14 (number)

14 (fourteen /fɔərˈtiːn/) is the natural number following 13 and preceding 15.

In speech, the numbers 14 and 40 are often confused. When carefully enunciated, they differ in which syllable is stressed: 14 /fɔərˈtiːn/ vs 40 /ˈfɔːrti/.^[1] In relation to the word "four" (4), 14 is spelled "fourteen".

Look up fourteen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

In mathematics

Fourteen is a composite number.

In hexadecimal, fourteen is represented as E.

Fourteen is the lowest even n for which the equation φ(x) = n has no solution, making it the first even nontotient (see Euler's totient function).^[2]

Take a set of real numbers and apply the closure and complement operations to it in any possible sequence. At most 14 distinct sets can be generated in this way. This holds even if the reals are replaced by a more general topological space. See Kuratowski's closure-complement problem.

14 is a Catalan number.^[3]

The cuboctahedron, the truncated cube, and the truncated octahedron each have fourteen faces. The rhombic dodecahedron, which tessellates 3-dimensional space and is the dual of the cuboctahedron, has fourteen vertices. The truncated octahedron, which also tessellates 3-dimensional space, is the only permutohedron.

Fourteen is a Companion Pell number.^[4]

According to the Shapiro inequality 14 is the least number n such that there exist x₁, x₂, …, x_n such that

where x_{n + 1} = x₁, x_{n + 2} = x₂.

There are fourteen possible Bravais lattices that fill three-dimensional space.

In science

Chemistry

• The atomic number of silicon
• The approximate atomic weight of nitrogen
• The maximum number of electrons that can fit in an f sublevel

Astronomy

• Messier object M14, a magnitude 9.5 globular cluster in the constellation Ophiuchus
• The New General Catalogue object NGC 14, a magnitude 12.5 irregular galaxy in the constellation Pegasus

In religion and mythology

Christianity

• According to the Gospel of Matthew "there were fourteen generations in all from Abraham to David, fourteen from David to the exile to Babylon, and fourteen from the exile to the Messiah". (Matthew 1, 17)
• The number of Stations of the Cross.
• The Fourteen Holy Helpers were a group of saints formerly venerated together by Roman Catholics.
• The Fourteen Prague Martyrs were Franciscan monks who were murdered by rabble in the Church of Our Lady of the Snows and the monastery during the fights for Holy Roman crown between brothers Rudolf II and Matthias Hapsburgs on February 15, 1611 and who were beatified in 2012.
• In Revelations Chapter 14, verse 8, the angel announces the overthrow of Babylon^[5]

Mormonism

• The age of Joseph Smith when he witnessed the First Vision.

Islam

• The number of Muqattaʿat in the Quran.
• The number 12 is the (Masoomeen) in Shia Ithna-Asheri Islam.

Hinduism

The number of years of Rama's exile in the forests in Hinduism.

Mythology

The number of pieces the body of Osiris was torn into by his fratricidal brother Set.

Age 14

• Age 14 is the earliest that the emancipation of minors can occur in the U.S.
• Minimum age a person can purchase, rent or buy tickets to a 14A rated movie in Canada without an adult. Ratings are provincial, so ratings may vary. A movie can be 14A in one or some provinces and PG in other provinces. A movie can also be rated 14A in one or some provinces and 18A in other provinces. Quebec has a different rating system for films.
• Youngest age in Canada a person can watch a 14+ rated show without consent from a legal guardian.
• Minimum age at which one can view, rent, purchase, or buy tickets to an 18A rated movie with an accompanying adult in the Canadian provinces of the Maritimes and Manitoba.
• Minimum age at which one can work in many U.S states. Some require parental consent while others don't.
• Minimum age at which one can work in most Australian states with parent's consent.
• Minimum age at which one can drive a vehicle in the U.S. with a driver's license (with supervision of an adult over 18 years of age, and with a valid, unmarked driver's license, and at least 365 days of experience driving an actual automobile)
• The minimum age limit to drive a 50cc motorbike in Italy.
• The most common age of criminal responsibility in Europe.^[6]

In sports

• In golf, a player can have no more than 14 clubs in the bag.
• In rugby union, the starting right wing wears the 14 shirt.

In other fields

Fourteen is:

• The number of days in a fortnight.
• In traditional British units of weight, the number of pounds in a stone.
• A number 'encoded' in much of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach may have considered this number a sort of signature, since given A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, etc., then B + A + C + H = 14. (See also 41)
• The number of points outlined by president Woodrow Wilson for reconstructing a new Europe following World War I, see Fourteen Points.
• The number of Enigma Variations composed by Edward Edgar.
• The number of favored rows in the Roman theater for members of the equestrian order according to the lex Roscia theatralis issued in 67 BC.
• The section that one goes to when one dies in the Grailquest books.
• The number of legs on a woodlouse, as well as on Hallucigenia.
• A common designation for the thirteenth floor in many buildings for superstitious reasons.
• There are 14 British Overseas Territories of the United Kingdom.
• The number of lines in a sonnet.^[7]
• The Number 14 airship by Alberto Santos Dumont that was used to test the aerodynamics of his 14-bis airplane.
• The number of the French department Calvados.
• XIV is a Storage server manufactured by IBM. It goes by name of "XIV" and is pronounced as the separate letters "X", "I", "V".
• The Piano Sonata No. 14, also known as Moonlight Sonata, is one of the most famous piano sonatas composed by Ludwig van Beethoven.
• A symbol of infinity in "The House of Asterion" ("Spanish: La casa de Asterión", 1947) by Jorge Luis Borges.^[8]
• The Fourteen Words are a phrase used by white nationalists.
• Nuestra Familia is a gang that uses "XIV" as their symbol because the 14th letter of the Spanish alphabet is "N".

References