2010 Garmin–Transitions season

2010 Garmin–Transitions season
Manager Jonathan Vaughters
One-day victories 5
Stage race overall victories 3
Stage race stage victories 15
Previous season • Next season

The 2010 season for Garmin–Transitions began in January with the Tour Down Under and ended in October at the Japan Cup. As a UCI ProTour team, they were automatically invited and obliged to attend every event in the ProTour. The team's manager is former cyclist Jonathan Vaughters, who has led the team since its inception in 2003.

The most noteworthy rider movement from 2009 is actually a departure – the team loses Bradley Wiggins, fourth-place finisher in the 2009 Tour de France, to the new Team Sky.[1] Time trial specialist Tom Zirbel was originally signed for the 2010 season, but was subsequently left off the roster due to a mid-November positive test for dehydroepiandrosterone. With the team enforcing a strict zero-tolerance policy on doping positives, Zirbel was dismissed.[2]

2010 roster

Ages as of January 1, 2010.

Rider Date of birth
 Jack Bobridge (AUS) (1989-07-13)July 13, 1989 (aged 20)
 Blake Caldwell (USA) (1984-03-27)March 27, 1984 (aged 25)
 Kirk Carlsen (USA) (1987-05-25)May 25, 1987 (aged 22)
 Steven Cozza (USA) (1985-03-03)March 3, 1985 (aged 24)
 Tom Danielson (USA) (1978-03-13)March 13, 1978 (aged 31)
 Julian Dean (NZL) (1975-01-28)January 28, 1975 (aged 34)
 Timmy Duggan (USA) (1982-11-14)November 14, 1982 (aged 27)
 Tyler Farrar (USA) (1984-06-02)June 2, 1984 (aged 25)
 Murilo Fischer (BRA) (1979-06-17)June 17, 1979 (aged 30)
 Ryder Hesjedal (CAN) (1980-12-09)December 9, 1980 (aged 29)
 Robert Hunter (RSA) (1977-04-22)April 22, 1977 (aged 32)
 Fredrik Kessiakoff (SWE) (1980-05-17)May 17, 1980 (aged 29)
 Michel Kreder (NED) (1987-08-15)August 15, 1987 (aged 22)
 Trent Lowe (AUS) (1984-10-08)October 8, 1984 (aged 25)
Rider Date of birth
 Martijn Maaskant (NED) (1983-07-27)July 27, 1983 (aged 26)
 Dan Martin (IRE) (1986-08-20)August 20, 1986 (aged 23)
 Christian Meier (CAN) (1985-02-21)February 21, 1985 (aged 24)
 Cameron Meyer (AUS) (1988-01-11)January 11, 1988 (aged 21)
 Travis Meyer (AUS) (1989-06-08)June 8, 1989 (aged 20)
 David Millar (GBR) (1977-01-04)January 4, 1977 (aged 32)
 Thomas Peterson (USA) (1986-12-24)December 24, 1986 (aged 23)
 Peter Stetina (USA) (1987-08-08)August 8, 1987 (aged 22)
 Svein Tuft (CAN) (1977-05-09)May 9, 1977 (aged 32)
 Ricardo van der Velde (NED) (1987-02-19)February 19, 1987 (aged 22)
 Christian Vande Velde (USA) (1976-05-22)May 22, 1976 (aged 33)
 Johan Vansummeren (BEL) (1981-02-04)February 4, 1981 (aged 28)
 Matt Wilson (AUS) (1977-10-01)October 1, 1977 (aged 32)
 David Zabriskie (USA) (1979-01-12)January 12, 1979 (aged 30)

Stage races

The team's first wins of the season came in the Vuelta a Murcia, with sprinter Hunter. He won mass sprint finishes to the first two stages,[3][4] but abandoned the race before stage 3 to attend the birth of his second child.[5]

Grand Tours

Giro d'Italia

Garmin-Transitions entered the Giro with a squad led by Farrar and Vandevelde. Vandevelde was often mentioned as an outside contender for overall success in the race.[6][7][8] They had a stated goal of trying for stage wins and holding, if not ultimately winning, the pink jersey.[9]

The squad performed well in the Giro's opening stages in the Netherlands. Millar was seventh in the stage 1 time trial, six seconds off the winning pace of Bradley Wiggins.[10] In stage 2, Farrar was one of a great many riders to crash. He fell 55 km (34 mi) from the finish line and appeared to be out of contention for the stage victory, as the peloton rode away from him. Bobridge and Meyer stayed with Farar to pace him back into the leading group, and he made it. Farrar also made a split in the field brought about by a massive crash with 7.2 km (4.5 mi) left to race. Garmin's was the only sprint train left mostly intact by all the crashes, and Dean was Farrar's last leadout man en route to the stage win.[11] The time bonus the win afforded also put Farrar a single second away from the pink jersey for the overall leader, and the team had designs on winning the stage 4 team time trial to put Farrar in the jersey.

However, the team's fortunes were not the same in stage 3 as they had been the day before. Just as he had in stage 3 of the 2009 Giro d'Italia, Vandevelde crashed and retired from the race. Farrar also had a bad day, finishing with the second group on the road and dropping well away from any chance of holding the pink jersey.[12] Millar, however, ended the day in fifth in the overall standings, six seconds behind race leader Alexander Vinokourov, giving the squad a chance to hold the pink jersey after all. If he took the jersey, Millar would become the first British rider ever to be race leader for all three Grand Tours in his career.[13] The squad also wanted to dedicate their prospective victory in the team race to the fallen Vandevelde, but the American's presence proved sorely missed. They managed just eighth on the day, 49 seconds back of stage winners Liquigas–Doimo.[14] Farrar was perhaps the rider most adversely affected by the events of stage 5. While he led the peloton across the finish line at the head of a field sprint, this sprint was only for fourth place, as the peloton had mistimed the catch of a three-man breakaway and lost out on a chance for a stage win themselves.[15]

The squad then lay low until stage 9, another stage that was likely to end in a sprint finish. Farrar made a late split in the field to contest a depleted bunch finish, but no other Garmin riders did. This meant Farrar had to contest the sprint without any sort of leadout, and managed third behind Matthew Goss and Filippo Pozzato. Third, however, was good enough to give Farrar the red jersey as points classification leader.[16] In stage 10, another flat stage, Dean rode a very effective leadout in the stage's final kilometer, splitting the field and giving Farrar the perfect acceleration en route to victory. Farrar was the Giro's only double stage winner.[17] Stage 11 was a major one. Over 50 riders formed a leading group ahead of the race's overall favorites, with the stage winner coming across the finish line nearly 13 minutes ahead of them. While Garmin had Martin and Millar in this group, they were not present to contest the stage win. More notably, Farrar finished the stage over 46 minutes behind the stage winner, in a large group with most of the Giro's remaining sprinters. The time gap meant they stood the risk of being disqualified from the Giro. Race officials did not eliminate the group, but instead assessed each of them a 25-point penalty in the points classification. Farrar still led the classification and held the red jersey, but his lead was narrowed considerably, to the point that he was certain he could not win the jersey at the conclusion of the Giro.[18] Farrar, who had plans to ride all three Grand Tours as well as the world championships, left the race two days later, but made a specific point not to do so while he still held the red jersey.

The squad was quiet in the second half of the Giro. Only Dean, Fischer, Martin, and Meyer completed the race. Stage 18 was the only mass sprint finish in the Giro's third week. With the Team HTC–Columbia leadout train working at its best, their leader André Greipel took the victory ahead of Dean in second.[19] In the individual time trial which closed out the Giro, Australian national champion Meyer was eighth. The squad finished last of the 22 teams in the Trofeo Fast Team standings, and tenth in the Trofeo Super Team.[20]

Tour de France

Garmin-Transitions came to the Tour de France with a versatile squad, led by Farrar aiming for stage wins and possibly the green jersey, while Vandevelde was also present as a General Classification hopeful.[21] Despite not being particularly known as a specialist in the race against the clock, Farrar was seventh-best in the opening prologue time trial. He clocked in 28 seconds off Fabian Cancellara's winning time and better than riders such as Michael Rogers and Bradley Wiggins who are known much more strongly as time trial specialists.[22] The first road race stage the next day was flat and favored a sprinter like Farrar. He was, however, caught up behind the numerous crashes that took place near the finish line and finished near the back of the peloton, in 140th place. He later harshly criticized Ag2r–La Mondiale rider Lloyd Mondory for obstructing him.[23]

A man of about 30 wearing a gold, blue, and white argyle print cycling jersey, with his right hand in the air waving.
Canadian Ryder Hesjedal finished seventh in the Tour de France – the first time he had finished higher than 45th in a Grand Tour.

The crashes continued in stage 2. A slippery descent of the Col du Stockeu in Spa led to dozens of riders from nearly every team crashing. Garmin-Transitions was perhaps the team most affected – Dean, Farrar, Vandevelde, Hunter, and Millar all crashed, with Millar reportedly crashing three separate times and Vandevelde twice. Dean, Farrar, and Vandevelde were all taken to the hospital for checkups, and Vandevelde was forced to abandon the race after X-rays revealed that he had broken ribs. Dean and Farrar both started the next day, but did so at well below full strength.[24][25] In stage 3, which was expected to be difficult and crash-ridden since its course included several cobbled sectors. Hesjedal made the day's major breakaway, and rode away from them as the cobbles began. A five-rider chase group, led by Cancellara, caught him in the sectors just before the finish line. He did, however, manage to stay with this group, placing fourth on the day. The result moved him up to fourth overall, and he earned the day's combativity award.[26] The next day's stage was flat, and considered perhaps the easiest stage of this Tour. Dean and Hunter, who were meant to Farrar's leadout men, took second and fifth respectively on the stage. Farrar was 23rd, as he was still feeling the effects of his crash in stage 2 and could not sprint at full strength.[27] Stage 5 was also flat with a sprint finish. Farrar was again distant at the finish, though he improved to tenth.[28] In another flat stage the next day, Farrar's form had improved further as he finished second, just behind Mark Cavendish. Hunter was also among the top riders for this stage, finishing ninth.[29]

The seventh stage was the first in the mountains. While Sylvain Chavanel broke away for the stage win and race leadership, Hesjedal finished the stage near the front of the 40-rider strong group that contained most of the race's overall favorites, and moved up to third overall.[30] He lost a minute and 14 seconds to the race's elite riders the next day, finishing 14th in the first true mountain stage. Hesjedal was in fifth place on the race's first rest day,[31] but he fell even further after stage 9 and the Col de la Madeleine. The Canadian lost three minutes to the majority of the race's top riders, who themselves lost two minutes to Andy Schleck and Alberto Contador, and fell to 12th.[32]

Back to the flats in stage 11, Farrar finished third behind Cavendish and Alessandro Petacchi. The stage was notable for events which took place during that sprint. Farrar's leadout man Dean and Cavendish's leadout man Mark Renshaw clashed for position at the head of the peloton in the stage's final meters. As Dean led Farrar up the middle of the road with Renshaw to his left, the Aussie responded by head-butting him. Renshaw later stated that he was trying to keep Dean from maneuvering him into the roadside barricades, with safety as much a concern as victory, and Dean's line did deviate slightly as he rode. Amid the chaos, the three principal sprinters jumped for an unusually long final kick to the line, starting 400 m (1,300 ft) out. Race officials later expelled Renshaw from the Tour for the headbutting. Dean was not punished for the incident, though the possibility for penalty existed – Cavendish himself was assessed a penalty in the 2009 Tour de France for similar irregular sprinting.[33] The next day, Farrar left the race, revealing that he had sustained a broken wrist when he crashed in Belgium and rode the next nine days in severe pain.[34] Hunter had also abandoned, the day before.[35]

Hesjedal found his form again in stage 15, a difficult mountain stage which crossed the Port de Balès. He was 16th on the stage, four minutes back of the solo winner and one minute back of new race leader Contador, but he gained time against riders like Joaquim Rodríguez, Chris Horner, and Ivan Basso, who had been ahead of him. This result put him back in the top ten overall.[36] He further showed well in the race's queen stage, ending at the Col du Tourmalet. He finished fourth on the day, again ceding time to Contador but gaining time against almost everyone else, moving from tenth to eighth.[37] The team had just one sprinter left of three for the flat stage 18. Cavendish won the stage handily, having a five bike length advantage over Dean in second.[38] In the stage 19 time trial, Zabriskie was fifth. Partially due to a drastic change in wind direction as the day went on, stage winner Cancellara and the second placed Tony Martin had much better times than anyone else. Zabriskie's fifth place was three minutes off Cancellara's time, a gap of unusual size for a time trial among top level professionals. Hesjedal was 52nd on the day, but since Rodríguez was 154th and over ten minutes off Cancellara's time, Hesjedal moved up to seventh.[39] In the Tour's largely ceremonial final stage on the Champs-Élysées, Dean placed third in the field sprint finish. While they made several headlines in the race, the team did not actually win anything and were 16th of 22 teams in the teams classification. Hesjedal's final placing was seventh, ten minutes and 15 seconds off the winning time of Tour champion Contador.[40]

Season victories

Date Race Competition Rider Country Location
March 3 Vuelta a Murcia, Stage 1 UCI Europe Tour  Hunter, RobertRobert Hunter (RSA)  Spain San Pedro del Pinatar
March 4 Vuelta a Murcia, Stage 2 UCI Europe Tour  Hunter, RobertRobert Hunter (RSA)  Spain Caravaca de la Cruz
March 28 Critérium International, Stage 3 UCI Europe Tour  Millar, DavidDavid Millar (GBR)  France Porto-Vecchio
April 1 Three Days of De Panne, Stage 3A UCI Europe Tour  Farrar, TylerTyler Farrar (USA)  Belgium De Panne
April 1 Three Days of De Panne, Stage 3B UCI Europe Tour  Millar, DavidDavid Millar (GBR)  Belgium De Panne
April 1 Three Days of De Panne, Overall UCI Europe Tour  Millar, DavidDavid Millar (GBR)  Belgium
April 7 Scheldeprijs UCI Europe Tour  Farrar, TylerTyler Farrar (USA)  Belgium Schoten
April 10 Tour of the Basque Country, Sprints classification UCI ProTour  Meier, ChristianChristian Meier (CAN)  Spain
May 9 Giro d'Italia, Stage 2 UCI World Ranking  Farrar, TylerTyler Farrar (USA)  Netherlands Utrecht
May 18 Giro d'Italia, Stage 10 UCI World Ranking  Farrar, TylerTyler Farrar (USA)  Italy Bitonto
May 18 Tour of California, Stage 3 UCI America Tour  Zabriskie, DavidDavid Zabriskie (USA)  United States Santa Cruz
May 23 Tour of California, Stage 8 UCI America Tour  Hesjedal, RyderRyder Hesjedal (CAN)  United States Thousand Oaks
May 23 Tour of California, Teams classification UCI America Tour [N 1]  United States
June 13 Delta Tour Zeeland, Overall UCI Europe Tour  Farrar, TylerTyler Farrar (USA)  Netherlands
June 13 Delta Tour Zeeland, Points classification UCI Europe Tour  Farrar, TylerTyler Farrar (USA)  Netherlands
June 13 Delta Tour Zeeland, Teams classification UCI Europe Tour [N 2]  Netherlands
August 5 Tour de Pologne, Stage 5 UCI ProTour  Martin, DanDan Martin (IRL)  Poland Ustron
August 7 Tour de Pologne, Overall UCI ProTour  Martin, DanDan Martin (IRL)  Poland
August 7 Tour de Pologne, Teams classification UCI ProTour [N 3]  Poland
August 7 Tour of Denmark, Stage 5 UCI Europe Tour  Tuft, SveinSvein Tuft (CAN)  Denmark Middelfart
August 15 Vattenfall Cyclassics UCI ProTour  Farrar, TylerTyler Farrar (USA)  Germany Hamburg
August 17 Tre Valli Varesine UCI Europe Tour  Martin, DanDan Martin (IRL)  Italy Varese
August 17 Eneco Tour, Prologue UCI ProTour  Tuft, SveinSvein Tuft (CAN)  Netherlands Steenwijk
August 22 Eneco Tour, Stage 5 UCI ProTour  Bobridge, JackJack Bobridge (AUS)  Netherlands Sittard
September 1 Vuelta a España, Stage 5 UCI World Ranking  Farrar, TylerTyler Farrar (USA)  Spain Lorca
September 19 Vuelta a España, Stage 21 UCI World Ranking  Farrar, TylerTyler Farrar (USA)  Spain Madrid
October 17 Chrono des Nations UCI Europe Tour  Millar, DavidDavid Millar (GBR)  France Les Herbiers
October 24 Japan Cup UCI Asia Tour  Martin, DanDan Martin (IRL)  Japan Utsunomiya

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The riders on the squad were Ryder Hesjedal, David Zabriskie, Peter Stetina, Matt Wilson, Thomas Peterson, Steven Cozza, Robert Hunter, and Tom Danielson
  2. ↑ The riders on the squad were Tyler Farrar, Murilo Fischer, Jack Bobridge, Svein Tuft, Travis Meyer, Steven Cozza, Timothy Duggan, and Kirk Carlsen
  3. ↑ The riders on the squad were Christian Meier, Thomas Peterson, Dan Martin, Matt Wilson, Murilo Fischer, Cameron Meyer, Peter Stetina, and Thomas Danielson

References

  1. ↑ Benson, Daniel & Tyler, Richard "Bradley Wiggins signs with Team Sky" http://cylingnews.com 2009-12-10
  2. ↑ Stokes, Shane "Vaughters said he’d no choice about Zirbel" http://cylingnews.com 2009-12-28
  3. ↑ Cycling News (2010-03-03). "Hunter scores for Garmin-Transitions". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 17 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
  4. ↑ Cycling News (2010-03-04). "Hunter conquers all in Caravaca de la Cruz". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
  5. ↑ Cycling News (2010-03-05). "Roberts wins dash into Alhama de Murcia". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
  6. ↑ Stephen Farrand (2009-10-26). "A Giro of promise and remembrance". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  7. ↑ Giles Belbin (2010-05-06). "93rd Giro d'Italia - Favourites Preview". Daily Peloton. Daily Peloton. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  8. ↑ Simon MacMichael (2010-05-07). "Giro d'Italia Preview: Evans tipped to swap rainbow jersey for pink". Road.cc. Farrelly Atkinson Ltd. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
  9. ↑ Andrew Hood (2010-05-07). "Garmin aims for pink jersey, stage wins at Giro d’Italia". VeloNews. Competitor Group, Inc. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
  10. ↑ Cycling News (2010-05-08). "Wiggins wins Giro opener". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
  11. ↑ Cycling News (2010-05-09). "Farrar fastest in Utrecht". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
  12. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-05-10). "Weylandt takes chaotic stage". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
  13. ↑ John Macleary (2010-05-12). "Giro d'Italia 2010: David Millar can claim the pink jersey and make history, says Sean Kelly". Telegraph.co.uk. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Archived from the original on 15 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  14. ↑ Les Clarke and Stephen Farrand (2010-05-12). "Liquigas-Doimo fly to TTT victory". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 13 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-12.
  15. ↑ Peter Hymas and Jean-François Quénet (2010-05-13). "Pineau nabs Quick Step's second stage". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 15 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-14.
  16. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-05-17). "Goss sprints to victory in Cava de' Tirreni". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 20 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
  17. ↑ Les Clarke and Jean-François Quénet (2010-05-18). "Farrar fantastic in Bitonto". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 20 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-21.
  18. ↑ Andrew Hood (2010-05-20). "Filippo Pozzato snags win on 2010 Giro d’Italia’s 12th stage, Porte retains lead". VeloNews. Competitor Group Inc. Archived from the original on 25 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  19. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-05-27). "Greipel sprints to stage victory in Brescia". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 20 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
  20. ↑ Stephen Farrand (2010-05-30). "Basso wins Giro d'Italia". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 23 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-25.
  21. ↑ Thomas A. Valentinsen (2010-06-27). "Team Garmin-Transitions Announces Roster for 2010 Tour de France". Roadcycling.com. Seven Sparkles International. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  22. ↑ Cycling News (2010-07-03). "Cancellara wins prologue time trial". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  23. ↑ Laura Weislo (2010-07-04). "Petacchi emerges from chaos in Brussels". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  24. ↑ Neal Rogers (2010-07-05). "The Stockeau Massacre: Damage assessment after the Tour de France’s second stage". VeloNews. Competitor Group, Inc. Archived from the original on 31 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-12.
  25. ↑ "Garmin’s Christian Vande Velde leaves Tour de France with broken ribs". VeloNews. Competitor Group, Inc. Agence France Presse. 2010-07-05. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  26. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-07-06). "Carnage on the cobbles!". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  27. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-07-07). "Take two for Ale-Jet". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  28. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-07-08). "Cavendish vindicated in Montargis!". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  29. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-07-09). "Cavendish sprints for second consecutive stage win". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  30. ↑ Richard Moore (2010-07-10). "Chavanel races to victory in first mountains stage". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  31. ↑ Richard Moore (2010-07-11). "Advantage Schleck on first major mountain stage". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  32. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-07-13). "Casar claims stage win for France". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  33. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-07-15). "Cavendish takes win number three". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Archived from the original on 2010-08-20. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  34. ↑ Gregor Brown (2010-07-16). "Farrar abandons Tour and puts dream of stage win on hold". Cycling Weekly. IPC Media Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  35. ↑ Conal Andrews (2010-07-15). "Tour de France: disappointment for Garmin Transitions as Hunter is forced out". VeloNation. VeloNation LLC. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  36. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-07-19). "Voeckler victorious in Bagneres-de-Luchon". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  37. ↑ Les Clarke (2010-07-22). "Schleck takes stage win atop Col du Tourmalet". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  38. ↑ Susan Westemeyer (2010-07-23). "Cavendish rockets to stage win in Bordeaux". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  39. ↑ Hedwig Kröner (2010-07-24). "Contador bests Schleck, remains in yellow". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  40. ↑ Anthony Tan (2010-07-25). "Tres victorias de Francia para Contador!". Cycling News. Future Publishing Limited. Retrieved 2010-12-19.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.