1872 in science
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The year 1872 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Chemistry
- Robert Chesebrough patents Vaseline in the United States[1]
- Eugen Baumann rediscovers polyvinyl chloride
- Charles-Adolphe Wurtz discovers the aldol reaction
Conservation
- March 1 – Yellowstone National Park is established in the United States, the world's first national park[2][3]
Exploration
- December 21 – Challenger expedition: HMS Challenger (1858) sails from Portsmouth in England on the 4-year scientific expedition that lays the foundation for the science of oceanography[4]
Mathematics
- Richard Dedekind publishes Stetigkeit und irrationale Zahlen, a theory of irrational numbers[5]
- Felix Klein produces the Erlangen program on geometries[5]
Medicine
- Moritz Kaposi describes Kaposi's sarcoma[6][7] and the manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
- Ferdinand Monoyer proposes the dioptre as a unit for measuring the optical power of a lens[8]
Physics
- Ludwig Boltzmann states the Boltzmann equation for the temporal development of distribution functions in phase space, and publishes his H-theorem[9]
Technology
- John Hopkinson proposes the group flash system for distinguishing lighthouses[10]
- Reverend C. M. Ramus of Sussex, England, devizes the single-step hydroplane hull[11]
Institutions
- October 1 – the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College begins its first academic session
- The Polytechnic Museum in Moscow is founded[12]
Publications
- May – the magazine Popular Science is first published in the United States
- Charles Darwin publishes The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals
Awards
Births
- April 5 – Samuel Cate Prescott (died 1962), American food scientist and microbiologist
- May 6 – Willem de Sitter (died 1934), Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer
- May 21 – Henry E. Warren (died 1957), American inventor
- May 31 – Charles Greeley Abbot (died 1973), American astrophysicist
- August 1 – Solomon Carter Fuller (died 1953), Liberian-born psychiatrist
- September 23 – Marie Depage (died in sinking of the RMS Lusitania 1915), Belgian nurse
- October 4 – Ernest Fourneau (died 1949), French medicinal chemist
Deaths
- March 8 – Priscilla Susan Bury (born 1799), English botanist
- April 2 – Samuel Morse (born 1791), American inventor
- May 6 – George Robert Gray (born 1808), English zoologist
- August 22 – Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis (born 1787), French physician
- December 6 – Félix Archimède Pouchet (born 1800), French scientist
- December 24 – William John Macquorn Rankine (born 1820), Scottish physicist
- Anne Elizabeth Ball (born 1808), Irish psychologist
References
- ↑ U.S. Patent 127,568.
- ↑ "Yellowstone, the First National Park". Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 16 June 2011.
- ↑ U.S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 17, Chap. 24, pp. 32-33. "An Act to set apart a certain Tract of Land lying near the Head-waters of the Yellowstone River as a public Park." From The Evolution of the Conservation Movement, 1850-1920 collection, Library of Congress.
- ↑ Rice, A. L. (1999). "The Challenger Expedition". Understanding the Oceans: Marine Science in the Wake of HMS Challenger. London: Routledge. pp. 27–48. ISBN 978-1-85728-705-9. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
- 1 2 Crilly, Tony (2007). 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know. London: Quercus. ISBN 978-1-84724-008-8.
- ↑ Kaposi, Moriz (1872). "Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut". Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis. 4: 265–73. doi:10.1007/bf01830024. Translated as: "Idiopathic Multiple Pigmented Sarcoma of the Skin" (PDF). CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 32 (6): 342–7. 1982. doi:10.3322/canjclin.32.6.342. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
- ↑ "Moriz Kohn Kaposi". Whonamedit?. Retrieved 2011-03-25.
- ↑ Monoyer, F. (1872). "Sur l'introduction du système métrique dans le numérotage des verres de lunettes et sur le choix d'une unité de réfraction". Annales d'Oculistiques. Paris. 68: 101.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of Physics (2nd ed.). 1991.
- ↑ Beare, T. H. (2004). "Hopkinson, John (1849–1898)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13758. Retrieved 2011-06-02. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ↑ "The Evolution of the Hydroplane". Flight. 6: 796. 1914-07-24. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ↑ "History". Polytechnic Museum.
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