15th Wing

15th Wing

C-17 Globemaster IIIs of the 15th Wing at Hickam AFB
Active 1940–1946, 1955–1960, 1962–1970, 1971–present
Country  United States
Branch  United States Air Force
Type Composite
Role Fighter, Airlift and Air Refueling
Part of Pacific Air Forces
Garrison/HQ Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii
Motto(s) Prosequor Alis (I Pursue with Wings) (1942-1992)[1]
Engagements Pacific Ocean theater of World War II
Decorations Distinguished Unit Citation
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Commanders
Current
commander		 Colonel Kevin J. Gordon[2]
Insignia
15th Wing emblem (approved 15 March 1963 based on emblem approved 5 October 1942)[3]
Tail Code HH

The 15th Wing is a wing of the United States Air Force at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. The wing reports directly to the commander, Pacific Air Forces.

Its history goes back to just before World War II, when the 15th Pursuit Group was organized at Wheeler Field, Hawaii from elements of the 18th Pursuit Group. The group's combat effectiveness was largely destroyed during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Remanned and re-equipped as the 15th Fighter Group, it remained in the Hawaiian islands to provide for the air defense of the islands, although it deployed squadrons and detachments to the Central and Western Pacific areas. It later became a Twentieth Air Force very long range fighter group on Iwo Jima, escorting Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers that attacked the Japanese home Islands. In April 1945 the group earned a Distinguished Unit Citation for combat action over Japan. Following the end of the war, the group returned to Hawaii, where it was inactivated in 1946.

The group was again activated in 1955 to replace the 518th Air Defense Group as part of Air Defense Command's Project Arrow, which replaced units formed during the Cold War with those that had a distinguished history in the two world wars. It performed the air defense mission at Niagara Falls Municipal Airport, New York until it was discontinued in 1960 and its mission assumed by the New York Air National Guard.

In July 1962, Tactical Air Command organized the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing as the second McDonnell F-4 Phantom II wing at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. Although its companion 12th Tactical Fighter Wing was one of the first wings deployed during the Vietnam War, the 15th acted as an F-4 combat crew training unit during this era, although it assumed a tactical role during the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Pueblo crisis. In 1970 the wing was inactivated and its mission, personnel and equipment were transferred to the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing, which moved on paper to MacDill from Hamilton Air Force Base, California.

Little more than a year later, the wing returned to Hawaii as the 15th Air Base Wing, when it replaced the 6486th Air Base Wing as the host organization at Hickam Air Force Base. The wing has been stationed at Hickam (now Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam) since then. In 1984, the 15th group and 15th wing were consolidated into a single unit.

Mission

The mission of the 15th Wing is to develop and sustain combat-ready airmen, in partnership with the total force, to provide global mobility, global reach, precision engagement, and agile combat support anytime, anywhere.[4] The 15th Wing partners with the 154th Wing of the Hawaii Air National Guard to provide strategic and tactical airlift capability to Pacific Air Forces and Air Mobility Command and to support local and worldwide missions of combat support and humanitarian or disaster relief.[5]

To execute its mission, the wing has established priorities: First, execute the mission; second ensure readiness; third develop the wing's airmen; fourth, grow resilient airmen and families; and fifth, strengthen partnerships.[4]

Units

The 15 Wing is composed of three groups and one direct reporting squadron each with specific functions. The operations group controls all flying and airfield operations. The maintenance group performs aircraft and aircraft support equipment maintenance. The medical group provides medical and dental care. The 15th Comptroller Squadron performs financial management for the wing. The remaining functions of the wing are staff agencies.

  • 15th Maintenance Group[6]
15th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
15th Maintenance Squadron
15th Maintenance Operations Squadron
15th Operations Support Squadron
19th Fighter Squadron (F-22)
65th Airlift Squadron (C-37, C-40)
96th Air Refueling Squadron (KC-135)
535th Airlift Squadron (C-17) (tail code: HH)
  • 15th Medical Group[6]
15th Aeromedical-Dental Squadron
15th Medical Operations Squadron
15th Medical Support Squadron
  • 15th Comptroller Squadron

Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam is also host to numerous tenant organizations. The Air Force side of the installation supports 140 tenant and associate units.[6]

History

World War II

P-36A of the 15th Pursuit Group

The unit was originally constituted as the 15th Pursuit Group (Fighter) and was activated at Wheeler Field, Hawaii, on 1 December 1940 as part of the defense force for the Hawaiian Islands.[7] The original squadrons of the group were the 45th,[8] 46th,[9] and 47th Pursuit Squadrons.[10] The group drew its cadre from the 18th Pursuit Group, which had been stationed at Wheeler since 1927.[11] In addition to its primary combat aircraft the group flew the Curtiss A-12 Shrike, Grumman OA-9 Goose, Martin B-12 and Boeing P-26 Peashooter during the prewar period.[3]

A little more than a year later, on 7 December 1941, the group engaged in combat action during the Japanese attack on military installations in Hawaii. Bombing and strafing attacks that morning by carrier-based planes of the Japanese strike force destroyed many assigned aircraft and caused heavy casualties.[7] However, twelve of the group's pilots succeeded in launching their Curtiss P-36 Hawk and Curtiss P-40 Warhawk aircraft from Wheeler and Haleiwa Fighter Strip, and flew 16 sorties, destroying 10 Japanese planes. Second Lieutenants George S. Welch and Kenneth M. Taylor, P-40 pilots assigned to the 47th Pursuit Squadron, shot down four and two Japanese aircraft, respectively,[7] and were later cited for extraordinary heroism during the attack. Both received the Distinguished Service Cross.[12] Because of the heavy casualties suffered by the group in the attack, it was remanned and reorganized.[7]

P-39Qs of the 46th Fighter Sq at Makin Island in December 1943.

On 12 February 1942, the unit was redesignated the 15th Pursuit Group (Interceptor).[7] Several months later, the unit was redesignated the 15th Fighter Group.[7] That summer, the group's mission changed. Although defense of the islands continued to be an important responsibility, continuing to provide combat training for fighter pilots with the Bell P-39 Airacobra, Curtiss P-40 Warhawk and the Republic P-47D Thunderbolt became the primary mission of the elements of the group remaining in Hawaii for the next two years. In August 1942, the 12th Fighter Squadron, which had deployed to the Southwest Pacific Theater and been attached to VII Fighter Command, was assigned to the group,[13] although the squadron remained at Christmas Island during its assignment.[14] The group also deployed other squadrons to the Central and South Pacific for operations against Japanese forces.[7]

The following March, the 6th Night Fighter Squadron was assigned to the group. During this assignment, which lasted a little more than a year, the 6th kept detachments of its Douglas P-70 Havocs and Northrop P-61 Black Widows on Guadalcanal and New Guinea.[15] In March 1943, the 78th Fighter Squadron was assigned to the group.[16] The 78th in effect replaced the 46th Fighter Squadron, which moved to Makin Island and Canton Island for operations against the Japanese, although the 46th remained assigned to the group until June 1944.[9] In September, the 45th squadron also deployed to the western Pacific for combat operations,[8] leaving the 47th and 78th with group headquarters in Hawaii.[10][16]

45th Fighter Squadron P-51Ds on an escort mission in June 1945[note 1]

Then, in April 1944, the deployed elements of the 15th Fighter Group returned to Hawaii and began training for very long range bomber escort missions, obtaining North American P-51 Mustangs later in the year.[7] In January 1945, ordered into combat, the group left Hawaii for Saipan in the Marianas Islands, remaining there until a landing strip could be secured by the Marines on Iwo Jima. The first fighter aircraft to arrive at Iwo Jima were P-51s of the 15th's 47th Fighter Squadron the morning of 6 March, with the 45th and 78th Squadrons following the next day. They supported Marine ground units by bombing and strafing cave entrances, trenches, troop concentrations, and storage areas.[7] By the middle of March, the group also began strikes against enemy airfields, shipping, and military installations in the Bonin Islands.[7]

On 7 April 1945, the 15th flew its first Very Long Range (VLR) mission to Japan, providing fighter escort for the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombers that attacked the Nakajima aircraft plant near Tokyo, and was awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation.[7] In late April and early May that year, the 15th struck Japanese airfields on Kyūshū to curtail the enemy's suicide attacks against the invasion force on Okinawa and also hit enemy troop trains, small factories, gun positions, and hangars in the Bonins and Japan.[7]

During the summer of 1945, the 15th Fighter Group (along with the 21st Fighter Group and the VII Fighter Command) were reassigned to Twentieth Air Force.[7] The group continued its fighter sweeps against Japanese airfields and other targets, in addition to flying long-range B-29 Superfortress escort missions to Japanese cities, until the end of the war.[7] After the war, the group remained on lwo Jima until 25 November 1945, when it transferred (without personnel and equipment) to Bellows Field, Hawaii.[7] There it absorbed the personnel and equipment of the 508th Fighter Group.[17] On 8 February 1946, the unit moved to Wheeler Field, where it remained until inactivated on 15 October 1946.[7] Its personnel and equipment were transferred to the 81st Fighter Group, which assumed its mission.[18]

Aerial Victories Number Note
Group Hq 3 [19][note 2]
6th Night Fighter Squadron 20 [20]
12th Fighter Squadron 5 [21]
45th Fighter Squadron 33.5 [22]
46th Fighter Squadron 7 [22]
47th Fighter Squadron 43 [23]
78th Fighter Squadron 39 [24]
Group Total 150.5

Air Defense Command

47th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron Convair F-102A at Niagara Falls Municipal Airport[note 3]

The 15th was again activated on 18 August 1955 as the 15th Fighter Group (Air Defense) at Niagara Falls Municipal Airport, New York, where it replaced the 518th Air Defense Group as a result of Air Defense Command (ADC)'s Project Arrow, which was designed to bring back on the active list fighter units which had compiled memorable records during the two World Wars.[25] There it was responsible for the air defense of an area that included Western and Northern New York and parts of Ontario, Canada. It was reunited with one of its former units, now designated the 47th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (FIS),[7][26] which was already at Niagara Falls, where it had been assigned to the 518th.[26] The group was also assigned several support squadrons to perform its mission as USAF host unit for the active duty portions of Niagara Falls Airport.[27] (later 15th USAF Dispensary)[28][29][30]

The 47th FIS was equipped with radar equipped and rocket armed North American F-86D Sabres.[31] In the fall of 1957, the squadron upgraded to data link equipped F-86Ls[31] and later, by the summer of 1958 to Convair F-102 Delta Dagger aircraft[31] The group performed air defense operations for the 4707th Air Defense Wing and Syracuse Air Defense Sector until July 1960, when it was discontinued. Its mission was assumed by units of ADC's Air National Guard augmentation program.[32]

Vietnam War Era

On 1 July 1962, the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing (TFW) was organized by Tactical Air Command at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida[33] and assigned to the 836th Air Division. Operational squadrons of the wing and squadron tail codes were:

The wing was initially equipped with the obsolescent Republic F-84F Thunderstreak which was obtained from Air National Guard units, in 1964 the wing upgraded to the tail-coded McDonnell-Douglas F-4C Phantom II. The 15 TFW was the second wing to be equipped with the F-4.

The mission of the 15 TFW was to conduct tactical fighter combat crew training. The wing participated in a variety of exercises, operations and readiness tests of Tactical Air Command.[33] The wing traine pilots and provided logistical support for the 12th Tactical Fighter Wing.[33] It was reorganized as a mission-capable unit at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, returning afterwards to a training mission.[33]

With the departure of the 12 TFW in 1965, the 15 TFW's mission became acting as a replacement training unit for F-4 aircrews prior to their deployment to Southeast Asia.[33] The wing deployed 16 F-4s at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina, during the Pueblo crisis in 1968.[33]

In 1965, the wing deployed its 43d, 45th, 46th and 47th Tactical Fighter Squadrons to SEA,[33] where they participated in the air defense commitment for the Philippines from Clark AB and flew combat missions from Cam Rahn Bay Air Base in South Vietnam and Ubon Royal Thai Air Force Base in Thailand. Members of the 45 TFS achieved the first U.S. Air Force aerial victories of the Vietnam War when they destroyed two MIGs on 10 July 1965. Captains Thomas S. Roberts, Ronald C. Anderson, Kenneth E. Holcombe, and Arthur C. Clark received credit for these kills. The 43d TFS was reassigned to Elmendorf AFB, Alaska on 4 January 1970.

Beginning in October 1968, when the 4424th Combat Crew Training Squadron (CCTS) was organized, the wing began Martin B-57G Canberra night intruder tactical bomber aircrew training.[33] On 8 February 1969, the 13th Bombardment Squadron, was organized as a tactical B-57 squadron (Tail Code: FK) Night Intruder tactical bomber aircrew training.[35] The squadron and eleven aircraft deployed to Ubon RTAFB, Thailand on 1 October 1970. Three B-57Gs were left behind at MacDill with the 4424th CCTS as trainers.

In 1969, the wing assumed host USAF responsibility for MacDill from the 836th AD and was assigned the 15th Combat Support Group to carry out this mission.[36] The 15th was inactivated on 1 October 1970,[33] and was replaced by the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing when the 1st TFW was reassigned from ADC to Tactical Air Command and moved from Hamilton AFB, CA to MacDill.[37] The 4424th CCTS remained at MacDill, coming under the 1st TFW and finally discontinuing on 30 June 1972[37] with the return of the B-57Gs to the United States (to Kansas ANG).

Pacific Air Forces

Special mission aircraft of the wing's 65th Airlift Squadron

One year later, on 20 October 1971, the 15th Tactical Fighter Wing was redesignated the 15th Air Base Wing and activated at Hickam AFB, Hawaii on 1 November 1971. Assigned to Pacific Air Forces (PACAF), the 15th assumed the personnel, equipment, mission, and duties previously performed by the 6486th Air Base Wing, which was simultaneously discontinued.[38] This reactivation reestablished the organization in Hawaii, where the 15th Pursuit Group was formed in 1940, and the lineage, history and honors of the 15th Fighter Group were bestowed on the Wing.[note 4]

The 15th Air Base Wing managed Hickam, Wheeler, Dillingham, and Johnston Island Air Force Bases, Bellows Air Force Station, and several smaller subsidiary bases.[33] It provided base level support for headquarters PACAF and more than 100 tenant organizations.[33] Its 15th Operations Squadron provided special airlift for the Commander in Chief, Pacific (CINCPAC), and the USAF and US Army components of Pacific Command, initially with VC-118 aircraft[33] until inactivating in 1975, when the wing absorbed its assets.[39] Its 9th Airborne Command and Control Squadron provided airborne command and control support for CINCPAC.[33] Responsibility for Johnston Island subsequently transferred to the Defense Nuclear Agency on 1 July 1973; but on that same date, the 15th ABW assumed operational responsibility for Wake Island. Dillingham later transferred to Army control on 27 February 1975, as did Wheeler AFB on 1 November 1991. In 1999, the 15th ABW once again assumed responsibility for Johnston Island. Operational control of Wake Island transferred to the 36th Air Base Wing (13th Air Force), Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, on 1 October 2000.

From April to September 1975, the wing sheltered over 93,000 orphans, evacuees, and refugees from Southeast Asia as part of Operation Babylift and Operation New Life.[3] In 1980 the wing participated in Project Lagoon, a program to remove radioactive waste from Enewetak Atoll.[3]

On 13 April 1992 the 15th Operations Group was activated as the wing implemented the USAF objective wing organization. Upon activation, the group assumed was reassigned the wing's operational squadrons and the newly activated 15th Operations Support Squadron. It also managed operational matters at Hickam and Bellows in Hawaii and Wake Island Airfield. Its two flying squadrons provided airborne command and control and airlift for high-ranking officials. The group also provided command and control for the defense of the Hawaiian Islands, including tactical control of Hawaii Air National Guard alert F-15 aircraft.[40]

On 28 April 2003, the wing was redesignated the 15th Airlift Wing and begun preparation to stand up a first-of-its-kind active duty/associate Air National Guard C-17 Globemaster III organization. Almost three years later, on 8 February 2006 the wing welcomed in the first of eight C-17 Globemaster III cargo jets changing Hickam's identity and mission from strictly en route support to include performing local and worldwide airlift operations in support of combat and humanitarian missions.

On 18 May 2010, the wing was redesignated the 15th Wing in anticipation of the addition of air refueling to its airlift mission,[41] which occurred on 23 July, when the 96th Air Refueling Squadron was assigned to the wing's operations group.[41] Four days earlier, its 15th Mission Support Group was inactivated as Hickam Air Force Base became part of Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam and the US Navy assumed most support responsibility for the installation. In October, the wing added Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptors to the aircraft it flies when the 19th Fighter Squadron moved from Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska to become an active duty associate unit of the Hawaiian Air National Guard's 199th Fighter Squadron.[42][43]

Lineage

Activated on 1 December 1940
Redesignated: 15th Pursuit Group (Interceptor) on 12 February 1942
Redesignated: 15th Fighter Group (Single Engine) on 15 May 1942
Inactivated on 15 October 1946.
Activated on 18 August 1955
Discontinued and inactivated on 1 July 1960
Consolidated with the 15th Air Base Wing as the 15th Air Base Wing on 31 January 1984
Organized on 1 July 1962
Inactivated on 1 October 1970
Activated on 1 November 1971
Consolidated with the 15th Fighter Group (Air Defense) on 31 January 1984
Redesignated 15th Airlift Wing on 28 April 2003
Redesignated 15th Wing on 18 May 2010[44]

Assignments
  • 4707th Air Defense Wing, 18 August 1955
  • 30th Air Division, 8 July 1956
  • Syracuse Air Defense Sector, 1 September 1958 – 1 July 1960
  • Tactical Air Command, 17 April 1962 (not organized)
  • 836th Air Division, 1 July 1962 – 1 October 1970
  • Pacific Air Forces, 1 November 1971
  • Thirteenth Air Force, 6 October 2006
  • Pacific Air Forces, 28 September 2012 – present[44]

Components

Groups

Operational Squadrons

Support and Maintenance Squadrons
Other

Stations

Aircraft

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Distinguished Unit Citation7 April 1945Japan, 15th Fighter Group[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 1965-1 June 196615th Tactical Fighter Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 January 1969–31 December 196915th Tactical Fighter Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award4 April 1975–3 September 197515th Air Base Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award25 February 1986–25 March 198615th Air Base Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 July 1989–30 June 199115th Air Base Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 July 1991–30 June 199315th Air Base Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 1993–30 September 199515th Air Base Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 October 1995–1 August 199715th Air Base Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award2 August 1997–1 August 199915th Air Base Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award29 November 1999–30 November 200115th Air Base Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 November 2002–31 October 200415th Air Base Wing (later 15th Airlift Wing)[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 November 2004–31 October 200615th Airlift Wing[44]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award1 November 2006–31 October 200715th Airlift Wing[44]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Central Pacific7 December 1941 – 6 December 194315th Fighter Group[7]
Air Offensive, Japan17 April 1942 – 2 September 1945 15th Fighter Group[7]

See also

References

Notes

Explanatory notes
  1. ↑ North American P-51D-20-NA Mustangs serials 44-63325 44-63314 44-63474 44-63428 are pictured.
  2. ↑ Victories for the 6th Night Fighter Squadron, 12th Fighter Squadron and 46th Fighter Squadron include only victories credited while assigned or attached to the 15th Fighter Group.
  3. ↑ Convair F-102A-55-CO Delta Dagger serial 56-1021 is pictured in 1959.
  4. ↑ This temporary bestowal ended in 1984 when the 15th Air Base Wing was consolidated with the 15th Fighter Group (Air Defense), merging the two into a single unit. Ravenstein, Appendix V, USAF Bestowed History, pp. 315-317.
Footnotes
  1. ↑ "15th Wing Heritage Pamphlet" (PDF). 15th Wing History Office. December 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  2. ↑ "Colonel Kevin J. Gordon". 15th Wing Public Affairs. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Robertson, Patsy (2 December 2010). "Factsheet 15 Wing (PACAF)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
  4. 1 2 "The Official Web Site of the 15th Wing". 15th Wing Public Affairs. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  5. ↑ "Factsheet 11th Air Force". 11th Air Force Public Affairs. 1 June 2015. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "15th Wing Units". 15th Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 59
  8. 1 2 3 Robertson, Patsy (24 November 2010). "Factsheet 45 Fighter Squadron (AFRC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  9. 1 2 3 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 204
  10. 1 2 3 Endicott, Judy (18 December 2007). "Factsheet 47 Fighter Squadron (AFRC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  11. ↑ Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 63-65
  12. ↑ Sullivan, Patricia (10 December 2006). "Pilot shot down planes in Pearl Harbor attack". The Washington Post (printed in The San Diego Union Tribune). Archived from the original on 6 August 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2009.
  13. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 65-66
  14. ↑ Robertson, Patsy (2 January 2008). "Factsheet 12 Fighter Squadron (PACAF)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
  15. ↑ Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 39-40
  16. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 179-180
  17. ↑ Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 59, 371
  18. ↑ See Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 59, 146
  19. ↑ Newton & Senning, p. 534
  20. ↑ Newton & Senning, p. 526
  21. ↑ Newton & Senning, pp. 533
  22. 1 2 Newton & Senning, p. 551
  23. ↑ Newton & Senning, pp. 551-552
  24. ↑ Newton & Senning, p. 572
  25. ↑ Buss, Sturm, Volan, & McMullen, p.6
  26. 1 2 Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 206
  27. 1 2 See "Abstract, History 15 Infirmary Aug-Dec 1955". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  28. 1 2 "Abstract, History 15 Dispensary Jan-Jun 1957". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 3 April 2012.
  29. 1 2 Cornett & Johnson, p. 135
  30. 1 2 Cornett & Johnson, p. 145
  31. 1 2 3 Cornett & Johnson, p. 115
  32. ↑ See "Abstract, Vol. 1, History 26 Air Division (SAGE) Apr-Dec 1960". Air Force History Index. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Ravenstein, pp. 30–32
  34. ↑ Bailey, Carl E. (18 December 2007). "Factsheet 43 Fighter Squadron (AETC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  35. ↑ Haulman, Daniel L. (20 August 2011). "Factsheet 13 Bomb Squadron (AFGSC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 2 April 2012.
  36. 1 2 Mueller, pp. 345–354
  37. 1 2 Ravenstein, p. 7
  38. 1 2 3 4 See Mueller, p. 236
  39. ↑ Mueller, Air Force Bases, p. 266
  40. ↑ "Factsheet, 15th Operations Group". 15th Wing Public Affairs. 18 July 2013. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
  41. 1 2 3 Robertson, Patsy (3 April 2014). "Factsheet 96 Air Refueling Squadron (PACAF)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  42. 1 2 Robertson, Patsy (3 April 2014). "Factsheet 19 Fighter Squadron (PACAF)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Archived from the original on 27 September 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  43. ↑ Allen, SSG Nathan (5 October 2010). "The 19th Fighter Squadron comes home to Hickam". 15th Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 13 May 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Lineage, assignments, stations, aircraft and awards are in Robertson, Factsheet, 15 Wing, except as noted.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 See Mueller, Air Force Bases, pp. 236, 354

Bibliography

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