19th New Zealand Parliament
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The 19th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It opened on 24 June 1915, following the 1914 election. It was dissolved on 27 November 1919 in preparation for 1919 election.
Sessions
The 19th Parliament opened on 24 June 1915, following the 1914 general election. It sat for six sessions (with two sessions in 1918), and was dissolved on 27 November 1919.[1]
| Session | Opened | Ended | Prorogued |
|---|---|---|---|
| first | 24 June 1915 | 12 October 1891 | 15 October 1891 |
| second | 9 May 1916 | 8 August 1916 | 9 August 1916 |
| third | 28 June 1917 | 1 November 1917 | 2 November 1917 |
| fourth | 9 April 1918 | 15 April 1918 | 17 April 1918 |
| fifth | 24 October 1918 | 9 December 1918 | 12 December 1918 |
| sixth | 28 August 1919 | 5 November 1919 | 7 November 1919 |
Historical context
The 19th Parliament was the second term of the Reform Party government, which had been elected in the 1911 election. William Massey, the leader of the Reform Party, remained Prime Minister.[2] The Liberal Party, led by former Prime Minister Joseph Ward, was technically the main opposition party, although for the majority of the term, the Liberals were part of a war-time coalition with Reform. Two small left-wing parties, the Social Democratic Party and the loosely grouped remnants of the United Labour Party, also held seats, and there was one left-wing independent (John Payne). During the 19th Parliament, the Social Democrats and most of the United Labour Party merged to form the modern Labour Party.
Party standings
There were 616,043 electors on the European roll, with 521,525 (84.66%) voting, including 5,618 informal votes.[3] Turnout including Maori voters was 540,075. The following table shows votes at and party strengths immediately after the 1914 election:
1914–1916
| Party | Leader(s) | Seats at start | |
| Reform Party | William Massey | 40 | |
| Liberal Party | Joseph Ward | 34 | |
| United Labour Party | Alfred Hindmarsh | 3 | |
| Social Democrat Party | James McCombs | 2 | |
| Independents | 1 | ||
1916–1919
| Party | Leader(s) | Seats at end | |
| Reform Party | William Massey | 39 | |
| Liberal Party | Joseph Ward | 34 | |
| Labour Party | Alfred Hindmarsh, then Harry Holland | 5 | |
| Independents | 2 | ||
Members
Initial MPs
76 general and 4 Māori electorates existed for the 19th Parliament. The following are the results of the 1914 general election:
Key
Liberal Reform United Labour Social Democrat Independent Labour Independent
By-elections during the 19th Parliament
There were a number of changes during the term of the 19th Parliament.
| Electorate and by-election | Date | Incumbent | Cause | Winner | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dunedin Central | 1915 | 3 February | Charles Statham | Resignation | Charles Statham | ||
| Bay of Islands | 1915 | 8 June | Vernon Reed | Election declared void[8] | William Stewart | ||
| Taumarunui | 1915 | 15 June | William Jennings | Election declared void[9] | William Jennings | ||
| Pahiatua | 1916 | 17 August | James Escott | Death | Harold Smith | ||
| Hawke's Bay | 1917 | 8 March | Robert McNab | Death | John Findlay | ||
| Bay of Islands | 1917 | 17 March | William Stewart | Resignation | Vernon Reed | ||
| Grey | 1917 | 24 November | Paddy Webb | Resignation | Paddy Webb | ||
| Wellington North | 1918 | 12 February | Alexander Herdman | Resignation | John Luke | ||
| Southern Maori | 1918 | 21 February | Taare Parata | Death | Hopere Uru | ||
| Grey | 1918 | 29 May | Paddy Webb | Imprisonment | Harry Holland | ||
| Wellington Central | 1918 | 3 October | Robert Fletcher | Death | Peter Fraser | ||
| Taranaki | 1918 | 10 October | Henry Okey | Death | Sydney Smith | ||
| Palmerston | 1918 | 19 December | David Buick | Death | Jimmy Nash | ||
| Wellington South | 1918 | 19 December | Alfred Hindmarsh | Death | Bob Semple | ||
Summary of changes
Party changes
- Thomas Rhodes, the Liberal Party MP for Thames, changed affiliation to the Reform Party in 1915.
- The Social Democratic Party and the loose United Labour Party grouping merged to form the modern Labour Party on 7 July 1916. One ULP member, Bill Veitch, rejected the merger, and carried on as an independent.
Deaths
- James Escott (Reform, Pahiatua) died on 28 July 1916.
- Pahiatua by-election, 1916 — won by Harold Smith (Reform)
- Robert McNab (Liberal, Hawkes Bay) died on 3 February 1917.
- Hawkes Bay by-election, 1917 — won by John Findlay (Liberal)
- Taare Parata (Liberal, Southern Maori) died on 8 January 1918.
- Southern Maori by-election, 1918 — won by Hopere Uru (Independent)
- Robert Fletcher (Liberal, Wellington Central) died on 4 September 1918.
- Wellington Central by-election, 1918 — won by Peter Fraser (Labour)
- Henry Okey (Reform, Taranaki) died on 13 September 1918
- Taranaki by-election, 1918 — won by Sydney Smith (Independent aligned with Liberals)
- Alfred Hindmarsh (Labour, Wellington South) died on 13 November 1918.
- Wellington South by-election, 1918 — won by Bob Semple (Labour)
- David Buick (Reform, Palmerston) died on 18 November 1918.
- Palmerston by-election, 1918 — won by Jimmy Nash (Reform)
- James Colvin (Liberal, Buller) died on 29 October 1919.
- Seat remained vacant, as it was only two months until the general election.
Resignations
- William Stewart (Reform, Bay of Islands) resigned in March 1917. Stewart won the seat in a by-election when the victory of another Reform candidate, Vernon Reed, had been overturned, and Stewart's resignation opened the way for Reed to return via another by-election.
- Bay of Islands by-election, 1915 — won by William Stewart (Reform)
- Bay of Islands by-election, 1917 — won by Vernon Reed (Reform)
- Paddy Webb (Labour, Grey) resigned in November 1917. He then challenged the government to fight the resulting by-election on the issue of conscription, which Webb opposed. The government declined the challenge, and did not contest the by-election.
- Grey by-election, 1917 — won by Paddy Webb (Labour)
- Alexander Herdman (Reform, Wellington North) resigned in February 1918. Herdman, as Attorney-General, had just appointed himself to a judicial position, and was resigning in order to take up this role.
- Wellington North by-election, 1918 — won by John Luke (Reform)
Expulsions
- William Thomas Jennings (Liberal Party, Taumarunui) lost his seat in May 1915 when his election the previous year was declared void.
- Taumarunui by-election, 1915 — won by William Thomas Jennings (Liberal)
- Vernon Reed (Reform, Bay of Islands) lost his seat in May 1915 when his election the previous year was declared void. (His successor later resigned, allowing Reed to reclaim the seat).
- Bay of Islands by-election, 1915 — won by William Stewart (Reform)
- Paddy Webb (Labour, Grey) lost his seat in April 1918, having been jailed for refusing military service. (He had previously fought and won a by-election on the issue).
- Grey by-election, 1918 — won by Harry Holland (Labour)
Notes
- ↑ Wilson 1985, pp. 138, 141.
- ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 58.
- ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 286.
- ↑ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- ↑ "General Election". The Press. L (15116). 4 November 1914. p. 7. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ↑ "Mr. H.C. Tewsley". Observer. XXXV (14). 12 December 1914. p. 15. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ↑ "Labour's Candidates". Maoriland Worker. 12 (299). 22 November 1922. p. 12. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ↑ "Election void, Vernon Reed disqualified for a year". Colonist. LVII (13773). 10 May 1915. p. 4. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ↑ "Mr Jennings Unseated for Taumarunui". Ashburton Guardian. XXXV (9140). 14 May 1915. p. 4. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
References
- Gustafson, Barry (1980). Labour's path to political independence: The Origins and Establishment of the New Zealand Labour Party, 1900–19. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. ISBN 0-19-647986-X.
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.