1914 Atlantic hurricane season

1914 Atlantic hurricane season

Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed September 15, 1914
Last system dissipated October 26, 1914
Strongest storm
Name One (by default)
 • Maximum winds 70 mph (110 km/h)
 • Lowest pressure 995 mbar (hPa; 29.38 inHg)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions 2 (record low)
Total storms 1 (record low)
Total fatalities None
Total damage Unknown

The 1914 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active Atlantic hurricane season on record, with only one known tropical storm. Although hurricane season typically encompasses a much larger time-span, actual activity was confined to the middle of September. The only tropical cyclone of the year developed in the region of The Bahamas on September 15 and drifted northwestward, moving inland over Florida and Georgia. Thorough warnings before the storm prevented any major damage. The 1914 season is one of only two that did not produce any hurricanes (the other being the 1907 season). Due to the lack of modern technology, including satellite imagery, information is often sparse, and an additional tropical depression may have existed in late October. Additionally, this was the first hurricane season to take place during World War I.

Season summary

With only one official tropical cyclone, the 1914 season was the least active Atlantic hurricane season on record. It is one of only two Atlantic seasons without a storm of hurricane intensity (winds of 75 mph (121 km/h) or stronger),[1] the other being the 1907 season.[2] The sole tropical storm's formation on September 14 represents the latest start to a hurricane season since officials records began in 1851.[3]

Information on the 1914 season is chiefly based on data from the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), which undertook a thorough reanalysis of hurricanes from 1911 through 1914 in 2005. Several changes, mostly of a minor nature, were made to the September tropical storm. Additionally, two other systems during the year were formally considered for inclusion into the hurricane database; one of them was deemed a potential tropical depression, but considered too weak to be classified a tropical storm. The other was assessed as a non-tropical system. The 2005 HURDAT reanalysis relied largely on historical weather maps and ship reports in place of modern technology, including satellite imagery.[1]

Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

Systems

Tropical Storm One

Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration September 15 – September 19
Peak intensity 70 mph (110 km/h) (1-min)  <995 mbar (hPa)

The first and only tropical storm of the season originated in a westward-moving tropical wave denoted on weather maps from September 13. Decreases in air pressure occurred throughout the Bahamas, providing "strong indications of a disturbance".[4] The system became a tropical depression at 00:00 UTC on September 15, approximately 200 mi (320 km) east of Miami, Florida. It strengthened into a tropical storm about 12 hours later,[2] leading to the issuance of storm warnings from the east coast of Florida to as far north as Hatteras, North Carolina.[4]

The system drifted northwest while gradually intensifying, and was situated south of the Georgia coast late on September 16. While most tropical systems in the vicinity tend to continue northward along the Eastern Seaboard, the cyclone curved westward and moved ashore near the Florida–Georgia state border after achieving a peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph (110 km/h).[2][4] It progressed inland over southern Georgia as it quickly weakened, but its intensity leveled off after around 18:00 UTC on September 17. The storm skirted the northern Gulf of Mexico as it swerved slightly south of due west, weakening to a tropical depression over southeastern Louisiana.[2] By early September 19, the depression had further deteriorated into an open trough—a poorly defined, elongated area of low pressure.[1]

The storm produced widespread rainfall in the Southeastern United States, accompanied by gale-force winds along the coast, and ships reported severe conditions at sea. High tides occurred around St. Augustine, Florida, washing over the South Street Causeway. Winds from the storm dispersed large amounts of dead grass from marshes in the area. No significant damage was reported due to thorough warnings before the cyclone. A 2005 reanalysis of the storm made some minor changes to its listing in the official hurricane database, setting back the time of formation and raising the peak intensity.[1]

Tropical depression

In addition to the September tropical storm, a possible depression that remained below tropical storm intensity developed in late October. On October 24, a broad area of low pressure was present over the western Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. A possible center of low pressure, attached to a cold front extending southward, had formed within the larger system and moved toward the east. Another center of low pressure formed in the northwestern Caribbean on October 25 and is considered a tropical depression in contemporary research. The depression had weak winds due to the light pressure gradient in the region and, at its peak, it had a minimum central pressure of 1,004 mbar (29.6 inHg). On October 26, the cold front associated with the extratropical cyclone to the north absorbed the tropical system. The next day, the extratropical system deteriorated into an open trough. Although the tropical low was reviewed for inclusion into the hurricane database as a tropical storm in 2005, it was deemed too weak.[1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Landsea, Chris; et al. (2005). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT - 2005 Changes/Additions for 1911 to 1914". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Hurricane Specialists Unit (2010). "Easy to Read HURDAT 1851–2009". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
  3. ↑ Bob Fogarty (Fall 2009). "2009 Hurricane Season - Is it Over Before it Began?" (PDF). National Weather Service. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 Bowie, Edward H (September 1914). "Storms And Warnings For September" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 42 (9): 540. Bibcode:1914MWRv...42..540B. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1914)42<540:SAWFS>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
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