1861 in Wales

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Incumbents

June - In a by-election caused by the death of the sitting MP, Richard Grosvenor becomes MP for Flintshire, holding it on behalf of the Liberals.
July - Baner ac Amserau Cymru begins twice-weekly publication.
Japanese knotweed is recorded at Maesteg - the first record of it growing wild in the UK.
Excavation of Long Hole Cave in Glamorgan reveals prehistoric flint artefacts.
Pryce Pryce-Jones starts his mail order company in Newtown, Montgomeryshire.
David Davies Llandinam builds the Oswestry and Newtown railway.
John Dillwyn-Llewelyn marries Caroline Hicks Beach.
Griffith John becomes the first Christian missionary to penetrate into central China.

The first National Eisteddfod of Wales is held at Aberdare. The chair is won by Lewis William Lewis.

Autobiography and Correspondence of Mrs. Delaney, ed. Augusta Hall, Lady Llanover
Griffith Jones (Glan Menai) - Hywel Wyn
John Jones (Vulcan) - Athrawiaeth yr Iawn
David Owen (Brutus) - Cofiant y Diweddar Barch. Thomas Williams
Thomas Rees - History of Protestant Nonconformity in Wales: From Its Rise to the Present Time
William Rees (Gwilym Hiraethog) - Emmanuel
Jane Williams (Ysgafell) - The Literary Women of England
Robert Williams (Trebor Mai) - Fy Noswyl

1 January - John Owen Jones (Ap Ffarmwr), journalist (died 1899)
2 January (in Oswestry) – William Henry Griffith Thomas, clergyman and academic (died 1924)
22 March - Dick Kedzlie, Wales international rugby player (died 1920)
7 April - Clara Novello Davies, singer (died 1943)
5 May - John Edward Lloyd, historian (died 1947)
31 July at Garneddwen - Alfred William Hughes, surgeon and founder of the Welsh Hospital in South Africa
10 September - Sir John Lynn-Thomas, surgeon (died 1939)
19 September - Evan Roberts, Wales international rugby player (died 1927)
26 October - Richard Griffith (Carneddog), writer (died 1947)
28 December - David Gwynn, Wales international rugby player (died 1897)
date unknown
- Reginald Brooks-King, archer (died 1936)
- William Stadden, rugby player (died 1906)
- John Williams, politician (died 1922)

1861 in Europe
Sovereign states	Andorra Austria Baden Belgium Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Luxembourg Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Ottoman Empire Papal States Portugal Prussia Russia San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United Principalities
Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Malta

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