1986 Commonwealth Games

13th Commonwealth Games
Host city Edinburgh, Scotland
Nations participating 27 nations of the Commonwealth
Athletes participating 1,660
Events 161 events in 10 sports
Opening ceremony 24 July 1986
Closing ceremony 2 August 1986
Officially opened by Elizabeth II
Queen's Baton Final Runner Allan Wells
Main venue Meadowbank Stadium
<  XII XIV  >

The 1986 Commonwealth Games (Scottish: Geamannan a 'Cho-fhlaitheis 1986) were held in Edinburgh, Scotland, between 24 July and 2 August 1986. They were the second Games to be held in Edinburgh.

Organisation

Unlike the 1970 Games in Edinburgh, which were popular and successful, the 1986 Games are ill-famed for the wide political boycott connected with them and the resulting financial mismanagement.[1]

Boycott

1986 Commonwealth Games boycotting countries dark red

The majority of Commonwealth nations staged a boycott, so that the Games appeared to be a whites-only event. Thirty two of the eligible fifty nine countries—largely African, Asian and Caribbean states—stayed away because of the Thatcher government's policy of keeping Britain's sporting links with apartheid South Africa in preference to participating in the general sporting boycott of that country. Consequently, Edinburgh 1986 witnessed the lowest number of athletes since Auckland 1950.[2] Bermuda was a particularly late withdrawal, as its athletes appeared in the opening ceremony and in the opening day of competition before the Bermuda Olympic Association decided to formally withdraw.[3]

Boycotting nations

Controversies

Further controversy arose when it was revealed that through this much-reduced participation and the resultant decline in anticipated broadcasting and sponsorship revenues, the Organising Committee was facing a big financial black hole. The boycott ended any prospect of securing emergency government assistance. Businessman Robert Maxwell stepped in to offer funding, taking over as chairman; but although he promised to invest £2m, his contribution was just £250,000. On a budget of £14m, the Games opened with a deficit of £3m, which later grew to £4.3m, and instead of putting enough money into the event to save it, the new chairman of the Games asked creditors to forgo half the payment due to them to keep the event out of liquidation. The debt was finally paid off in 1989, with the city of Edinburgh losing approximately £500,000.[5]

Several participants were excluded because they breached the amateurism rules, most notably lawn bowlers Phil Skoglund from New Zealand and Willie Wood from Scotland, both of whom have competed in subsequent games.

Participating teams

Participating countries

27 teams were represented at the 1986 Games.
(Teams competing for the first time are shown in bold).

Opening ceremony

The theme of the opening ceremony celebrated the "Spirit of Youth" and included 6500 Scottish schoolchildren taking part in a series of large Mass Games-style Gymnastics routines. The theme song "Spirit of Youth" was written by Gerard Kenny. The ceremony began on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle from which hundreds of schoolchildren ran down the Royal Mile, through Holyrood Park to Meadowbank Stadium.[7]

Venues

Medals by country

 Rank  Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1  England 52 43 49 144
2  Canada 51 34 31 116
3  Australia 40 46 35 121
4  New Zealand 8 16 14 38
5  Wales 6 5 12 23
6  Scotland 3 12 18 33
7  Northern Ireland 2 4 9 15
8  Isle of Man 1 0 0 1
9  Guernsey 0 2 0 2
10  Swaziland 0 1 0 1
11  Hong Kong 0 0 3 3
12  Malawi 0 0 2 2
13  Botswana 0 0 1 1
 Jersey 0 0 1 1
 Singapore 0 0 1 1
Total 163 163 176 502

Medals by event

Aquatics

Athletics

Badminton

Bowls

Boxing

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Light Flyweight Scott Olson (CAN) Mark Epton (ENG) Johnston Todd (NIR)
 Wilson Docherty (SCO)
Flyweight John Lyon (ENG) Leonard Makhanya (SWZ) Kerry Webber (WAL)
 Steve Beaupré (CAN)
Bantamweight Sean Murphy (ENG) Roy Nash (NIR) Glen Brooks (SCO)
 John Sollitoe (JER)
Featherweight Billy Downey (CAN) Peter English (ENG) Chris Carleton (NIR)
 Johnny Wallace (NZL)
Lightweight Asif Dar (CAN) Neil Haddock (WAL) Lyton Mphande (MAW)
 Joe Jacobs (ENG)
Light Welterweight Howard Grant (CAN) David Clencie (AUS) Brendan Lowe (NIR)
 Solomon Kondowe (MAW)
Welterweight Darren Dyer (ENG) John McAllister (SCO) John Shaw (CAN)
 Damien Denny (NIR)
Light Middleweight Dan Sherry (CAN) Rick Finch (AUS) Glynn Thomas (WAL)
 Alex Mullen (SCO)
Middleweight Rod Douglas (ENG) Jeff Harding (AUS) Patrick Tinney (NIR)
 George Ferrie (SCO)
Light Heavyweight Jim Moran (ENG) Harry Lawson (SCO) Brent Kosolofski (CAN)
Heavyweight James Peau (NZL) Douggie Young (SCO) Dominic D'Amico (CAN)
 Eric Cardouza (ENG)
Super Heavyweight Lennox Lewis (CAN) Aneurin Evans (WAL) James Oyebola (ENG)

Cycling

Track

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Time Trial Martin Vinnicombe (AUS)00:01:06 Gary Anderson (NZL)00:01:06 Maxwell Rainsford (AUS)00:01:07
Sprint Gary Neiwand (AUS) Alex Ongaro (CAN) Eddie Alexander (SCO)
Individual Pursuit Dean Woods (AUS)00:04:44 Colin Sturgess (ENG)00:04:51 Gary Anderson (NZL)00:04:54
Team Pursuit Australia
Glenn Clarke
Brett Dutton
Bill Hardy
Wayne McCarney
Dean Woods		00:04:27 New Zealand
Gary Anderson
Russell Clune
Stephen Swart
Andrew Whitford		00:04:34 England
Chris Boardman
Gary Colman
Rob Muzio
Jon Walshaw
Guy Rowland		overtaken
10 Miles (16 Kilometres) Scratch Wayne McCarney (AUS)00:19:41 Dean Woods (AUS)00:19:41 Gary Anderson (NZL)00:19:41

Road

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Road Race Paul Curran (ENG)04:08:50 Brian Fowler (NZL)04:08:50 Jeff Leslie (AUS)04:08:50
Team Time Trial  England
Alan Gornall
Deno Davie
Keith Reynolds
Paul Curran 		02:13:16  New Zealand
Blair Cox
Graeme Miller
Gregory Fraine
Paul Leitch 		02:14:50  Northern Ireland
Alastair Irvine
Cormac McCann
Joseph Barr
Martin Quinn 		02:16:13

Rowing

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Single sculls  England
Steve Redgrave 		00:07:28  Australia
Richard Powell 		00:07:33  New Zealand
Eric Verdonk 		00:07:39
Double sculls  Canada
Bruce Ford
Pat Walter		00:06:19  Australia
Paul Reedy
Brenton Terrell		00:06:21  England
Carl Smith
Allan Whitwell		00:06:34
Coxless pairs  England
Andy Holmes
Steve Redgrave		00:06:40  New Zealand
Barrie Mabbott
Ian Wright		00:06:43  Scotland
Ewan Stuart
David Riches		00:06:43
Coxless fours  Canada
Grant Mann
Kevin Neufeld
Paul Steele
Pat Turner		00:06:01 New Zealand
Andrew Stevenson
Shane O'Brien
Neil Gibson
Don Symon		00:06:01 England
Graham Faultless
Richard Ireland
Mostyn Field
Humphrey Hatton		00:06:06
Coxed fours  England
Martin Cross
Adam Clift
Andy Holmes
Steve Redgrave
Adrian Ellison		00:06:08  New Zealand
Nigel Atherfold
Chris White
Greg Johnston
Bruce Holden
Andrew Bird		00:06:10  Australia
Mark Doyle
James Galloway
Michael McKay
James Tomkins
Dale Caterson		00:06:11
Eights Australia
Ion Popa		 00:05:44 England00:05:46 New Zealand
Mike Burrell[8]
Neil Gibson[9]
Barrie Mabbott[10]
Shane O'Brien[11]
Andrew Stevenson[12]
Don Symon[13]
Carl Vincent[14]
Ian Wright[15]
Andy Hay (cox)[16]		 00:05:48
Lightweight single sculls  Australia
Peter Antonie 		00:07:16  Canada
Peter Tattersall 		00:07:27  England
Carl Smith 		00:07:27
Lightweight coxless fours England
Christopher Bates
Peter Haining
Neil Staite
Stuart Forbes		00:06:26 Australia
Simon Cook
Brian Digby
Merrick Howes
Joseph Joyce		00:06:28 Canada
Dave Henry
Brian Peaker
Bob Thomas
Ryan Tierney		00:06:36
Women
Single sculls  New Zealand
Stephanie Foster 		00:07:43  Canada
Lisa Wright 		00:07:49  England
Gillian Bond 		00:07:53
Double sculls New Zealand
Stephanie Foster
Robin Clarke		00:07:22  Canada
Heather Clarke
Lisa Robertson		00:07:49 England
Diane Prince
Claire Parker		00:07:55
Coxless pairs Canada
Kathryn Barr
Andrea Schreiner		00:07:35 England
Pauline Bird
Fiona Johnson		00:07:42 Australia
Catherine Hall
Alison Smith		00:07:53
Coxed fours Canada
Tina Clarke
Tricia Smith
Lesley Thompson
Jane Tregunno
Jenny Wallinga		00:06:50  Australia
Debbie Bassett
Susan Chapman-Popa
Robyn Grey-Gardner
Marilyn Kidd
Kaylynn Fry		00:06:54  England
Joanne Gough
Ann Callaway
Kate Holroyd
Patricia Reid
Alison Norrish		00:07:06
Eights Australia00:06:44 England00:06:46 CanadaNTT
Lightweight single sculls  Australia
Adair Ferguson 		00:07:45  New Zealand
Philippa Baker 		00:07:46  Canada
Heather Hattin 		00:07:52
Lightweight coxless fours England
Alexa Forbes
Gillian Hodges
Linda Clark
Judith Burne		00:06:55 Australia
Deborah Clingeleffer
Amanda Cross
Virginia Lee
Karin Riedel		00:07:00 Canada
Anne Drost
Marni Hamilton
Marlene van der Horst
Wendy Wiebe		00:07:01

Shooting

Pistol

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men/Open
Free Pistol  Greg Yelavich (NZL)551 Phil Adams (AUS)
 Ho Kar Fai (HKG)		549
Free Pistol – Pairs  Canada
Tom Guinn
Claude Beaulieu		1099  England
Paul Leatherdale
Richard Wang		1090  Australia
Phil Adams
Bengt Sandström		1085
Centre-Fire Pistol Bob Northover (ENG)583 Phil Adams (AUS)582 Rod Hack (AUS)580
Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs Australia
Phil Adams
Rod Hack		1165 England
Bob Northover
Michael Cutler		1157 New Zealand
Rex Hamilton
Barry O'Neale		1153
Rapid-Fire Pistol Pat Murray (AUS)591 Adrian Breton (GGY)588 Mark Howkins (CAN)585
Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs England
Brian Girling
Terry Turner		1169 Australia
Pat Murray
Jack Mast		1152 Canada
Mark Howkins
André Chevrefils		1150
Air Pistol Greg Yelavich (NZL)575 Tom Guinn (CAN)574 Gilbert U (HKG)574
Air Pistol – Pairs  England
Paul Leatherdale
Ian Reid		1143  Australia
Phil Adams
Bruce Favell		1143  New Zealand
Greg Yelavich
Barrie Wickens		1140

Rifle

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men/Open
Small Bore Rifle, Prone Alan Smith (AUS)599 Alister Allan (SCO)598 Gale Stewart (CAN)
 John Knowles (SCO)		597
Small Bore Rifle, Prone – Pairs  Canada
Michael Ashcroft
Gale Stewart		1175  Australia
Donald Brook
Alan Smith		1171  Wales
Terry Wakefield
Colin Harris		1165
Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions Malcolm Cooper (ENG)1170 Alister Allan (SCO)1167 Jean-François Sénécal (CAN)1150
Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions – Pairs England
Malcolm Cooper
Sarah Cooper		2278  Canada
Jean-François Sénécal
Michael Dion		2276  Scotland
Alister Allan
Bill MacNeill		2241
Full Bore Rifle Stan Golinski (AUS)396 Alain Marion (CAN)396 John Bloomfield (ENG)395
Full Bore Rifle – Pairs Canada
Bill Baldwin
Alain Marion		583 Australia
James Corbett
Stan Golinski		583 Northern Ireland
David Calvert
Martin Millar		582
Air Rifle Guy Lorion (CAN)588 Sharon Bowes (CAN)583 Malcolm Cooper (ENG)582
Air Rifle – Pairs  Canada
Guy Lorion
Sharon Bowes		1167  Australia
Wolfgang Jobst
Anton Wurfel		1151  England
Malcolm Cooper
Robert Smith		1146

Shotgun

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men/Open
Trap Ian Peel (ENG)195 Peter Boden (ENG)192 Roland Phillips (WAL)192
Trap – Pairs  England
Peter Boden
Ian Peel		185  Northern Ireland
Tom Hewitt
Eamon Furphy		183  Australia
Terry Rumbel
Domingo Diaz		183
Skeet  Nigel Kelly (IOM)196 Joe Neville (ENG)
 Brian Gabriel (CAN)		195
Skeet – Pairs  England
Joe Neville
Ken Harman		195  Canada
Brian Gabriel
Don Kwasyncia		193  New Zealand
John Woolley
Jeff Farrell		189

Weightlifting

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Flyweight – Overall Greg Hayman (AUS)212.5 Charlie Revolta (SCO)185 Alan Ogilvie (SCO)177.5
Bantamweight – Overall Nick Voukelatos (AUS)245 Clayton Chelley (NZL)217.5 Teo Yong Joo (SIN)215
Featherweight – Overall Ray Williams (WAL)252.5 David Lowenstein (AUS)250 Jeffrey Brice (WAL)235
Lightweight – Overall Dean Willey (ENG)315 Ron Laycock (AUS)307.5 Langis Côté (CAN)290
Middleweight – Overall Bill Stellios (AUS)302.5 Louis Payer (CAN)300 Neil Taylor (WAL)270
Light Heavyweight – Overall Dave Morgan (WAL)350 Robert Kabbas (AUS)325 Peter May (ENG)317.5
Middle Heavyweight – Overall Keith Boxell (ENG)350 David Mercer (ENG)342.5 Guy Greavette (CAN)340
Sub Heavyweight – Overall Denis Garon (CAN)360 Duncan Dawkins (ENG)332.5 Andrew Saxton (ENG)327.5
Heavyweight – Overall Kevin Roy (CAN)375 Gino Frantangelo (AUS)372.5 Andrew Davies (WAL)370
Super Heavyweight – Overall Dean Lukin (AUS)392.5 David Bolduc (CAN)347.5 Charles Garzarella (AUS)342.5

Wrestling

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men
Light Flyweight Ron Moncur (CAN) Duncan Burns (ENG) David Connelly (SCO)
Flyweight Chris Woodcroft (CAN) James McAlary (AUS) Nigel Donahue (ENG)
Bantamweight Mitch Ostberg (CAN) Steve Reinsfield (NZL) Brian Aspen (ENG)
Featherweight Paul Hughes (CAN) Dan Cumming (AUS) Stephen Bell (NZL)
Lightweight Dave McKay (CAN) Zsigmund Kelevitz (AUS) Stephen Cooper (ENG)
Welterweight Gary Holmes (CAN) George Marsh (AUS) Fitzlloyd Walker (ENG)
Middleweight Chris Rinke (CAN) Wally Koenig (AUS) Anthony Bell (ENG)
Light Heavyweight Noel Loban (ENG) Doug Cox (CAN) Graeme English (SCO)
Heavyweight Clark Davis (CAN) Robert Algie (NZL) David Kilpin (ENG)
Super Heavyweight Wayne Brightwell (CAN) Albert Patrick (SCO) Keith Peache (ENG)

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The forgotten story of … Robert Maxwell’s 1986 Commonwealth Games | Sport | theguardian.com". theguardian.com. Retrieved 2014-07-28.
  2. ↑ "Scottish independence referendum will increase interest in Glasgow 2014, it is claimed | Glasgow 2014". insidethegames.biz. 29 February 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
  3. ↑ Fraser, Graham (2014-04-25). Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 2014-11-02.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 "8 More Nations Join Boycott of Commonwealth Games; Total Now 23". Los Angeles Times.
  5. ↑ "Glasgow makes final call for 2014 Games - Athletics - Scotsman.com". News.scotsman.com. 9 May 2007. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
  6. ↑ Fraser, Graham (2014-04-25). Glasgow 2014: The Bermuda boycott of 1986 that still hurts. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 2015-08-19.
  7. ↑ "Power From Within - Commonwealth Games 1986 Opening Ceremony - YouTube". youtube.com. Retrieved 2014-07-28.
  8. ↑ "Mike Burrell". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  9. ↑ "Neil Gibson". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  10. ↑ "Barrie Mabbott". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  11. ↑ "Shane O'Brien". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  12. ↑ "Andrew Stevenson". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  13. ↑ "Don Symon". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  14. ↑ "Carl Vincent". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  15. ↑ "Ian Wright". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
  16. ↑ "Andrew Hay". New Zealand Olympic Committee. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
Preceded by
Brisbane		 Commonwealth Games
Edinburgh
XIII Commonwealth Games 		Succeeded by
Auckland
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