2005 United States Grand Prix

United States  2005 United States Grand Prix
Race details
Race 9 of 19 in the 2005 Formula One season
Date June 19, 2005
Official name XXXIV Foster's United States Grand Prix
Location Indianapolis Motor Speedway
Indianapolis, Indiana
Course Permanent racing facility
Course length 4.192 km (2.605 mi)
Distance 73 laps, 306.016 km (190.238 mi)
Weather Cloudy, temperatures up to 77 °F (25 °C); wind speeds up to 11.1 miles per hour (17.9 km/h)[1]
Pole position
Driver
Toyota
Time 1:10.625
Fastest lap
Driver Germany Michael Schumacher Ferrari
Time 1:11.497 on lap 48
Podium
First
Ferrari
Second
Ferrari
Third
Jordan-Toyota

The 2005 United States Grand Prix was one of the most controversial Formula One motor races in modern history. It was held on June 19, 2005 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway and was the ninth race of the 2005 Formula One season. Out of the 20 cars that entered the race, only the six cars from the teams using Bridgestone tyres (Ferrari, Jordan and Minardi) competed. The remaining fourteen entrants, all using Michelin tyres, completed the parade lap (thus having technically taken part in the race, avoiding punishment), but retired to the pits before the race started.

Following several tyre failures before the race, most spectacularly on Ralf Schumacher's Toyota during Friday practice and by Ricardo Zonta in the other Toyota. Michelin advised its seven customer teams that without a reduction in speed in Turn 13, the tyres provided for the race would only be safe for 10 laps. Michelin had been providing working tyres for the race since 2001. The situation was worsened by the 2005 Formula One rules, which forbade tyre changes during the race.

The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), the sport's governing body, refused a compromise proposal from Michelin to allow a chicane to be installed, maintaining that such rule changes would be grossly unfair to the Bridgestone-shod teams, who had come prepared with properly working tyres, and that a last-minute change to the track layout would be dangerous in case of crashes. The Michelin teams, unable to come to a compromise with the FIA, decided not to participate. It was later stated that the Michelin-shod teams could have potentially exposed themselves to criminal liability under Indiana state law had they competed.[2]

Of the six competitors, Ferrari's Michael Schumacher was the eventual winner, with his teammate Rubens Barrichello finishing second. The result significantly boosted Schumacher's championship standing, placing him third overall—no driver above him in driver championship points took part in the race.[3] The race also marked the Toyota team's first Formula One pole position, which did not lead to a win due to the team's withdrawal from the race start. The final race result was the lowest number of finishing entries ever seen in a major open-wheel motorsports event at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway since the institution of the 500-Mile Race (surpassing the previous record low of seven finishers in 1966, a race marred by a major first lap accident that eliminated a full third of the starting field). The situation created enormous negative publicity for the sport of Formula One, especially in the United States, a market in which Formula One had struggled to establish itself over the preceding twenty years; some even called the race "Indygate".[4]

Qualifying

The qualifying session for the United States Grand Prix was held on June 18. Jarno Trulli gained the pole position by posting the fastest lap time, 1:10.625. Trulli, driving for Toyota, was the team's first driver to win the pole position for a Formula One race.[5] The second-place qualifier was Kimi Räikkönen, who ran a lap of 1:10.694. Jenson Button, Giancarlo Fisichella, and Michael Schumacher were the next three fastest qualifiers. Fernando Alonso, who led the season point standings, qualified in sixth. The rest of the top 10 consisted of Rubens Barrichello, Takuma Sato, Mark Webber, and Felipe Massa.[5]

Pre-race controversy

Ralf Schumacher at an autograph session before the practice session where he crashed in Turn 13.

Michelin tyre failures

During the afternoon's practice session on Friday, June 17, 2005, Ralf Schumacher, driving for Toyota, crashed badly in Turn 13 of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course, apparently as a result of a left-rear tyre failure. He was unable to continue racing, and was replaced by the team's test driver, Ricardo Zonta, for the rest of the weekend. Schumacher had crashed in the same spot as a result of a tyre failure the previous year, while driving for the Williams team.[6] Turn 13 on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course is a high speed banked turn, unique in Formula One racing, which causes a greater than usual tyre loading.[7] On June 18, Michelin reported that it did not understand why the tyres it had provided for its seven customer teams – BAR, McLaren, Red Bull, Renault, Toyota, Sauber, and Williams – had failed in this turn, and announced its intention to fly in tyres of a different specification from its Clermont-Ferrand headquarters.[8] Unfortunately, the replacement tyres flown in, which were of the type used in the Spanish Grand Prix earlier that year, turned out to have the same problem when tested.[9][10]

Correspondence between Michelin and the FIA

In a letter to FIA Race Director Charlie Whiting dated Saturday, June 18, Michelin representatives Pierre Dupasquier and Nick Shorrock revealed that they did not know the cause of the Toyota tyre failures, and unless the cars could be slowed down in Turn 13, they could not guarantee the tyres' safety for more than 10 laps.[10] Whiting replied on Sunday, June 19, expressing his surprise that Michelin had not brought suitable tyres, suggesting that the teams should limit their drivers to the maximum safe speed specified by Michelin in Turn 13. He also addressed several solutions which had been proposed by the teams, insisting that use of the new specification tyres flown in overnight would be "a breach of the rules to be considered by the stewards", and the placement of a chicane in the turn was "out of the question" – the race would not be sanctioned by the FIA (making it a non-championship race) if the track layout was changed. He deemed the Michelin teams' proposals to be "grossly unfair" to the Bridgestone teams.[11]

Tyre issues caused the race to be run with only six competitors.

In a second letter, also dated June 18, Dupasquier and Shorrock confirmed that they would not permit their teams to race on the Michelin tyres used during qualification without changes to the circuit, and reiterated their request to slow down Turn 13. Whiting's brief reply maintained that no such change would be permitted, and gave the teams the choice of limiting speeds through Turn 13, using tyres of a different specification to those used in qualifying, subject to a penalty, or changing tyres repeatedly, which would have been permitted if a driver's safety were at issue.[12]

Attempts at compromise

Paul Stoddart, then owner of Minardi, a team using Bridgestone tyres, published an account on Wednesday, June 22, of the events leading up to the race. Stoddart recorded a meeting around 10:00am on the day of the race, to which Speedway president Tony George, "the two most senior Michelin representatives present at the circuit", Bernie Ecclestone (president and CEO of Formula One Management and Formula One Administration), the team principals, and the teams' Michelin technical representatives were summoned. All invited were present except Jean Todt, Team Principal of Scuderia Ferrari.[9]

Alonso qualifying for the race

By Stoddart's account, the meeting proceeded as follows: The Michelin representatives stated their position that the tyres provided to the teams could not safely complete the race distance, and requested that the Bridgestone teams, represented by Stoddart and Jordan's Colin Kolles, permit the installation of a chicane in Turn 13. Those present discussed and agreed to reject the FIA's solution of speed-limiting the Michelin cars in the turn because of the potential for accidents. They likewise dismissed the possibility of making pit stops every ten laps, resolved that a chicane was the best solution, and instructed several technical representatives to prepare plans for its installation. Bernie Ecclestone volunteered to consult Todt, who had not come to the meeting, and the president of the FIA, Max Mosley, who was not present at the race, and reconvene the meeting when he had responses.[9]

Ecclestone returned at about 10:55 to inform the group that Todt had refused to agree to the chicane, maintaining that it was an FIA and a Michelin problem and not his. By the time Stoddart's account of the meeting was published, Todt had already denied that he had ever been consulted, but stated that, if asked, he would not have agreed to the chicane.[13] Furthermore, Ecclestone reported that Mosley had "stated that if any attempts were made to alter the circuit, he would cancel the Grand Prix forthwith".[9]

Team principals' plan

As Ralf Schumacher was injured, Ricardo Zonta qualified the Toyota instead of him.

The group, according to Stoddart, continued to propose alternative solutions, including "a non-championship race, or a race in which the Michelin teams could not score points, and even a race whereby only the Michelin teams used the new chicane", but eventually agreed that the best option was to install the chicane and run a non-championship race, without Ferrari if necessary.[14] To ignore the FIA's instructions and carry on the race would have resulted in the FIA's withdrawing its staff, so the group appointed delegates to fill the various offices, including a race director to replace Charlie Whiting and a safety car driver to replace Bernd Mayländer. The team principals were instructed to convey to their teams and drivers that, in the absence of FIA scrutineers and equipment, the technical rules could not be enforced, and that they were to conduct themselves honourably and in the interest of an entertaining race.[14]

They proceeded to summon the twenty drivers and present their plan. Of the drivers' opinions, Stoddart writes: "While I cannot testify that each and every driver agreed with what we were proposing, what I can say with certainty is that no driver disagreed." The Ferrari drivers expressed no opinion in the matter, leaving the decision to Todt, who was not present. The nine team principals who were present then resolved that, unless they and the FIA could come to a decision in the best interest of the sport, they would not participate in the race.[14]

Turn 13, the centre of the controversy

After a short break, the group gathered again in Ecclestone's office to find Renault team principal Flavio Briatore on the phone with Max Mosley. Mosley had apparently rejected all of their proposals, and it was stated that "Mosley had informed Mr Martin, the FIA's most senior representative in the USA, that if any kind of non-championship race was run, or any alteration made to the circuit, the US Grand Prix, and indeed, all FIA-regulated motorsport in the US, would be under threat".[9] On the same day that Stoddart's version of events was published, the FIA issued a statement denying that Mosley had made the reported threat, or that any such conversation had taken place.[15]

Having exhausted their options, the Michelin team principals, Stoddart, and Bernie Ecclestone – but not Jordan's Colin Kolles – discussed whether their cars should proceed to the grid, and decided that they should participate in the formation lap but that they could not race.[9] Stoddart asked Kolles if he would be entering his cars and was informed that Jordan would indeed be racing, despite having previously agreed not to. Stoddart was then approached by a Bridgestone representative and told that Bridgestone wanted him to race; he has also stated that given his "current relationship with Mr Mosley, [he] felt certain heavy sanctions would follow if [he] did not [race]." Stoddart too decided to enter his drivers, but reported that he would retire them if the Jordans did not finish the race.[14]

Race report

Ferrari's Michael Schumacher (here pictured in qualifying) took his first, and only, win of the season.

At the start of the race, all the cars lined up on the grid per FIA race procedure. As Charlie Whiting signalled the green light to start the formation lap, a full field of twenty cars set off as normal for a single lap before forming the starting grid. At the banked Turn 13, the entrance to the pit lane (and the turn that was the centre of the controversy), all teams that ran Michelin tyres returned to their pits, leaving just six cars from the three Bridgestone teams (Ferrari, Jordan, and Minardi) to start the race.[16]

The move by the teams, to come to the grid and then pull out after the formation lap into the pits, infuriated the fans, who did not know about the plan.[17][18] Boos were heard during the race, and some upset fans threw beer cans and water bottles on the track.[19] BBC Radio broadcaster Maurice Hamilton said of the event, "Without question, it was the strangest race I commentated on in F1."[18] Because of the retirement of the drivers who qualified ahead of them, Michael Schumacher and his Ferrari teammate, Barrichello, were the foremost starters, though using the grid positions they had qualified in; the pair were followed by Tiago Monteiro and Narain Karthikeyan, both driving for Jordan. Rounding out the remaining field of six were Christijan Albers and Patrick Friesacher of Minardi. Schumacher retained the lead when the race started, and the only changes in positioning came when Karthikeyan overtook Albers but immediately lost the position again going into turn 1.[20] The two Ferrari drivers quickly built a significant lead over their rivals, and Schumacher ended up with the victory, ahead of Barrichello. Monteiro and Karthikeyan finished in a distant third and fourth, and Albers and Friesacher brought up the rear.[21][22]

The race was a story of pit strategy, as the only passing on the circuit was of lapped traffic. Albers was the only car to run a three pit stop race, as all other drivers chose to stop only twice. The only lead changes came on lap 26, as Schumacher's 32-second stop gave Barrichello the lead, and on lap 51, as Schumacher turned in the quickest pit stop at 23.615 seconds, giving him enough time to exit pit lane at the same time as Barrichello, with the result of forcing Barrichello into the grass of Turn One. After this incident, which was not investigated by race officials, both Ferrari drivers were reminded over their radios not to crash out of the race, and they both settled into a slower pace, comfortably ahead of the rest of the field.[16] All four of the drivers for Jordan and Minardi scored their first points in Formula One at this race.[22] Karthikeyan's points were the first for an Indian driver in Formula One.[23] This was also the final race at which the Minardi team tallied points.[24]

At the podium ceremony, at which none of the scheduled dignitaries were present, all Ferrari team members quietly accepted their awards, and quickly exited. However, Monteiro stayed behind to celebrate his first podium finish, and the first for a Portuguese driver.[16]

Aftermath

Disgruntled fans blaming FIA president Max Mosley for the events of the race

The win, Schumacher's only victory of 2005, moved him from fifth to third in the drivers championship.[25][26] Alonso and Räikkönen remained first and second in the championship standings, on 59 and 37 points respectively, while Schumacher moved up to 34 points.[20][27] With his second-place finish, Barrichello went into fourth in the drivers championship, on 29 points, and Trulli dropped to fifth with 27 points.[20] The Ferrari team moved into joint second in the Constructors' Championship, matching McLaren with 63 points; both teams trailed Renault, which retained the lead on 76 points. Both Jordan and Minardi scored points, moving out of a tie with BAR-Honda at the bottom of the constructor standings.[22] However, the results of the United States Grand Prix were overshadowed by the withdrawal of the Michelin-shod teams, and by the inability to find a solution which would have allowed them to race.[18][21]

Bernie Ecclestone, in answer to a question by ITV's Martin Brundle in an interview just before the start of the race, described the future of Formula One in the United States and the future of Michelin in the sport as "not good". He also said that the "incident's not the fault of the teams, to be honest with you."[28]

The race was labelled a farce, and David Coulthard said, "It throws into doubt the future of the race in US".[10] Associated Press writer Stephen Wade pointed to the boycott as an extension of previous disagreements between the teams and Max Mosley, which had led to the threatened creation of a rival series as an alternative to Formula One.[29] The Guardian's Richard Williams considered the prior disputes a factor in the failure to reach a compromise and felt that the events at this race had increased the risk of a complete rupture.[19]

Minardi boss Paul Stoddart said immediately after the race that nine teams – all but Ferrari – agreed not to race, and had Jordan not reversed its decision at the last minute, Minardi would also have boycotted the race.[30] In his later, lengthier, statement, he indicated that although it had been Michelin's failure to provide a reliable tyre which had initiated the events, he laid the full blame for the failure to reach some accommodation (which would have allowed a race to happen, for the benefit of the many fans who had paid considerable money for travel and tickets) at the feet of Max Mosley and the FIA, with a small share of the blame going to what he characterized as the obstructionist Ferrari team leader, Jean Todt. He furthermore called for Mosley's resignation.[31]

FIA's reaction

The following day, the FIA published a justification of its refusal to permit a change in tyres or the installation of a chicane.[32] The FIA also summoned the seven Michelin-shod teams before the World Motorsport Council at their headquarters in France, for a hearing on June 29, to explain their failure to participate, by which they had presumably violated the terms of the Concorde Agreement.[33] It later published copies of the letters sent to each team "in the interests of transparency".[34] They were charged with violating article 151c of the International Sporting Code, which refers to acts prejudicial to the interests of competition or motorsport generally.[35] Specifically, it was charged that they had:

On June 22 the FIA produced a press release from Max Mosley, in the form of a question-and-answer session, in an effort to clarify the FIA's stand on the controversy.[36] In it Mosley drew an analogy to a hypothetical situation where the engines from one manufacturer had oil starvation problems due to high lateral loading in one corner, and pointed out that those cars would simply have been forced to run slower as a result. He reiterated that the reason for not installing the chicane was purely that it had never been tested and was thereby deemed unsafe. He pointed out that the alternatives that the FIA suggested were feasible, and wondered why the teams did not use the pitlane as an alternative, especially when, with only six Bridgestone cars, the Michelin teams could still compete for the points scoring seventh and eighth places.[37]

On June 29 the FIA World Motorsport Council found the teams guilty on the first two counts, that is, of not being in possession of suitable tyres for the event, but with strong mitigating circumstances, and that of wrongfully refusing to allow their cars to start the race. The teams were found not guilty of the other three counts. The punishment, however, was not decided, and was not to have been announced until September 14.[38]

On July 22, the FIA World Motorsport Council voted to overturn its previous decision, and exonerated the Michelin teams of all charges. The decision was due to "evidence previously submitted to the FIA Senate",[39] rumoured to be that the Michelin teams could have faced criminal charges under Indiana state law for knowingly putting others at risk if they had raced (even if no accident actually occurred).[2]

Compensation

On June 28, Michelin announced that it would offer compensation to all race fans who had purchased tickets for the Grand Prix.[40] The company planned to issue refund cheques through the Speedway ticket office for the price of all tickets for the race by the end of September. Additionally, Michelin purchased 20,000 tickets for the 2006 United States Grand Prix to be distributed to spectators who attended the 2005 race.[41]

In addition to the refunded tickets, there was some discussion about holding a second, non-championship race at Indianapolis. On July 2, at the 2005 French Grand Prix, McLaren team principal Ron Dennis suggested that an additional race could be held at the American circuit after the last official race of the season, in Shanghai. The teams had, apparently, already discussed the idea with Bernie Ecclestone. But the next day Tony George dismissed the possibility: "There will be no race at Indianapolis Motor Speedway this fall."[42] At the 2005 Champ Car World Series Grand Prix of Cleveland, held one week after the US Grand Prix, free admission was granted to all bearers of ticket stubs of the US Grand Prix.[43]

Friday drivers

Teams that were not in the top four of the 2004 Constructors' Championship standings were entitled to run a third car in free practice on Friday.[44] These drivers drove on Friday but did not compete in qualifying or the race,[5][45][46] with the exception of Ricardo Zonta, who replaced Ralf Schumacher after his practice accident.

Constructor Nat Driver
McLaren-Mercedes Spain Pedro de la Rosa
Sauber-Petronas none
Red Bull-Cosworth United States Scott Speed
Toyota Brazil Ricardo Zonta
Jordan-Toyota Monaco Robert Doornbos
Minardi-Cosworth none

Classification

Qualifying

Jordan driver Narain Karthikeyan locking his brakes during qualifying
Pos No Driver Constructor Lap Gap
1 16 Italy Jarno Trulli Toyota 1:10.625 —
2 9 Finland Kimi Räikkönen McLaren-Mercedes 1:10.694 +0.069
3 3 United Kingdom Jenson Button BAR-Honda 1:11.277 +0.652
4 6 Italy Giancarlo Fisichella Renault 1:11.290 +0.665
5 1 Germany Michael Schumacher Ferrari 1:11.369 +0.744
6 5 Spain Fernando Alonso Renault 1:11.380 +0.755
7 2 Brazil Rubens Barrichello Ferrari 1:11.431 +0.806
8 4 Japan Takuma Sato BAR-Honda 1:11.497 +0.872
9 7 Australia Mark Webber Williams-BMW 1:11.527 +0.902
10 12 Brazil Felipe Massa Sauber-Petronas 1:11.555 +0.930
11 10 Colombia Juan Pablo Montoya McLaren-Mercedes 1:11.681 +1.056
12 11 Canada Jacques Villeneuve Sauber-Petronas 1:11.691 +1.066
13 17 Brazil Ricardo Zonta Toyota 1:11.754 +1.129
14 15 Austria Christian Klien Red Bull-Cosworth 1:12.132 +1.507
15 8 Germany Nick Heidfeld Williams-BMW 1:12.430 +1.805
16 14 United Kingdom David Coulthard Red Bull-Cosworth 1:12.682 +2.057
17 18 Portugal Tiago Monteiro Jordan-Toyota 1:13.462 +2.837
18 21 Netherlands Christijan Albers Minardi-Cosworth 1:13.632 +3.007
19 19 India Narain Karthikeyan Jordan-Toyota 1:13.776 +3.151
20 20 Austria Patrick Friesacher Minardi-Cosworth 1:14.494 +3.869
Source:[47]

Race

Pos No Driver Constructor Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
1 1 Germany Michael Schumacher Ferrari 73 1:29:43.181 5 10
2 2 Brazil Rubens Barrichello Ferrari 73 +1.522 7 8
3 18 Portugal Tiago Monteiro Jordan-Toyota 72 +1 Lap 17 6
4 19 India Narain Karthikeyan Jordan-Toyota 72 +1 Lap 19 5
5 21 Netherlands Christijan Albers Minardi-Cosworth 71 +2 Laps 18 4
6 20 Austria Patrick Friesacher Minardi-Cosworth 71 +2 Laps 20 3
DNS 16 Italy Jarno Trulli Toyota 0 Withdrew 1
DNS 9 Finland Kimi Räikkönen McLaren-Mercedes 0 Withdrew 2
DNS 3 United Kingdom Jenson Button BAR-Honda 0 Withdrew 3
DNS 6 Italy Giancarlo Fisichella Renault 0 Withdrew 4
DNS 5 Spain Fernando Alonso Renault 0 Withdrew 6
DNS 4 Japan Takuma Sato BAR-Honda 0 Withdrew 8
DNS 7 Australia Mark Webber Williams-BMW 0 Withdrew 9
DNS 12 Brazil Felipe Massa Sauber-Petronas 0 Withdrew 10
DNS 10 Colombia Juan Pablo Montoya McLaren-Mercedes 0 Withdrew 11
DNS 11 Canada Jacques Villeneuve Sauber-Petronas 0 Withdrew 12
DNS 17 Brazil Ricardo Zonta Toyota 0 Withdrew 13
DNS 15 Austria Christian Klien Red Bull-Cosworth 0 Withdrew 14
DNS 8 Germany Nick Heidfeld Williams-BMW 0 Withdrew 15
DNS 14 United Kingdom David Coulthard Red Bull-Cosworth 0 Withdrew 16
Source:[46]

Championship standings after the race

Drivers' Championship standings
Pos Driver Points
1 Spain Fernando Alonso 59
2 Finland Kimi Räikkönen 37
3 Germany Michael Schumacher 34
4 Brazil Rubens Barrichello 29
5 Italy Jarno Trulli 27
Constructors' Championship standings
Pos Constructor Points
1 France Renault 76
2 United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes 63
3 Italy Ferrari 63
4 United Kingdom Williams-BMW 47
5 Japan Toyota 47

References

  1. ↑ "Weather information for the "2005 United States Grand Prix"". The Old Farmers' Almanac. Archived from the original on 2013-07-06. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
  2. 1 2 "Michelin teams exonerated on Indy". BBC. July 22, 2005. Retrieved August 5, 2006.
  3. ↑ "Schumacher claims farcical US win". BBC. June 19, 2005. Retrieved October 28, 2007.
  4. ↑ ""'Indygate' lawsuit dismissed"". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-03-25.. ITV. June 17, 2006. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 Fryer, Jenna (June 19, 2005). "Trulli wins pole for F1 United States Grand Prix". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  6. ↑ "Toyota: Zonta had similar tyre problem to Ralf.". Crash.net. June 18, 2005. Retrieved December 2, 2006.
  7. ↑ "Michelin: Tyres not flawed, just unsuitable.". Crash.net. June 27, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  8. ↑ ""Michelin looking to fly in new tyres"". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-08-10.. ITV. June 18, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Stoddart comments on US Grand Prix". Motorsport.com. June 23, 2005. Retrieved August 5, 2006.
  10. 1 2 3 Garside, Kevin (June 20, 2005).""Day of shame for F1"". Archived from the original on 2007-11-03. Retrieved 2015-02-20. . The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  11. ↑ "Letters between representatives of Michelin and Charlie Whiting, the FIA Formula One Race Director". NewsonF1.net. June 19, 2005. Retrieved August 5, 2006.
  12. ↑ "Further correspondence between representatives of Michelin in Indianapolis and the FIA Formula One Race Director". NewsonF1.net. June 19, 2005. Retrieved August 5, 2006.
  13. ↑ ""Todt: Chicane plan was 'ridiculous'"". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2005-06-23.. ITV. June 21, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Nine of ten teams had planned for non-FIA USGP.". Crash.net. June 22, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  15. ↑ "FIA denies Stoddart claim". Grandprix.com. June 22, 2005. Retrieved August 5, 2006.
  16. 1 2 3 "Schumacher underwhelmed with USGP victory.". Crash.net. June 19, 2005. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
  17. ↑ Herman, Steve (June 20, 2005). "Fans outraged by depleted U.S. Grand Prix field". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  18. 1 2 3 Holt, Sarah (November 8, 2012). "The strangest race in Formula One history?". CNN. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
  19. 1 2 Williams, Richard (June 20, 2005). "Motor Racing: United States grand prix: The last vestiges of credibility are lost in a volley of beer cans and boos". The Guardian: p. 5.
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  21. 1 2 Caldwell, Dave (June 20, 2005). "U.S. Grand Prix Never Gets Into Gear". The New York Times. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
  22. 1 2 3 ""Race analysis – Ferrari's hollow victory"". Archived from the original on 2005-06-22. Retrieved 2012-12-16.. Formula One. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
  23. ↑ "Motorsport – Tyre controversy leaves Formula One in disarray". The News Letter. June 20, 2005. p. 38.
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  31. ↑ "Stoddart: What really happened at Indy ...". Crash.net. June 22, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  32. ↑ ""2005 United States Grand Prix"". Archived from the original on 2006-04-27. Retrieved 2005-06-20.. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. June 20, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  33. ↑ ""FIA World Motorsport Council"". Archived from the original on 2006-03-14. Retrieved 2005-06-20.. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. June 20, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  34. ↑ "United States Grand Prix – World Motor Sport Council". NewsonF1.net. June 21, 2005. Retrieved August 5, 2006.
  35. ↑ ""FIA charges Michelin teams"". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2005-06-23.. ITV. June 22, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  36. ↑ "Mosley comments on US Grand Prix". Motorsport.com. June 23, 2005. Retrieved August 5, 2006.
  37. ↑ "Questions to Max Mosley – the US Grand Prix". Formula One. June 23, 2005. Retrieved December 24, 2012. Archived December 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  38. ↑ ""World Motor Sport Council Hearing of the Michelin Formula One teams decision"". Archived from the original on 2006-07-10. Retrieved 2005-06-29.. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. June 29, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  39. ↑ ""FIA World Motor Sport Council decision"". Archived from the original on 2006-03-14. Retrieved 2005-07-22.. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. July 22, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  40. ↑ Caldwell, Dave (June 29, 2005). "Michelin Offers Refunds to U.S. Grand Prix Fans". The New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  41. ↑ "Michelin and Indianapolis reveal refund details". Formula One. July 15, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2013. Archived December 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
  42. ↑ "Tony George says "No"". Grandprix.com. July 3, 2005. Retrieved December 7, 2006.
  43. ↑ "Champ Car to honour US GP tickets in Cleveland.". Crash.net. June 20, 2005. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  44. ↑ "McLaren will run third car in 2005". Formula One. January 25, 2005. Retrieved December 19, 2012. Archived March 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  45. ↑ ""2005 United States Grand Prix: Fri Prac 2"". Archived from the original on 2005-08-06. Retrieved 2012-12-19.. Formula One. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  46. 1 2 ""2005 FORMULA 1™ United States Grand Prix - Race"". Archived from the original on 2005-08-06. Retrieved 2012-12-19.. Formula One. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
  47. ↑ ""2005 FORMULA 1™ United States Grand Prix - Qualifying"". Archived from the original on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2015-12-27.. Formula One. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
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Coordinates: 39°47′42″N 86°14′05″W / 39.79500°N 86.23472°W / 39.79500; -86.23472

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