1924 Summer Olympics

Games of the VIII Olympiad

Host city	Paris, France
Nations participating	44
Athletes participating	3,089 (2,954 men, 135 women)
Events	126 in 17 sports
Opening ceremony	4 May
Closing ceremony	27 July
Officially opened by	President Gaston Doumergue
Athlete's Oath	Géo André
Stadium	Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir
Summer:
<  Antwerp 1920 Amsterdam 1928  >
Winter:
<  Chamonix 1924 St Moritz 1928  >

The 1924 Summer Olympics (French: Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 1924), officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris, France. It was the second time Paris hosted the games, after 1900. The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids, and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Prague, and Rome. The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921.^[1]

The cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000₣. With total receipts at 5,496,610₣, the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time.^[2]

Highlights

• The opening ceremony and several sporting events took place in the Olympic Stadium of Colombes, which had a capacity of 45,000 in 1924.
• This VIII Olympiad was the last one organised under the presidency of Pierre de Coubertin.
• The "Flying Finns" dominated the long distance running, while the British and Americans dominated the shorter events. Paavo Nurmi won the 1500 m and 5,000 m (which were held with only an hour between them) and the cross country run. Ville Ritola won the 10,000 m and the 3,000 m steeplechase, while finishing second to Nurmi on the 5,000 m and cross country. Albin Stenroos won the marathon, while the Finnish team (with Nurmi and Ritola) was victorious in the 3,000 m and cross country team events.
• British runners Harold Abrahams and Eric Liddell won the 100 m and 400 m events, respectively. Their stories are depicted in the 1981 movie Chariots of Fire. In addition, Douglas Lowe won the 800 m competition.
• The marathon distance was fixed at 42.195 km (26.219 mi), from the distance run at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.
• The 1924 Olympics were the first to use the standard 50 m pool with marked lanes.
• Swimmer Johnny Weissmuller won three gold medals in swimming and one bronze in water polo.
• Harold Osborn won gold medals and set Olympic records in both the high jump and the decathlon at the 1924 Olympics. His 6' 6" high jump remained the Olympic record for 12 years, while his decathlon score of 7,710.775 points also set a world record and resulted in worldwide press coverage calling him the "world’s greatest athlete".
• Fencer Roger Ducret of France won five medals, of which three were gold.
• In gymnastics, 24 men scored a perfect 10. Twenty-three of them scored it in the now-discontinued event of rope climbing. Albert Seguin scored a 10 here and also a perfect 10 on side vault.
• Unexpectedly, the national team of Uruguay won the gold medal in football.
• The Olympic motto Citius, Altius, Fortius (Faster, Higher, Stronger) was used for the first time at the Olympics. It had been used before by the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques, a French sporting federation whose founding members included Pierre de Coubertin.^[3] De Coubertin took the motto from his friend Henri Didon, a Dominican priest who had coined during a speech before a Paris youth gathering of 1891.^[4]
• Ireland was given formal recognition as an independent nation in the Olympic Movement in Paris in 1924, and it was at these games that Ireland made its first appearance in an Olympic Games as an independent nation.
• Originally called Semaine des Sports d'Hiver ("Week of Winter Sports") and held in association with the 1924 Summer Olympics, the sports competitions held in Chamonix between 25 January and 5 February 1924 were later designated by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as the I Olympic Winter Games. (1924 Winter Olympics)
• These were the first Games to feature an Olympic Village.
• The Art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics were the first time that the Olympic Art competitions were contested seriously, with 193 entries in five categories. A total of 14 medals were awarded, though none were given in the music category.^[5]

Sports

Overall map of the Olympic venues

126 events in 23 disciplines, comprising 17 sports, were part of the Olympic program in 1924. The number of events in each discipline is noted in parentheses.

Demonstration sports

• Basque pelota
• Canoeing
• Jeu de paume
• La canne
• Savate
• Volleyball
• Baseball

Venues

Map of Olympic sites

Seventeen sports venues were used in the 1924 Summer Olympics. Stade de Colombes served as the final venue for the 1938 FIFA World Cup between Italy and Hungary.

Participating nations

Participating Countries of the 1924 Olympiad

Number of athletes

A total of 44 nations were represented at the 1924 Games. Germany was still absent, having not been invited by the Organizing Committee.^[24] China (although did not compete), Ecuador, Haiti, Ireland, Lithuania, and Uruguay attended the Olympic Games for the first time while the Philippines competed for first time in an Olympic Games as a nation though it first participated in 1900 Summer Olympic Games also in this city. Latvia and Poland attended the Summer Olympic Games for the first time (having both appeared earlier at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix).

• China, also took part in the Opening Ceremony, but its four athletes (all tennis players) withdrew from competition.^[25]

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committees

IOC	Country	Athletes
FRA	France	401
GBR	Great Britain	239
USA	United States	229
ITA	Italy	200
BEL	Belgium	172
NED	Netherlands	153
ESP	Spain	129
SWE	Sweden	108
FIN	Finland	90
DEN	Denmark	89
HUN	Hungary	89
ARG	Argentina	77
SUI	Switzerland	75
TCH	Czechoslovakia	70
CAN	Canada	65
POL	Poland	65
NOR	Norway	62
ROM	Romania	51
AUT	Austria	49
EST	Estonia	44
LAT	Latvia	41
IRL	Ireland	39
YUG	Yugoslavia	37
AUS	Australia	36
EGY	Egypt	33
TUR	Turkey	31
URU	Uruguay	31
POR	Portugal	30
RSA	South Africa	30
GRE	Greece	26
BUL	Bulgaria	24
LUX	Luxembourg	22
LTU	Lithuania	13
MEX	Mexico	13
BRA	Brazil	12
CHI	Chile	11
CUB	Cuba	9
JPN	Japan	9
HAI	Haiti	8
IND	India	7
MON	Monaco	7
ROC	Republic of China	4
NZL	New Zealand	4
ECU	Ecuador	3
PHI	Philippines	1
Total	3,089

Medal count

These are the top ten nations that won medals the 1924 Games.

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States	45	27	27	99
2	Finland	14	13	10	37
3	France (host nation)	13	15	10	38
4	Great Britain	9	13	12	34
5	Italy	8	3	5	16
6	Switzerland	7	8	10	25
7	Norway	5	2	3	10
8	Sweden	4	13	12	29
9	Netherlands	4	1	5	10
10	Belgium	3	7	3	13

• Pierre de Coubertin—founder of the IOC & father of the modern Olympics movement—personally awarded 21 Gold medals to members of the 1922 British Mount Everest Expedition including 12 Britons, 7 Indians, 1 Australian and 1 Nepalese.^[26][27]

See also

• 1924 Winter Olympics
• Olympic Games celebrated in France
  • 1900 Summer Olympics – Paris
  • 1924 Summer Olympics – Paris
  • 1924 Winter Olympics – Chamonix
  • 1968 Winter Olympics – Grenoble
  • 1992 Winter Olympics – Albertville

• Summer Olympic Games
• Olympic Games
• International Olympic Committee
• List of IOC country codes

Last surviving competitor

The last surviving competitor of the 1924 Summer Olympics was Croatian swimmer Ivo Pavelić, who died on 22 February 2011 at the age of 103.

Notes

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1924 Summer Olympics.

• "Paris 1924". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. 
• "Results and Medalists". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. 
• (ed.) M. Avé, Comité Olympique Français. Les Jeux de la VIII^e Olympiade Paris 1924 – Rapport Officiel (PDF) (in French). Paris: Librairie de France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2011. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
• "Paris 1924". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. 
• "Results and Medalists". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. 
• 1924 medal winners – from CBS
• Picture of the Olympic Stadium of Colombes
• Original footage of the opening ceremony of the 1924 Summer Olympics (by Polygoon) (in Dutch)

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