syria". CNN. Retrieved 2017-06-19.
  30. ↑ Marashi, Reza (2017-06-19). "Is Iran’s Ballistic Missile Use Trump’s Fault?". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
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