2015–16 Latakia offensive

2015–16 Latakia offensive
Part of the Syrian Civil War and the Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
Syrian Army control (including Hezbollah)      Syrian opposition control (including al-Nusra Front)      Ongoing confrontation or unclear situation
Date 15 October 2015[1] – 12 March 2016 (4 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) Location Latakia Governorate, Syria Status Decisive Syrian Army and allies victory Territorial changes Government forces capture over 750 square kilometers of territory in northeastern Latakia, which represents 64% of rebel territory in the province[2] Government forces capture 50 villages,[3] including the rebel strongholds of Salma,[4][5] Rabia[6] and Kinsabba Government forces capture most of the Turkmen Mountain[7][8][9] and Jabal al-Akrad
Belligerents
Syrian Arab Republic Syrian Armed Forces Syrian Social Nationalist Party[10] Syrian Resistance[10] Hezbollah LAAG[11] Lions of Hussein Brigade[11] Russia (air strikes): Russian Air Force Military advisors[12]	Free Syrian Army Islamic Front Al-Nusra Front Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria (TIP) Supported by:  Turkey
Commanders and leaders
Abu Fatima al-Musawi[13] (LAAG commander) Hussein Tawfiq al-Assad[14] (Lions of Hussein Brigade leader)	Cpt. Basil Zamo †[15] (1st Coastal Division leader) ‘Ali Durayi †[16] (Jabal al-Akrad Ahrar ash-Sham commander) Abu Omar al-Turkistani[17] (al-Nusra and TIP senior commander) Abdel-Aziz Al-Dibaykhi †[18] (Jabal al-Akrad al-Nusra commander)
Units involved
Syrian Armed Forces Syrian Army Republican Guard 103rd Brigade[19] Syrian Marines[20] Desert Hawks Brigade[21] Military Intelligence Directorate Military Security Shield Forces[11] National Defence Forces Syrian Air Force	Free Syrian Army: 1st Coastal Division 1st Coastal Brigade[20] 2nd Coastal Division Islamic Front: Ahrar ash-Sham Ansar al-Sham[22] Ajnad al-Kavkaz[23]
Casualties and losses
112 soldiers killed (12–25 Jan. & 26 Feb. 2016)[24][25] 3 soldiers killed[26] 1 Su-24M bomber shot down[27] 1 Mi-8AMTsh helicopter destroyed[28]	302+ killed (124 foreigners)[10][15][24][29][30][31][32][25][33]

The 2015–16 Latakia offensive was a campaign of the Syrian Civil War that was launched by government forces in October 2015 to recapture rebel-held territory in the Latakia Governorate bordering Turkey.^[34]

The offensive

Initial government advances

On 15 October, government forces launched a large-scale offensive in the northern Latakia countryside.^[1] On 19 October, the SAA captured Point 1112, Point 482, Tal Thamamiyah, Kawa Al-Hatab, and Tal Thalatha in the Al-Zahiyah Mountains in northern Latakia after advancing north from the hilltop of Tal Ziwayk.^[35] The next day, Russian air strikes killed Basil Zamo, the commander of the rebel 1st Coastal Division, along with four other fighters according to one report. Other reports put the death toll from the attack at 45, including at least 15 civilians.^[15]

On 30 October, rebels recaptured areas at Kafar Delbah,^[36] but pro-government forces denied this.^[37]

Between 1 and 3 November, heavy clashes for the village of Ghammam in the Mountains of northern Latakia took place. The village was captured four times, with the rebels finally ending up controlling it again. 13 soldiers and an unknown number of rebels were killed.^{[38][39][40][41]} Two days later, government forces captured three villages in the area^[42] and on 6 November took control of Ghamam and Jabal Bakdash hill overlooking it.^[43][44]

On 9 and 10 November, the rebels were reported to had recaptured some points in the area of Ghamam.^[45][46] However, this was denied by military sources.^[47]

Between 13 and 23 November, government troops seized 200 square kilometers of territory.^[48] On 25 November, they captured three hills (including Tal Al-Yakdash hill) in the mountains of Latakia, advanced around Ghamam and captured the villages of Dayr Hanna, al-Dughmishlyia and Beit ‘Ayyash.^{[49][50][51][52][53][54]}

Between 18 and 23 November, government forces captured 10 hills (including six in the Jeb al-Ahmar area),^{[55][56][57][58]} three villages^[59][60][61] and imposed full control over the Al-Zahi Mountains.^[61]

On 24 November, rebels retook the Al-Zahi Mountains^[62] and Tal al-Etyra,^[63] while government forces captured a village and hilltop on Jabal Sheikh Mohammad.^[64] The following day, government forces advanced in the areas of the Al-Zahi Mountains and Ateera, and recaptured Al-Zahi.^[65]

Turkish shootdown of Russian plane

On 24 November, Turkish F-16's downed a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 near the Syrian-Turkish border. A Russian pilot was killed, while another Russian soldier died in the rescue operation that took place in the northern Latakia mountain area.^[27] A Russian rescue helicopter was also destroyed by a TOW crew. The crew remained unharmed.^[28] Later that day, the second pilot reached the military airport of Latakia after he was rescued by special forces.^[66]

Jabal Turkman was subjected to intense bombardment by the Russians after the shootdown of its bomber jet by the Turkish Air Force.^[67][68]

On 27 November, the al-Qaeda-linked al-Nusra Front and the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria fought against Syrian government and Hezbollah forces around Jabal Nuba,^[69] as the Syrian army bombarded them with artillery and Russian warplanes bombed Jabal al-Akrad.^[70] The Syrian Army's intense artillery bombardment with hundreds of rockets killed 15 fighters of the Turkistan Islamic Party along with its military leader in Jabal Turkman. Turkistan Islamic Party reported over 30 killed in clashes with government forces during the week.^[29][71][72] On the same day, government forces captured two more hills and secured Jabal Al-Nuba mountain.^[73]

Continued government advances

On 1 December, government forces captured three villages^[74] and the Jabal Al-Kashkar Mountains.^[75] With these advances, the Army was in full control of the al-Jeb al-Ahmar area.^[34][76]

Between 3 and 15 December, government forces captured up to 20 villages and hills.^{[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]} During this time, Islamist rebels also retook several checkpoints around Jabal al-Nawabah.^[84] Two rebel commanders were killed by Russian airstrikes in Latakia Northern countryside.^[88]

On 16 December, government forces captured the strategic Al-Nuba Mountains (Jabal Al-Nuba) in the northern countryside of Latakia.^[89] On the same day, they also seized two hilltops which are located on the border of the Idlib governorate.^[90]

Between 17 and 20 December, government forces captured another 10 villages and points along the Turkish border,^{[91][92][93][94]} while the rebels retook the Jabal Al-Sayed Mountains and partly retook the Jabal Al-Nuba mountain.^[95]

On 23 and 24 December, government forces supported by Russian air-strikes, reportedly recaptured the Jabal Al-Nuba mountain^[19] and the Jabal Al-Sayed Mountains.^[96][97]

Between 25 December and 10 January, government forces imposed full control over two dozen more villages and hills,^{[98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110]} including the Katf Al-Alamah area.^[111] Of these, the rebels managed to recapture only two villages.^[112]

Capture of Salma and Rabia

On the morning of 12 January, government forces imposed full control over the strategic village of Tartiyah, situated to the east of the rebel stronghold of Salma, considered to be the rebel's most important site in the Kurdish Mountains (Jabal Al-Akrad) in the northern countryside of Latakia.^[113][114] Later that day, the military fully seized Salma.^[4][5][115]

The following day, the military expanded its control from Salma, capturing Mrouniyah and Marj Khawkha.^[116] By 15 January, they took control of another six villages as rebel defenses collapsed.^{[117][118][119]}

On 16 January 2016, government forces captured several hills overlooking al-Sarraf,^[120] as well as another six villages.^{[121][122][123]}

On the next day, the military seized two mountaintops near the strategic town of Rabia^[124][125] and six villages throughout Jabal Al-Akrad and the Turkmen Mountain.^{[126][127][128][129]}

On 20 January, government advances continued with the seizure of another two villages.^[130] However, a rebel counter-attack between 18 and 20 January, led to their recapture of four villages and a hill. Still, their hold on these recaptured positions was weak due to government troops still occupying the strategic heights.^{[131][132][133]}

On 21 January, a renewed Army assault commenced^[134] and by 24 January, they captured 20 villages, surrounding the strategic town of Rabia on three sides. Rabia itself was seized that day.^[6]

In all, between 12 and 25 January, Russian and Syrian warplanes conducted more than 522 airstrikes, while government ground forces fired more than 3,000 rocket shells and missiles, which led to them taking control of 36 towns and villages, the most important of all being Salma and Rabia, which were the main rebel strongholds in Jabal al-Akrad and Jabal al-Turkman. 72 Syrian soldiers and 124 foreign rebel fighters were killed during these two weeks of operations.^[24]

SAA push towards Kinsabba

Syrian Marines in Bashura on 7 February 2016

Between 27 and 31 January, government forces captured seven villages, Ruweisat Al-Nimr hill and Jabal Al-Mulqa mountain.^{[135][136][137][138][139][140]}

On 1 February, the rebels recaptured Nawarah (Kelez), near the Turkish border, after government forces had completely withdrawn from the village and its surrounding hills. Meanwhile, east of Jabal al-Turkman (Turkmen Mountains), government forces continued to advance north towards the rebel stronghold of Kinsabba.^[141]

On 3 February, a Russian military advisor training Syrian soldiers in the use of "new weapons" was killed by rebel mortar shelling in Salma. Three other Russian soldiers were wounded.^[12]

Between 6 and 7 February, government troops captured the village of Aliyah (Krouja) and its hill.^[142][143] In the same day, the 103rd Brigade of the Republican Guard and other Syrian paramilitaries crossed a river capturing the village of Bashura.^[144] The attack was heavily assisted by Russian airstrikes which targeted Al-Nusra Front and FSA 1st Coastal Brigade defenses.^[144] On 8 February, they further advanced and seized four villages, including two in the area of Kinsabba.^[145][146]

On 9 February, the Saudi national and senior Al-Nusra Front commander of the Kurdish Mountains, Abdel-Aziz Al-Dibaykhi (nom de guerre "Abu Hamza") was killed by the Republican Guard's 103rd Brigade.^[18] 16 Al-Nusra Front fighters were killed by Russian air-strikes as the military regained several positions they had previously lost.^[31] Two days later, the rebels recaptured two villages, including Krouja, following fighting that left 12 soldiers dead.^[147] On 13 February, the military regained several positions they had lost, including a village.^[148]

On 14 February, the Army seized three villages,^[149][150] and the following day another seven sites as they pressed towards Kinsabba.^[151] With the capture of two more villages on 16 February, the military reached Kinsabba and preparations were started for a final assault on the town.^[152] Due to the re-allocation of most of the rebel forces from Tal Ghazaleh hill, that overlooks the Turkish border, to reinforce the defense of Kinsabba, government forces used the opportunity, assaulted the hill and captured it.^[153] The attack on Kinsabba started on 17 February,^[154] quickly capturing three villages on its western flank and leaving one road open for the rebels to retreat.^[20] Kinsabba was secured the following morning. Following this advance, the next aim of the Army was the village of Kabani, one of the highest points in Jabal al-Akrad, that overlooks the Al-Ghaab Plains, and from where the rebels still had the ability to shell places like Qardaha.^{[32][155][156]}

Final operations

Between 20 and 23 February, the Army continued its advances and captured eight villages and a hill north of Kinsabba.^{[157][158][159]} On 26 February, government troops took control of Ayn Al-Bayda, on the provincial border between Latakia and Idlib,^[160] and on the following day, they seized the village of Saraf and Tal Nawarat hill, that overlooks a Nusra-held border crossing with Turkey.^[161][162]

On 2 March, the military launched an assault on Kabani^[163] and its hill.^[164] Elsewhere, they reportedly captured three villages and a hill.^[165] Ten days later, the strategic height of Kabani hill (Hill 1154) was taken by government forces.^[166] During this time, the Army also seized the Zuweiqat mountaintop overlooking Kabani.^[167] Still, opposition activists reported on 9 March that the rebels had recaptured Zuweiqat.^[168]

Aftermath

Al-Nusra-led rebels launched an assault in mid-April 2016, capturing parts of Jabal al-Qalat (Qalat Mountain) and al-Bayda village.^[169][170] The Syrian Army mounted a counter-attack within days and re-captured all positions they had lost, continuing with the assault on the heights around Kabani again.^{[171][172][173]} In the course of the fighting, a prominent al-Nusra Front commander was killed: Abu Shakkar, nicknamed "The Cannibal" because he ate the heart of a Syrian soldier.^[174]

Between 14 and 29 April, government forces made 10 unsuccessful attempts at capturing two strategic hills on the outskirts of Kabani.^[175][176] As of 30 April, there were contradictory reports who controlled height 1154^[177] as a 3-day ceasefire came into effect.^[178][179]

On 30 May, the Army captured the Tall Haddadeh hilltop, which overlooks the Turkish border and remaining rebel-held villages in northern Latakia.^[180]

At the end of June, the al-Nusra-led Army of Conquest, supported by FSA groups, launched a counter-offensive on the Turkman and Kurd Mountains, capturing several villages before they withdrew under Russian airstrikes.^{[181][182][183][184]} 33 rebels and 15 soldiers were killed in the fighting.^{[185][184][186][187]} Still, a second rebel assault a few days later managed to capture Kinsabba,^[188][189] as well as a dozen nearby villages and hills.^[190] On 8 August, the Syrian Army regained Kinsabba and its surrounding villages and hills during a counter-offensive.^[191]

Strategic Analysis

According to analysis by pro-opposition Al Jazeera, the objective of the Latakia offensive was to consolidate a potential Alawi dominated state (supported by Russia) that would extend from the Coast to Damascus, passing by Hama and Homs. This would entail forcing the population to leave the North of Latakia so that they would be replaced by government supporters. According to the same source, the offensive aims also at embarrassing and pressuring the Turkish government since most of the population in North Latakia are from Turkmen origin. The source attributes the advance by government troops to the powerful missiles used by the Russian airforce and to the lack of support from rebels in Idlib and Hama governorates.^[192]

On the other hand, the Syrian government claims to be aiming to reconquer the whole of Syria. In this case, after recovering all of Latakia, the next logical step might be to move into neighboring Idlib and recover what was lost to the opposition earlier in the year.^[193]

See also

• 2016 Latakia offensive

References

Syrian Civil War
Part of the Arab Spring
Background Timeline Background 1963 coup d'état 1966 coup d'état 1970 "Corrective Revolution" 1979–82 Islamic uprising 1999 Latakia protests 2000–01 Damascus Spring 2004 Qamishli riots Syrian occupation of Lebanon 2005 Damascus Declaration Human rights in Syria 2011 (Jan–Apr • May–Aug • Sep–Dec) Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb Siege of Daraa Siege of Baniyas Talkalakh siege Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh Jisr ash-Shugur operation Siege of Hama Siege of Homs Jabal al-Zawiya operation Siege of Latakia Deir ez-Zor Clashes Rif Dimashq clashes Battle of Zabadani Battle of Douma Daraa Governorate clashes First Battle of Rastan Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush Idlib Governorate clashes Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 2012 (Jan–Apr • May–Aug • Sep–Dec) al-Midan bombing Second Battle of Rastan First Idlib operation First Battle of Idlib First Battle of al-Qusayr Second Idlib operation Battle of Taftanaz Third Battle of Rastan Houla massacre Battle of al-Haffah Al-Qubeir massacre Battle of Tremseh Battle of Damascus Damascus bombing Battle of Aleppo Battle of Anadan Siege of Base 46 Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–13) First Rif Dimashq offensive Darayya massacre Battle of Khirbet al-Joz Battle of Maarrat al-Nu'man First Siege of Wadi Deif Battle of Harem Second Rif Dimashq offensive Battle of Darayya Aqrab massacre First Hama offensive Halfaya massacre Battle of Darayya Quneitra Governorate clashes Talbiseh bakery massacre 2013 (Jan–Apr • May–Dec) Battle of Safira Battle of Shadadeh Damascus offensive Raqqa campaign (2012–13) (Battle of Raqqa (2013)) Daraa offensive Third Rif Dimashq offensive Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl Ghouta chemical attack Al-Qusayr offensive Second Battle of al-Qusayr Bayda and Baniyas massacres Second Hama offensive Hatla massacre Khan al-Assal chemical attack Khan al-Assal massacre Adra massacre Battle of Ras al-Ayn Battle of Tell Abyad Fourth Rif Dimashq offensive Aleppo offensive 2014 (Jan–Jul • Aug–Dec) First Inter-Rebel Conflict Battle of Markada First Deir ez-Zor Offensive Battle of Mork 2nd Daraa Offensive Maan massacre Al-Otaiba ambush 4th Idlib Offensive Battle of Hosn 2nd Latakia Offensive Battle of Al-Malihah Kafr Zita chemical attack Second Siege of Wadi Deif 2nd Qalamoun Offensive Battle of Arsal First Battle of the Shaer gas field Eastern Syria Offensive Battle for Tabqa Air base Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014) 3rd Hama Offensive Quneitra Offensive 6th Rif Dimashq offensive Siege of Kobanî 3rd Daraa offensive 2nd Al-Safira offensive Idlib Raid Second Inter-Rebel Conflict Second Battle of the Shaer gas field Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive 2015 (Jan–Jul • Aug–Dec) An-26 crash 4th Daraa Offensive Southern Syria Offensive Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 1st Battle of Sarrin 2nd Battle of Sarrin Battle of Bosra 5th Idlib Offensive Second Battle of Idlib Battle of Nasib Border Crossing 2nd Battle of Yarmouk Camp Western al-Hasakah offensive Palmyra offensive (May 2015) 2015 Qamishli bombings Tell Abyad offensive Kobanî massacre Quneitra offensive Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015) 7th Rif Dimashq offensive Northwestern Syria offensive 2015 Aleppo offensive 2015 Al-Hawl offensive Homs offensive (November–December 2015) East Aleppo offensive (2015–16) Latakia offensive (2015–2016) Tishrin Dam offensive 2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 2016 (Jan–Apr • May–Aug • Sep–Dec) Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive Sayyidah Zaynab bombings Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016) Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016) Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016) February Homs bombings February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 2016 Khanasir offensive Battle of Tel Abyad Battle of Qamishli (April 2016) Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016) Palmyra offensive (March 2016) East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016) 8th Rif Dimashq offensive Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016) May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016) 9th Rif Dimashq offensive Manbij offensive Tokhar 2016 Southern Aleppo campaign Battle of al-Rai (August 2016) 2016 Aleppo summer campaign Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016) 5 September 2016 Syria bombings September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid September 2016 Urum al-Kubra Aid Convoy attack September Aleppo offensive 2016 Dabiq offensive Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016) Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016) Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016) Raqqa campaign (2016–present) Battle of Raqqa (2017) Battle of al-Bab Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016) Palmyra offensive (December 2016) 2017 (Jan–Apr • May–present) Wadi Barada offensive (2016–17) January 2017 Azaz bombing Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017) Idlib Governorate clashes (2017) Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017) Daraa offensive (February–June 2017) ISIL Daraa offensive (February 2017) Qaboun offensive (2017) Palmyra offensive (2017) East Aleppo offensive (January–April 2017) March 2017 Damascus bombings 2017 al-Jinah airstrike 2017 Hama offensive Battle of Tabqa (2017) Khan Shaykhun chemical attack 2017 Shayrat missile strike 2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017) Syrian Desert campaign (May 2017–present) Maskanah Plains offensive East Hama offensive 9th Daraa Southern Raqqa offensive (June 2017) 2017 Jobar offensive Quneitra offensive (June 2017) Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017) Central Syria campaign (July 2017–present) 3nd Qalamoun Spillover Spillover into Lebanon Lebanese–Syrian border clashes Battle of Sidon Iranian Embassy Bombing Northern Lebanon Clashes 3nd Qalamoun Syrian-Turkish border clashes December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash Turkish aircraft shootdown October 2012 Syrian-Turkish border clashes Reyhanlı bombings January 2014 Turkish airstrike in Syria Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents March 2017 incident Jordanian-Syrian border clashes April 2014 Jordanian–Syrian border airstrike Spillover into Iraq Akashat ambush Operation al-Shabah April 2014 Iraqi–Syrian border airstrike Assassination of Andrei Karlov Turkish military intervention in Syria 2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike
Involved parties Syria Ba'ath Government Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region Syrian Social Nationalist Party Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Communist Party Military & Militias Syrian Armed Forces Syrian Resistance PFLP-GC Jerusalem Brigade Palestine Liberation Army Smaller groups Support for the government Hezbollah involvement Iranian involvement Liwa Fatemiyoun Russia's involvement medical facility targeting military intervention Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) Syrian opposition, Al-Qaeda affiliates and allies NCSR Government National Coalition Local Co-ordination Committees Syrian National Council Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change Syrian Revolution General Commission Syrian Support Group Adopt a Revolution Syrian Patriotic Group Opposition militias Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army Hawar Kilis Operations Room Ahrar al-Sham Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement Abu Amara Battalions Covert Special Tasks Force Jaysh al-Izza Elite Army 2nd Army Jaysh al-Nasr Martyrs of Islam Brigade National Liberation Movement Central Division 1st Coastal Division Free Idlib Army 23rd Division Jaysh al-Islam al-Rahman Legion 1st Brigade of Damascus Southern Front Army of Free Tribes Criterion Brigades National Front for the Liberation of Syria Jabhat Ansar al-Islam Saraya Ahl al-Sham Authenticity and Development Front Al-Qaratayn Martyrs Brigade[1] Badia Forces[2][3] Revolutionary Commando Army[4] Elite Division Smaller groups al-Qaeda affiliates and allies Tahrir al-Sham Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria Caucasus Emirate Ajnad al-Kavkaz Junud al Makhdi Malhama Tactical Ansar al-Islam splinter faction Smaller groups Allied groups (to the Opposition militias) Muslim Brotherhood of Syria Grey Wolves Smaller groups Support for the Opposition American-led intervention American rescue mission Jordanian intervention Qatari support Saudi Arabia Turkey Rojava (SDF) Rojava government Democratic Union Party Kurdish National Council Smaller political parties SDF groups People's Protection Units Women's Protection Units Anti-Terror Units Al-Sanadid Forces Army of Revolutionaries Elite Forces SDF Military Councils Syriac Military Council (Bethnahrain Women's Protection Forces Jabhat Thuwar al-Raqqa Raqqa Hawks Brigade Northern Democratic Brigade Free Officers Union Liberation Brigade faction Shahba Forces Liwa Owais al-Qorani remnants Martyr Amara Arab Women's Battalion Battalion of Karachok Martyrs Khabour Guards Nattoreh Smaller groups Allied groups Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Kurdistan Workers' Party International Freedom Battalion International Anti-Fascist Battalion Sinjar Resistance Units Êzîdxan Women's Units Smaller groups ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant Military of ISIL Dokumacılar Khalid ibn al-Walid Army Liwa al-Aqsa Group of the One and Only Liwa Dawud
People Ammar Abdulhamid Ali al-Abdallah Adnan al-Aroor al-Assad family Bashar Maher Rifaat Rami Makhlouf Hafez Makhlouf Riad al-Asaad Anwar al-Bunni Fahd Jassem al-Freij Haitham al-Maleh Moaz al-Khatib Kamal al-Labwani Hamza al-Khateeb Tal al-Mallohi Fida al-Sayed Riad al-Turk Khaled Khoja Ammar al-Qurabi Suheir Atassi Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni Aref Dalila Farid Ghadry Burhan Ghalioun Razan Ghazzawi Ghassan Hitto Salim Idris Randa Kassis Abdul Halim Khaddam Michel Kilo Bassma Kodmani Ali Habib Mahmud Ali Mahmoud Othman Ibrahim Qashoush Dawoud Rajiha Yassin al-Haj Saleh Bouthaina Shaaban Adib Shishakly Abdulbaset Sieda Riad Seif Fadwa Soliman Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid Yaser Tabbara Razan Zaitouneh Rami Jarrah Abdurrahman Mustafa
Issues Peace process Related topics Elections Issues Casualties Chemical weapons Cities and towns Damaged heritage sites Foreign involvement Human rights violations Humanitarian aid International reactions International demonstrations and protests Massacres Refugees (European migrant crisis) Sectarianism and minorities Spillover into Lebanon Syrian reactions Peace process Arab League monitors Friends of Syria Group Kofi Annan peace plan UN Supervision Mission Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria 39th G8 summit UN Security Council Resolution 2118 Geneva II Conference 2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 2015 Vienna talks 2016 Geneva talks Related topics 2014 Syrian detainee report Exclusive mandate Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference International recognition of the Syrian National Council Syria Files Syrian media coverage The Return to Homs Silvered Water, Syria Self-Portrait Sunnistan Syrian presidential election, 2014 Elections and referendums held during the civil war Syrian local elections, 2011 Syrian constitutional referendum, 2012 Syrian presidential election, 2014 Rojava local elections, 2015 Syrian parliamentary election, 2016
References ↑ "FSA Launches a New Battle against IS Group in the Desert of #Syrian". en.eldorar.com.  ↑ "Syrian Rebellion Obs on Twitter".  ↑ "Syrian Rebellion Obs on Twitter".  ↑ Shaam.org. ""جيش سوريا الجديد " بحلة جديدة .. “مغاوير الثورة” تشكيل بدعم أمريكي لمحاربة تنظيم الدولة في حمص".
Category