180s BC

Events

189 BC

By place

Roman Republic

• Cato the Elder criticizes the consul Marcus Fulvius Nobilior for giving awards to Roman soldiers for doing ordinary tasks such as digging wells.

Greece

• The defeat of Antiochus III by the Romans in the Battle of Magnesia robs the Aetolian League of its principal foreign ally and makes it impossible for them to stand alone in continued opposition to Rome. The League is forced to sign a peace treaty with Rome that makes it a subject ally of the Republic. Although the League continues to exist in name, the power of the League is broken by the treaty and it never again constitutes a significant political or military force.

Asia Minor

• The Romans under consul Gnaeus Manlius Vulso, along with a Pergamene army under Eumenes II, defeat the Galatians in Anatolia and make them subjects of Pergamum.
• The city of Philadelphia (now Alaşehir, Turkey) is founded by King Eumenes II of Pergamon. Eumenes names the city after his brother, Attalus, whose loyalty earns him the nickname, "Philadelphus", literally meaning "one who loves his brother".

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Births

• 188 BC – Jing of Han, emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty, who will rule from 156 BC. During his reign, he will fight to curtail of power of the Chinese feudal princes (d. 141 BC)
• 186 BC – Ptolemy VI Philometor, king of Egypt, who will reign from 180 BC (d. 145 BC)
• 185 BC
  • Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, leading general and politician of the Roman Republic. As consul he will be the commander of the final siege and destruction of Carthage and will be the leader of the senators opposed to the Gracchi (d. 129 BC)
  • Panaetius of Rhodes, Greek philosopher (d. 110 BC)
• 183 BC – Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio, consul in 138 BC, who will have a prominent part in the murder of Tiberius Gracchus by leading a group of conservative senators and other knights in opposition to Gracchus and his supporters (d. 132 BC)
• 182 BC – Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt (d. 116 BC)
• 180 BC
  • Apollodorus of Athens, Greek scholar and grammarian (d. c. 120 BC)
  • Viriathus, Lusitanian chieftain and general (d. 139 BC)

Deaths

• 189 BC – Zhang Liang, Chinese rebel and taoist, who has helped Liu Bang establish the Han Dynasty
• 188 BC – Hui of Han, the second emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty, who has ruled from 195 BC (b. 210 BC)
• 187 BC – Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 BC, who has rebuilt the empire in the East but failed in his attempt to challenge Roman ascendancy in Greece and Anatolia (b. c. 241 BC)
• 186 BC – Li Cang, Marquis of Dai, buried in one of Mawangdui
• 185 BC – Brhadrata, Indian emperor, last ruler of the Indian Mauryan dynasty (from 197 BC)
• 184 BC
  • Titus Macchius Plautus, Roman comic dramatist, whose works, loosely adapted from Greek plays, established a truly Roman drama in the Latin language (b. c. 254 BC)
  • Liu Gong, third emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty
• 183 BC
  • Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major, Roman statesman and general, famous for his victory over the Carthaginian leader Hannibal in the Battle of Zama in 202 BC, which has ended the Second Punic War and given him the surname Africanus (b. 236 BC)
  • Philopoemen, Greek general and statesman, strategos of the Achaean League on eight occasions and a major figure in the demise of Sparta as a Greek power (b. 253 BC)
  • Hannibal, Carthaginian statesman, military commander and tactician, one of history's great military leaders, who has commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (b. 247 BC)
• 182 BC – Prusias I Chlorus, king of Bithynia (b. c. 228 BC)
• 181 BC – Ptolemy V Epiphanes, Ptolemaic dynasty ruler of Egypt who has reigned from 204 BC
• 180 BC
  • Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Roman statesman, consul in 195 BC, censor in 183 BC and colleague of Cato the Elder
  • Aristophanes of Byzantium, Greek scholar, critic and grammarian, particularly renowned for his work in Homeric scholarship, but also for work on other classical authors such as Pindar and Hesiod. After early studies under leading scholars in Alexandria, he has been chief librarian since about 195 BC (b. 257 BC)
  • Empress Dowager Lü, de facto ruler of the Chinese Han dynasty and wife of Emperor Gao
  • Liu Hong, fourth emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty

References