1818 in science
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The year 1818 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy
- January 3 (21:52 UTC) – Venus occults Jupiter, last occultation of one planet by another before 22 November 2065
Chemistry
- Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou isolate the alkaloid strychnine in Paris.
- Louis Jacques Thénard discovers hydrogen peroxide.[1]
Exploration
- John Ross sets sail in search of the Northwest Passage.
Medicine
- September 25 – In London, Dr James Blundell carries out the first blood transfusion using human blood.[2]
- Jean Esquirol produces reports urging greater medicalization in the treatment of insanity in France.
- Carl Ferdinand von Graefe publishes his pioneering work on rhinoplasty, Rhinoplastik.
Meteorology
- John Howard begins publication of The Climate of London, the first book on urban climatology in English, presenting new thinking on atmospheric electricity and the causes of precipitation.[3]
- Alexander Adie patents the sympiesometer.
Physics
- Augustin-Jean Fresnel presents a memoir on diffraction of light to the Académie des Sciences.
Technology
- January 2 – Institution of Civil Engineers inaugurated in London.
- Shipbuilder Thomas Morton of Leith, Scotland, invents the patent slip.
- Robert Stirling builds the first practical version of his Stirling engine.
- First Chubb detector lock produced.[4]
Publications
- Benjamin Silliman begins publishing the American Journal of Science, concentrating on geology; by the 21st century it will be the longest-running scientific journal issued in the United States.
Awards
Births
- April 8 – August Wilhelm von Hofmann (died 1892), German chemist.
- May 1 – Lyon Playfair (died 1898), Scottish chemist.
- June 29 – Angelo Secchi (died 1878), Italian astronomer.
- August 1 – Maria Mitchell (died 1889), American astronomer.
- September 27 – Hermann Kolbe (died 1884), German chemist.
- December 24 – James Prescott Joule (died 1889), English physicist.
Deaths
- July 28 – Gaspard Monge (born 1746), French mathematician.
- August 11 – Ivan Petrovich Kulibin (born 1735), Russian inventor.
- Bryan Higgins (born 1741), Irish-born chemist.
- William Jones (born c. 1745), English lepidopterist.
References
- ↑ Thénard, L. J. (1818). "Observations sur des nouvelles combinaisons entre l’oxigène et divers acides". Annales de chimie et de physique. 2nd Series. 8: 306–312.
- ↑ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ↑ Burton, Jim (2004). "Howard, Luke (1772–1864)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13928. Retrieved 2011-09-30. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ↑ Baren, Maurice (1997). How Household Names Began. London: Michael O'Mara Books. pp. 43–5. ISBN 1-85479-257-1.
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