2008 Republican National Convention

2008 Republican National Convention
2008 presidential election

Nominees
McCain and Palin
Convention
Date(s) September 1–4, 2008
City Saint Paul, Minnesota
Venue Xcel Energy Center
Notable speakers George W. Bush
Laura Bush
Joe Lieberman
Rudy Giuliani
Mike Huckabee
Mitt Romney
Michael Steele
Candidates
Presidential nominee John McCain of Arizona
Vice Presidential nominee Sarah Palin of Alaska
Voting
Total delegates 2,380
Votes needed for nomination 1,191
Results (President) McCain (AZ): 2,343 (99.28%)
Paul (TX): 15 (0.63%)
Romney (MA): 2 (0.09%)
Results (Vice President) Palin (AK): 100% (Acclamation)
Ballots 1

The United States 2008 Republican National Convention took place at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota, from September 1, through September 4, 2008.[1] The first day of the Republican Party's convention fell on Labor Day, the last day of the popular Minnesota State Fair, though because of Hurricane Gustav, this day was mostly a call for action to help victims and formal, required activities; most of the politicking and partying did not start until Tuesday, the second scheduled day.

This was the latest any major party convention has ever been convened,[2] and the first one to take place entirely in September. Traditionally, the party who holds the White House has the opportunity to select the date of its convention second, and normally the challenging party holds their convention in July while the incumbent party holds its convention in August. This year, later dates were chosen for both conventions because the parties wanted to schedule their conventions after the 2008 Summer Olympics ended.

President George W. Bush did not attend the convention (although he did appear by satellite), in order to oversee relief efforts to help citizens recover from Hurricane Gustav.[3] The attending delegates at the convention nominated Senator John McCain from Arizona for President and Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska for Vice President. 1,191 pledged delegates were necessary for candidates to win the respective nominations.

Speakers

Monday, September 1, 2008

The two women appeared together and delivered short remarks to encourage support for hurricane relief efforts.[7]

Tuesday, September 2, 2008

Members of the Bush and McCain families when former President George H.W. Bush was honored on September 2, 2008

Wednesday, September 3, 2008

September 3
Rudy Giuliani
Sarah Palin
Mike Huckabee

Thursday, September 4, 2008

September 4
John McCain
Cindy McCain

Hosting city selection

Xcel Energy Center, host venue of the convention
The floor of the 2008 Republican National Convention

Four cities made bids to the Republican National Committee (RNC) for proposals to host the 2008 Convention. Those cities were Cleveland, Ohio, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, New York City, New York, and Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida. The RNC Selection Committee made its recommendation for Minneapolis-Saint Paul and on September 27, 2006, the RNC made its decision public that the 2008 Republican National Convention would be held in Minneapolis-Saint Paul.[1] The RNC made their decision earlier than originally scheduled because the Democratic National Committee (DNC) also had Minneapolis-Saint Paul as a finalist among bidding cities. (After the RNC's selection, the DNC removed Minneapolis-Saint Paul from consideration which left the DNC with only two cities to choose from: New York City and Denver, Colorado.) This is the second time the Minneapolis-Saint Paul area held the Republican National Convention—the first was held in 1892.

Denver
Saint Paul
Kansas City
Chicago
Sites of the 2008 national presidential nominating conventions

Political significance

The 27 electoral college votes from Minnesota, Wisconsin and Iowa as a block—equal in value to Florida's—was judged by the University of Minnesota Elections project to be subject to swing toward either major party.[18] Even so, Minnesota has not gone to the Republicans since the 1972 election when during his reelection President Richard Nixon won every state except Massachusetts and the District of Columbia. In 1984, during his reelection, President Ronald Reagan was victorious over Minnesota's "favorite son," Walter Mondale, in all states except Minnesota, and the District of Columbia.

Since the U.S. Constitution limits the President to two terms and Vice President Dick Cheney did not seek the Presidency, the 2008 election was the first election in which neither the sitting President nor the sitting Vice President sought his party's nomination since 1928 (when neither the sitting President, Calvin Coolidge, nor the sitting Vice President, Charles G. Dawes, chose to seek the Presidency) and the first since 1952 where neither the sitting President nor sitting Vice President received his party's nomination (when the sitting President, Harry S. Truman, chose not to seek reelection and the sitting Vice President, Alben Barkley, lost the Democratic Nomination to Adlai Stevenson). With the exception of the 1964 convention, which nominated Barry Goldwater for President and William E. Miller for Vice-President, this was the first convention since 1948 not to feature a man named either Nixon, Dole or Bush on the ticket.

Sarah Palin, nominated for Vice President, became the first female on the Republican presidential ticket.

Considering the signs that were waved by the delegates, the dominant message of the convention was "Country First." The "U.S.A.!" chant was also a part of the message of the convention with the delegates chanting it during Lieberman's and Thompson's speeches on the first evening.

Scheduling

With the landfall of Hurricane Gustav on the U.S. Gulf Coast, the White House canceled the planned appearances of President Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney.[19] Governors Bobby Jindal of Louisiana and Rick Perry of Texas skipped the convention to remain in their states during the hurricane's landfall.[20][21] The Monday, September 1, 2008, schedule was compressed to two hours from seven.[19] McCain called on the party to reduce partisan activities ahead of the hurricane's arrival.[19] The Republican Party chartered a DC-9 to fly convention delegates representing the affected areas back home to their families.[19] The last time a major hurricane struck in a Presidential-election year was Hurricane Andrew in 1992, which hit South Florida four days after the Republican Convention in Houston, Texas.[20][22]

On March 26, 2008, the National Football League and NBC agreed to move the kickoff time of a September 4 season-opening football game to 7:00 p.m. EDT instead of 8:30 p.m. EDT to accommodate the convention.[23] The game ended relatively on time, at 10:01 p.m. EDT, with NBC Sports handing off to NBC News within moments of the end of the game. According to Nielsen Media Research, 38.9 million Americans watched McCain deliver his acceptance speech—a half million more than tuned in to see Obama the previous week.[24]

Delegate count

To be selected as the 2008 Republican Party Nominee, a candidate must have received the vote of 1,191 delegates. As of March 4, 2008, McCain had received the pledges of more than 1,191 delegates.[25][26] Although most of those delegates were not required to vote for him,[27] on September 3, 2008, McCain won the nomination almost unanimously.[28]

Republican National Convention Presidential nominee vote, 2008[28][29][30]
Candidate Votes Percentage
John McCain 2,343 98.44%
Ron Paul 21 0.88%
Mitt Romney 2 0.08%
Delegates that did not vote 14 0.59%
Totals 2,380 100.00%

Palin was nominated for Vice President by voice vote on September 4, 2008.[31]

Hurricane Gustav

Several early predictions made by the National Hurricane Center showed Minneapolis-St. Paul on the predicted ground track of Hurricane Gustav. Gustav would have long been extra-tropical by the time it reached the area, it could have caused a significant impact to the convention due to rain. Most of the convention's activities were curtailed as Gustav neared, and President Bush canceled his plans to attend the convention. As the hurricane moved inland, its track shifted well to the east missing the area by several hundred miles.

Protests

Antiwar march at the Minnesota State Capitol on September 1, 2008

Approximately 10,000 largely peaceful protesters marched against the war in Iraq and 2,000 more to end homelessness and poverty.[32][33] They represented a number of organizations opposed to the Republican Administration including the Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign, Veterans for Peace, Iraq Veterans Against the War, Military Families Speak Out, the Teamsters, Code Pink, the American Indian Movement and the RNC Welcoming Committee.[34][35] About 1,000 people in place for the third major march, and the last to be sanctioned, were stopped on Thursday, September 4, 2008, by police because they attempted to begin their march after the time their march permit expired.[36] The Anti-War Committee, which supports nonviolent action and civil disobedience and had cooperated with anarchist groups, had organized and publicized the march to protest at the time of McCain's acceptance speech, which was in violation of the court-approved protest permit time.[37]

The Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign march to abolish poverty on September 2, 2008

Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty and 10,000 Ron Paul supporters attended the Rally for the Republic, a protest convention on September 2, 2008, held a few miles from the Xcel Energy Center at the Minneapolis Target Center in direct contrast to the Republican National Convention.[38]

Several groups had been preparing to protest near the convention.[39] In early January 2008, protesters marched from the Minnesota State Capitol to the Xcel Energy Center in hopes of securing a protest permit.[40] The Saint Paul Police Department authorized the event, but only approved the permit through July 2008. On February 8 and February 9, 2008, antiwar protesters attended a weekend conference at the University of Minnesota to discuss the protests and antiwar rally.[41] On February 28, 2008, the Associated Press (AP) reported that the police department adopted new guidelines for the investigation of protest groups. The police department said that this did not have anything to do with the convention.[42]

In early March 2008, the city of Saint Paul gave the first permits to protest organizers.[43] The city had said that it was not going to follow the "New York model" for protest security, referring to the tactics the New York City Police Department used for the 2004 Republican National Convention protest activity.[44] Later, on March 24, 2008, the antiwar group the Coalition to March on the RNC and Stop the War, sued the city, claiming their free speech and due process rights were denied by the vagueness of the permits which did not specify a permitted route for their march.[45][46] On July 16, 2008, a Federal judge upheld the terms of the permit.[47] And when the time came on September 2, 2008, police led the Poor People's Economic Human Rights Campaign for two hours on a 2.5 miles (4.0 km) trek away from the convention which had been less than 1 mile (1.6 km) from their starting point.[48]

Search warrants and arrests

Police in downtown Saint Paul on September 2, 2008
Police arresting protesters during the first-day of the convention

Before the convention began, search warrants were executed by Ramsey County Sheriff Bob Fletcher[49] in coordination with the Federal Bureau of Investigation.[50] Six persons who were a part of the organizing group, the RNC Welcoming Committee, were arrested when police executed search warrants on a handful of homes in Minneapolis and Saint Paul during the weekend preceding the convention.[51][52][53]

Media outlets reported on several of the searches.[54] Given the nature of the probable cause for the warrant applications, a district court judge authorized no-knock warrants. Police entered the homes wearing body armor with weapons drawn, which is standard for no-knock warrants.[54] RNC Welcoming Committee members detained at the group's headquarters, located in an old theater on Saint Paul's West Side, were ultimately arrested by Ramsey County Sheriff Bob Fletcher of misdemeanor fire code violations.[54]

On the first day of the convention, a group of protesters stood in front of approximately 30 to 40 delegates from Connecticut in an attempt to prevent them from entering the convention. Paramedics had to treat an 83-year-old member of the delegation for breathing problems when his credentials were ripped from his neck by a protester.[55] Additionally, a black bloc smashed windows of downtown businesses and slashed the tires several police cars, lit one police car on fire, and used a garbage dumpster as a battering ram against another. About 12 protesters were arrested.[55][56]

Minnesota Peace Team and police in Saint Paul on September 4, 2008

During the convention's first three days, more than 300[57] individuals were detained by police,[58] including journalists,[59] healthcare workers, and legal observers.[60] Some were released, but nearly half received felony charges.[60] Of these felony arrests, many cases were dropped or reviewed, sometimes for lesser charges, and about 21 were found to be prosecutable.[57] About 102 persons were arrested for unlawful assembly at a Rage Against the Machine concert in downtown Minneapolis.[61]

Over the four days of the convention, more than 30 journalists were arrested while reporting on the protests. The arrests included journalists from national organizations such as AP and Democracy Now!, journalists from local radio and TV stations, as well as university journalism students and advisors.[62]

Three journalists from Democracy Now!—including principal host Amy Goodman—were detained by police during their reporting on the protests.[63] According to a press release by Democracy Now!, Goodman was arrested after confronting officers regarding the arrest of her colleagues. The officers were in the midst of crowd control, and ordered Goodman to move back. She was arrested after refusing the officer's orders.[64] All were held on charges of "probable cause for riot".[65] Several news sources have criticized the arrest as unlawful and a violation of the freedom of the press,[66] and warned of the "chilling effects" of such measures.[67] Democracy Now! journalist Amy Goodman and producers Sharif Abdel Kouddous and Nicole Salazar prevailed in a lawsuit against the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul and the U.S. Secret Service brought by the Center for Constitutional Rights, attorney Steven Reiss from Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP in New York, and Albert Goins of Minneapolis. The federal lawsuit asserted that the government cannot, in the name of security, limit the flow of information by intimidating and arresting journalists who engage in constitutionally protected reporting on speech protected by the First Amendment, such as dissent or law enforcement activities. The settlement included compensation of $100,000 for the three journalists and an agreement by the St. Paul Police Department to implement a training program aimed at educating officers regarding the First Amendment rights of the press and public with respect to police operations — including police handling of media coverage of mass demonstrations — and to pursue implementation of the training program in Minneapolis and statewide.[68][69][70]

The final protest march was permitted for 2:00 to 5:00 p.m. on the final day of the convention. This meant that the last of the marchers needed to be back on capitol grounds by 5 p.m. By 4 p.m., the march had still not left the capitol grounds. Understanding that the protesters were interested in being near the Xcel Energy Center when delegates were, police offered a compromise: march leaders were told that if they started their march before 5 p.m., police would allow it to continue past the permit time. March organizers refused. When the final protest march permit expired at 5 p.m., overpasses over Interstate 94 leading into downtown from the state capitol were closed. Two hours later, when the final assembly permit on capitol grounds expired and protesters refused several commands to disperse, police used tear gas, smoke bombs, pepper spray, flash bangs, mounted police, paint marker rounds, and rubber bullets to prevent an antiwar march organized by the Anti-War Committee to march on the Xcel Energy center. This march would have been in violation of the court-approved march permits.[61][71][72] Between 300 and 400 people were arrested or held including 19 journalists, among them AP reporters Amy Forliti and Jon Krawczynski,[72] reporters from Twin Cities Daily Planet and The Uptake, and Paul Demko of The Minnesota Independent.[72][73][74] Total arrests of convention protesters numbered approximately 800, although only 15 cases resulted in criminal charges.[75] Several suits were started in U.S. District Court, claiming civil rights abuses by the St. Paul Police Department and other agencies involved in the RNC, particularly the Minneapolis Police Department and Ramsey County Sheriff's Office.[75] Search warrants were still being granted into 2009 in relation to the events that transpired during the 2008 RNC.[76]

Post-RNC convictions of protesters

Both McKay and Crowder were arrested based on FBI surveillance and testimony by former-activist turned informant, Brandon Michael Darby[81] and Andrew C. Darst, also known as "Panda," "warchyld" or Killswitch. Darst is currently being charged in Ramsey County, MN, with two felony counts of first- and second-degree burglary as well as fifth-degree assault relating to a January 11, 2009, domestic disturbance.[82]

See also

References

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  2. ↑ "About the 2008 Republican National Convention". 2008 Republican National Convention official website. Archived from the original on 2008-07-30. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
  3. ↑ "Transcript - Bush’s Address to the Republican National Convention - Election Guide 2008 - The New York Times".
  4. ↑ "Republican National Convention Update" Archived 2008-09-14 at the Wayback Machine.. AsianWeek. Retrieved on 2008-09-03.
  5. ↑ "Republican Convention Schedule: Monday". New York: Associated Press via NY Post. August 30, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  6. 1 2 Shear, Michael D. (September 1, 2008). "Laura Bush, Cindy McCain to Speak Today". The Washington Post Company. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
  7. ↑ "Laura Bush on Gustav: Americans 'are here to do what we can'". CNN. September 1, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  8. ↑ Kaufman, Gil (September 2, 2008). "President Bush Takes Center Stage On Second Night Of Rebooted Republican National Convention". MTV Networks. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  9. ↑ Westfall, Sandra Sobieraj (September 2, 2008). "Laura Bush Delivers Feisty GOP 'Straight Talk'". People. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  10. ↑ Rutenberg, Jim; Brian Stelter (September 5, 2008). "Conventions, Anything but Dull, Are a TV Hit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  11. ↑ Halperin, Mark (September 3, 2008). "Joe Lieberman". Time. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  12. ↑ Harnden, Toby (September 3, 2008). "Fred Thompson hails Sarah Palin at Republican Convention". Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Barabak, Mark Z (September 4, 2008). "Defiant Sarah Palin comes out swinging". The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Losing Candidates Go To Bat For McCain". CBS. September 3, 2008. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  15. ↑ "Republican Convention report card: Sarah Palin". CNN. September 4, 2008. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  16. ↑ Curry, Tom (September 3, 2008). "Palin speech is latest in GOP fight with media". MSNBC. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
  17. 1 2 3 4 DeMillo, Andrew (September 4, 2008). "Cindy McCain praises husband as leader, father". USA Today. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
  18. ↑ Moore, Rick (2004-10-26). "2004 Elections Project - The latest trends in Wisconsin and Iowa". UMN News. Regents of the University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2006-11-19.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Michael Abramowitz; Robert Barnes (2008-08-31). "GOP Makes Major Changes to Convention Activities". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  20. 1 2 Dan Eggen; Michael Shear (2008-08-29). "GOP Considers Delaying Convention". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  21. ↑ Russ Britt (2008-08-29). "Gustav could blow away GOP convention plans". MarketWatch. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  22. ↑ Ed Rappaport (1993-12-10). "Preliminary Report: Hurricane Andrew". National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  23. ↑ "NFL season opener yields to McCain speech". Reuters. March 26, 2008. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
  24. ↑ Jim Rutenberg; Brian Stelter (2008-09-05). "Conventions, Anything but Dull, Are a TV Hit". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  25. ↑ "Republican Delegate Count". Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
  26. ↑ "CNN Republican Primary Scorecard". Archived from the original on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
  27. ↑ "CAN MCCAIN GET ROMNEY'S DELEGATES?". Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2008.
  28. 1 2 "Republican Convention 2008". The Green Papers. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  29. ↑ "Update from The Green Papers addressing Update from Minnesota". Archived from the original on 12 January 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
  30. ↑ "Letter from Michael Steele Confirming and Correcting the Minnesota delegate vote count for Ron Paul. Paul to get six more votes" (PDF). Retrieved 22 January 2010.
  31. ↑ Peppard, Jim (September 4, 2008). "Palin nominated by acclamation". WTSP. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  32. ↑ Stawicki, Elizabeth; Michael Caputo (2008-09-02). "Authorities say splinter groups caused most of protest violence". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
  33. ↑ McNary, Sharon (2008-09-02). "Calm returns to Xcel after police fire tear gas at protesters". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
  34. ↑ Smith, Ashley; Ruder, Eric (September 2, 2008). "Marching on the RNC". SocialistWorker.org. Archived from the original on 5 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  35. ↑ Montopoli, Brian (September 1, 2008). "Protesters Push Antiwar Message At RNC". CBS News. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  36. ↑ Robson, Britt (September 5, 2008). "Scenes from a protest: On RNC's last night, a march to nowhere". The Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  37. ↑ Weber, Tom (July 31, 2008). "Anti-war activists plan protest on last day of RNC". Minnesota Public Radio News. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  38. ↑ Devin, Henry (September 3, 2008). "Ron Paul, supporters rally at Target Center". The Minnesota Daily. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  39. ↑ "MPR: Peace activists, radicals plotting protests for GOP convention". Minnesota.publicradio.org. 2007-11-12. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  40. ↑ Bakst, Brian (1 February 2008). "Protesters warm up for convention in St. Paul". ABC Eyewitness news. Archived from the original on 6 June 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  41. ↑ "wcco.com - Protesters Making Plans In Minn. For RNC '08". 11 February 2008. Archived from the original on 11 February 2008.
  42. ↑ "MPR: St. Paul police adopt new guidelines ahead of RNC". Minnesota.publicradio.org. 2008-02-25. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  43. ↑ - RNC Protesters Not Happy About Marching Routes Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  44. ↑ Sean Gardiner (2008-03-11). "> news > Runnin' Scared: Minnesota Cops Promise a Kinder, Gentler RNC by Sean Gardiner". village voice. Archived from the original on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  45. ↑ "Case for RNC antiwar protest permits goes to federal court". Fightbacknews.org. 2008-06-10. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  46. ↑ "MPR: RNC protest group sues city of St. Paul". Minnesota.publicradio.org. 2008-03-24. Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  47. ↑ Furst, Randy (2008-07-16). "Federal judge rules against RNC protesters". Star Tribune. The Star Tribune Company.
  48. ↑ Camp, John (September 3, 2008). "Street scenes: A march through St. Paul's concrete wilderness". MinnPost. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  49. ↑ Nelson, Tim; Stachura, Sea (August 30, 2008). "Police conduct raids in preparation for RNC". Minnesota Public Radio. Archived from the original on 4 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  50. ↑ Greenwald, Glenn (August 31, 2008). "Federal government involved in raids on protesters". Salon. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  51. ↑ Birkey, Andy (August 30, 2008). "Pre-RNC police raids: reporters' notebook". The Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on 31 August 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  52. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/04/us/politics/04protests.html
  53. ↑ https://www.democracynow.org/2008/9/4/eight_members_of_rnc_activist_group
  54. 1 2 3 Associated Press (August 30, 2008). "Police raid headquarters of RNC protesters". CNN. Archived from the original on 1 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
  55. 1 2 "Protesters". The Hour. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  56. ↑ "Police fire tear gas into protest group". Twin Cities.com. 1 September 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  57. 1 2 Demko, Paul (September 3, 2008). "Prosecutors detail protest charges". The Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on 4 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
  58. ↑ Forliti, Amy (September 2, 2008). "Some turn violent in GOP convention protests". Daily News. New York. Associated Press. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  59. ↑ Lohn, Martiga; Krawczynski, Jon (September 2, 2008). "Hundreds protest poverty, homelessness as GOP meet". Associated Press via USA Today. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  60. 1 2 Stone, Kathlyn (September 2, 2008). "Arrest of hundreds at anti-war marchers and journalists angers activists". Twin Cities Daily Planet. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  61. 1 2 Hohmann, James (5 September 2008). "Police arrest demonstrators, prevent access to Republican convention". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 1 October 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  62. ↑ "List of Journalists Arrested at the RNC". Free Press (organization). September 10, 2008. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-16.
  63. ↑ "Amy Goodman, Others Detained Outside RNC". The Nation. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on 9 November 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  64. ↑ "Amy Goodman and Two Democracy Now! Producers Unlawfully Arrested At the RNC". Democracy Now!. September 2, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  65. ↑ "Democracy Now! host Amy Goodman arrested at RNC protest". Minnesota Public Radio. September 1, 2008. Archived from the original on 2 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  66. ↑ "Amy Goodman and Two Democracy Now! Producers Unlawfully Arrested at RNC". Alternet. September 1, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  67. ↑ "Incarceration now!". On the Media. September 26, 2008. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 9 January 2009.
  68. ↑ Fung, Katherine (October 3, 2011). "Amy Goodman, 'Democracy Now!' Settle Lawsuit Over 2008 Republican National Convention Arrests". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
  69. ↑ "Cities, U.S. government to pay $100,000 settlement over arrest of three journalists during 2008 Republican National Convention". Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas at the University of Texas, Austin. October 6, 2011. Retrieved 2008-10-29.
  70. ↑ "Settlement Reached over Arrest of Amy Goodman, Democracy Now! Producers at 2008 GOP Convention". Democracy Now!. October 3, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-29.
  71. ↑ "Police arrest 200 in march on GOP convention". Associated Press via Daily Herald. September 5, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  72. 1 2 3 Foley, Ryan J.; Lohn, Martiga (September 5, 2008). "Arrests mark last anti-war march of convention". Associated Press via USA Today. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
  73. ↑ Turck, Mary (September 4, 2008). "Over 300 arrested at RNC protests, including reporters from the Daily Planet and the Uptake". Twin Cities Daily Planet. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  74. ↑ Demko, Paul (September 5, 2008). "'If you are on this bridge you are under arrest'". The Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on 6 September 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-05.
  75. 1 2 Demko, Paul (February 27, 2009). "Lawsuits filed alleging police misconduct around the RNC". The Minnesota Independent. Archived from the original on 1 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
  76. ↑ Anonymous, Anonymous (March 5, 2009). "Macalester Dorm Raided in February in Hunt for RNC Evidence". Twin Cities IndyMedia. Archived from the original on May 28, 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-05.
  77. ↑ Twin Cities IMC (2009-01-29). "McKay Trial: Day 1 Notes". Twins Cities IMC. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  78. ↑ Twin Cities IMC (2009-01-29). "McKay Trial: Day 2 Notes". Twins Cities IMC. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  79. ↑ Federal Bureau of Investigations (2009-05-21). "Texas Man Sentenced on Firearms Charges Connected to the Republican National Convention". Retrieved 2015-09-16.
  80. 1 2 Schmickle, Sharon (April 9, 2009). "Update: Gaertner dropping terrorism charges against RNC Eight". MinnPost. Archived from the original on 12 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-09.
  81. ↑ "Brandon Darby : Proud FBI Informant and Snitch". Archived from the original on 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
  82. ↑ Randy Furst (2009-02-17). "FBI informant ("Panda") faces criminal charges". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
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Preceded by
2004
New York		 Republican National Conventions Succeeded by
2012
Tampa
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