1st millennium BC
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Centuries: |
The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of many successive empires, and spanned from 1000 BC to 1 BC.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire develops, followed by the Achaemenids. In Greece, Classical Antiquity begins with the colonization of Magna Graecia and peaks with the rise of Hellenism. The close of the millennium sees the rise of the Roman Empire. In South Asia, the Vedic civilization blends into the Maurya Empire. The early Celts dominate Central Europe while Northern Europe is in the Pre-Roman Iron Age. The Scythians dominate Central Asia. In China, the Spring and Autumn period sees the rise of Confucianism. Towards the close of the millennium, the Han Dynasty extends Chinese power towards Central Asia, where it borders on Indo-Greek and Iranian states. Yayoi period in Japanese islands. The Maya civilization rises in Central America, while in Africa, Ancient Egypt begins its decline, rise of the Nubian Empire, and Aksum's birth. The religions of Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism (Vedic religion and Vedanta), Jainism and Buddhism develop. Graeco-Roman Europe, India and China see the rise of literature.
World population greatly increases in the course of the millennium, reaching some 170 to 400 million people at its close depending on the estimates used.
Events
The events in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme
Africa | America | Asia | Europe | Oceania | |
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10th century BC | 1000 BC rise of Nok culture 1000 BC decline of Tichit -Walata 1000 Beginning of East/South Bantu expansion |
1000 BC rise of Chavín de Huántar in Peru[1] 1000 BC Settlement of Poverty Point, Louisiana reached its height[1] |
c. 1000 BC Israelites capture Jerusalem 967 BC Solomon anointed king of Israel 925 BC Judah secedes from Israel, Shoshenq I invades Canaan |
1000 BC Helladic period ended in Ancient Greece | |
9th century BC | 872 BC Nile floods the Temple of Luxor 836 BC Civil war in Egypt 814 BC Carthage founded |
900 BC La Venta replaces San Lorenzo (Olmec)[1] 900 BC Rise of Tres Zapotes 850 BC Rise of Zapotec civilization in Mexico[1] |
841 BC to 828 BC Gonghe Regency | 863 BC Bath founded | |
8th century BC | 740 BC Kushite Piye begins reign 727 BC Kush conquers Egypt, 25 dynasty 701 BC Kushites repels Assyrians from Jerusalem |
800 BC Kaminaljuyu established (Maya) 800 BC Rise of Adena culture in Ohio[1] 800 BC Beginning of corn cultivation on Amazon flood plain[1] |
771 BC Spring and Autumn period
738 BC Assyria invades Israel |
800 BC rise of Etruscan civilization 776 BC first Olympiad 753 BC Rome founded |
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7th century BC | 700 BC Pre-Aksumite 674 BC Taharqa defeats Assyrian invasion 671 BC Kushites expelled from Egypt by Assyrians |
700 BC Poverty Point (Louisiana) abandoned[1] 700 BC Many temple centres abandoned on coast of Peru[1] |
700 BC Upanishads written 631 BC End of the Assyrian Empire |
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6th century BC | 592 BC Psamtik II sack Napata 600 BC Iron making around Great Lakes region c. 600 BC, Nok culture iron smelting |
600 BC Rise of Paracas culture (Peru)[1] 600 BC writing system appears in Mexico 600 BC Ball courts appear in Olmec centres[1] |
576 BC Babylon exiles Israel 539 BC Persians conquer Babylon |
509 BC Roman Republic established | |
5th century BC | 500 BC Trans-saharan trade in full bloom from Morocco to Senegal River 500 BC Meroe becomes center of iron production 500 BC Development of Ge'ez alphabet |
500 BC Northwest Coast native peoples begin to flourish[1] 500 BC Hieroglyphic inscriptions produced in Zapotec centre of Monte Albán[1] 450 BC Mound building in eastern North America[1] |
479 BC Confucius dies
476 BC Beginning of Warring States period |
490 BC Battle of Marathon 480 BC Battle of Thermopylae 431 BC Peloponnesian War |
500 BC Austronesian peoples settle Western Polynesia |
4th century BC | 343 BC Persia conquers Egypt 338 Khabash revolts against Persian occupation 332 BC Alexander conquers Egypt |
400 BC Emergence of Moche civilisation in Peru[1] 350 BC Beginnings of Nasca culture in southern Peru 350 BC Inca metal work[1] |
334 BC Greece conquers Persia 321 BC Rise of the Mauryan Empire |
395 BC Corinthian War | |
3rd century BC | 300 BC Tifinagh script developed 300 BC Meroe becomes capital of Kush 202 BC Battle of Zama |
250 BC First Mayan hieroglyphics 300 BC The double-spout-and-bridge bottle becomes widespread[1] 250 BC Grave Creek Mound built in West Virginia |
221 BC Qin Unified China | 264 BC First Punic War 218 BC Second Punic War |
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2nd century BC | 200 BC Djenné settled 200 BC Meroitic script in completed form 146 BC Carthage final defeat, Roman province of Africa |
200 BC Zapotec state develops in Mexico[1] 200 BC Great temple complex declines at Chavín de Huántar, Peru[1] 200 BC Elite Calima culture burials with rich grave-goods deposited in Malagana, Colombia[1] |
185 BC Fall of the Maurya Empire
136 BC to 124 BC Confucianism became the state ideology of China |
149 BC Third Punic War 146 BC Battle of Corinth |
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1st century BC | 100 BC Aksum develops its Indian, Red Sea trade links 31 BC Rome conquers Egypt 20 BC Meroites thwart Roman conquest |
100 BC Rise of the Hopewell exchange system along the Mississippi[2] 100 BC Rise of Teotihuacán in Mexico[2] 50 BC Rise of the Iputiak in Alaska[2] |
91 BC Records of the Grand Historian finished | 31 BC Battle of Actium
58-50 BC Gallic Wars |
Significant people
The people in this section are organized according to the United Nations geoscheme
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Technology | Communication | Math and Science | Agriculture | Transportation | Warfare |
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Cultural landmarks
- The Axial Age (8th century BC—2nd century BC), according to the theory of Karl Jaspers.
- Qin built and unified various sections of the Great Wall of China.
- Qin built Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum guarded by the life-sized Terracotta Army.
- Late 3rd century BC or 2nd century BC—Veiled and masked dancer is made. It is now kept at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Centuries and decades
See also
Notes
Bibliography
- Temple, Robert (1986). The Genius of China: 3000 years of science, discovery and invention. New York: Simon and SchusterBased on the works of Joseph Needham
- Zimmer, Heinrich (1952), Joseph Campbell, ed., Philosophy of India, London, E.C. 4: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd,
Not in copyright
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 "World Timeline of the Americas 1000 BC - AD 200". The British Museum. 2005. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
- 1 2 3 "World Timeline of the Americas 200 BC - AD 600". The British Museum. 2005. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
- 1 2 Zimmer 1952, p. 182-183.
- ↑ Temple 1986
- ↑ Temple 1986, pp. 15
- ↑ No Other Gods: Emergent Monotheism in Israel
- ↑ Zoroastrianism
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Who Built it First". Ancient Discoveries. A&E Television Networks. 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-05-13. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
- ↑ Temple 1986