1963 Ankara mid-air collision

Middle East Airlines Flight 265
Turkish Air Force C-47
Accident summary
Date 1 February 1963 (1963-02-01)
Summary Mid-air collision
Site Ankara, Turkey
Total fatalities 104 (including 87 on the ground)
Total survivors 0 (from aircraft occupants)
First aircraft
An aeroplane witn four propeller engines

A Vickers Viscount similar to the accident aircraft
Type Vickers 754D Viscount
Operator Middle East Airlines
Registration OD-ADE
Flight origin Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport
Stopover Nicosia International Airport
Destination Esenboğa International Airport
Passengers 11
Crew 3
Fatalities 14 (all)
Second aircraft

A Douglas C-47 Skytrain similar to the accident aircraft
Type Douglas C-47 Skytrain
Operator Turkish Air Force
Registration CBK28
Flight origin Etimesgut Air Base
Destination Etimesgut Air Base
Crew 3
Fatalities 3 (all)

The 1963 Ankara mid-air collision occurred on Friday, 1 February, 1963 over Ankara, Turkey when Middle East Airlines Flight 265, a Vickers 754D Viscount completing the flight from Cyprus, came in for landing and collided in the air with a Turkish Air Force Douglas C-47A; after which both planes fell directly to the city below them. In total, 104 people died in the accident, including 87 on the ground.[1]

Aircraft Involved

Vickers Viscount

Middle East Airlines flight 265 was a passenger flight en route to Ankara from Cyprus, carrying eleven passengers and three crew. The aircraft involved was a Vickers 754D Viscount, registered OD-ADE and owned by Middle East Airlines. The aircraft involved was initially registered G-APCE, ordered by the British Overseas Airways Corporation. The plane was initially planned to be transferred to one of the subsidiary airlines of BOAC - Lebanese Middle East Airlines (MEA), but in April 1957 it was decided to be sent to another — Cyprus Airways, where it was to serve the London-Cyprus route. The final assembly of the airliner did not start until 11 June, and in September it was finally finished, painted in the livery of Cyprus Airways and given the name "Buffavento". But by that time the flight from Cyprus to London was already served by British European Airways, so Cyprus Airways found it unnecessary; hence on October 31, 1957 the plane was re-registered, giving it the new registration OD-ADE and on November 24, he finally made his first flight. On December 12, OD-ADE was transferred to the initial customer — MEA. At the time of the accident, the aircraft had 13,187 flight hours and 5,515 pressurization cycles.[2][1] The crew on board the fatal flight consisted of two pilots and one stewardess:[3]

Turkish Air Force C-47

The other aircraft involved in the accident was a Douglas C-47A Skytrain serial number CBK-28, belonging to the Turkish Air Force. The aircraft was built in 1944; at the time of the accident the aircraft had 2340 flight hours.[3] The crew consisted of two pilots, (an instructor and a trainee), as well as a radio operator. The pilot-in command and instructor was 33 years old, was a pilot since May 1955 and had a total of 1,452 hours flying time on the C-47. The pilot in training was 22 years old and had a pilot's license since July 1962; he had 36 hours flying time on the C-47.[3] On the day of the accident, CBK-28 was carrying out a training flight, which departed from Etimesgut Air Base. The trainee was sitting on left and wearing blue spectacles with an orange plexiglass panel in front of him on the left side of the windshield to prevent seeing outside as part of instrument training. The supervising instructor was on the right.[4]

Accident

According to meteorological data, at 15:00 the sky over Ankara, clouds were present with a lower boundary of 3000 feet (910 m), visibility was 10-20 kilometers.[5] The flights collided over Ankara at 7,000 feet in good weather.[5]

The C-47 departed Etimesgut at 11:22 GMT; the instrument training flight flew a route southeast of the Golbashi radio beacon for lasted an hour and a half, after which the pilots headed back to Etymesgut, following visual flight rules. The flight was intended to last 1 hour and 30 minutes.[4]

Flight 265 radioed Esenboğa at 13:04 GMT to inform air traffic control it would descend from flight level 185 to 105 and would pass Golbasi at 13:07. Flight 265 was given permission to descend to 6500 feet at 13:05. Air traffic control ordered flight 265 to report when they began descent for landing at runway 03. The altimeter setting was 1015.5 mb. Flight 265 reported descending to 6,500 ft and would radio when reaching the Ankara beacon; it was descending from flight level 125 intended to radio when reaching flight level 105. At 13:07 GMT the aircraft reported altitude at flight level 100, and asked it they needed to enter a holding pattern; they had not checked in with Ankara air traffic control bout would soon. The flight was 8,000 ft over the Ankara at 13:09 and continued descent to flight level 65. Air traffic control expected to hear from the plane again but never did; the controller made multiple attempts to contact the plane starting at 13:13 but never heard from the plane again.[4]

The Viscount, flying at a heading of 283°, collided into the C-47 flying on a heading of 243°, both at 7,000 feet. It was noted that the Viscount attempted to avoid crashing by pulling up but failed.[6]

Causes

Investigation showed the aircraft collided at a 40° angle. Eyewitnesses to the collision reported that there were clouds where the planes collided. The ICAO laid blame on the Viscount pilot for: incorrectly estimating the distance between Golbasi and Ankara; failing to comply with international standards for radio communications; and failing to follow the flight plan by flying under VFR instead of planned IFR conditions.[7]

References

  1. 1 2 Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Vickers 754D Viscount OD-ADE Ankara". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
  2. ↑ "Viscount c/n 244 operational record". www.vickersviscount.net. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
  3. 1 2 3 ICAO Circular, p. 44.
  4. 1 2 3 ICAO Circular, p. 43.
  5. 1 2 ICAO Circular, p. 45.
  6. ↑ ICAO Circular, p. 47.
  7. ↑ ICAO Circular, p. 48.

Middle East Airlines Go., Viscount 754, OD-ADE and the Turkish Air Force, C-47, CBK 28, were involved in an air collision over Ankara, Turkey, on February 1, 1963 (excerpts from the Civil Aviation Department of the Turkish Ministry of Communications Of April 30, 1963). ICAO Digest No. 15. Volume I (PDF) (ICAO Circular 78-AN / 66), International Civil Aviation Organization, 1966 Montreal, p. 43-50 

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